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Criminal 2026 ONCA 175

R. v. Armstrong

The Ontario Court of Appeal dismissed Matthew Armstrong’s appeal from robbery convictions, holding the verdict was reasonable and the electronic messages were properly assessed.

  • Identity evidence
  • Unreasonable verdict
  • Similar fact evidence
  • Electronic communications
  • Circumstantial evidence
  • Admissibility
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Immigration law 2026 FC 12

Rathnalingam v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

Federal Court dismissed judicial review of a RAD decision refusing refugee protection after finding the applicant had not proven identity and had not shown reviewable error.

  • Identity evidence
  • Document authenticity
  • New evidence on appeal
  • Credibility assessment
  • Notice of new issues
  • Statutory interpretation of irpa
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Criminal law 2025 ONCA 686

R. v. MacLaughlin

The Court of Appeal for Ontario dismissed Jason MacLaughlin’s conviction and sentence appeals in a circumstantial identity case involving online communications, phone records, and voice evidence.

  • Identity evidence
  • Circumstantial evidence
  • Voice identification
  • Child luring
  • Child pornography
  • Criminal harassment
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Criminal law 2025 ONCA 643

R. v. Sinclair

Where inadmissible opinion and hearsay evidence was elicited near the close of a trial, the trial judge did not err in dismissing a mistrial application because she gave immediate, forceful corrective instructions and repeated them in charge, properly evaluated the impugned evidence in the context of an otherwise overwhelming Crown case on identity, and exercised her discretion within legal bounds; appellate intervention was not warranted absent clear error or error in principle.

  • Mistrial
  • Hearsay
  • Opinion identification evidence
  • Corrective jury instructions
  • Standard of review
  • Identity evidence
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Immigration and refugee law 2025 FC 302

Suresh v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

The Federal Court dismissed judicial review of a RAD decision that rejected a refugee claimant’s identity documents as insufficient and potentially fraudulent.

  • Identity evidence
  • Document authenticity
  • Standard of review
  • Birth certificate issues
  • Passport fraud
  • Judicial review
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Criminal law 2025 ONCA 88

R. v. Beaver

The Court held that the trial judge did not misapprehend the identification evidence, was not required to address speculative alternative explanations (such as handling the pry bar in a hardware store) given the totality of strong circumstantial links, the inference that the handgun was a real firearm was reasonably open on the unchallenged evidence and effectively not contested at trial, and the seven-year global sentence was fit; therefore the conviction and sentence appeals were dismissed.

  • Identity evidence
  • Circumstantial evidence
  • Dna evidence
  • Firearm definition
  • Adequacy of reasons
  • Party liability
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Immigration law 2024 FC 1656

Yusuf v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

The Federal Court granted judicial review of a RAD decision, finding it unreasonably discounted a highly probative affidavit from the applicant’s mother on identity.

  • Identity evidence
  • Credibility findings
  • Standard of review - reasonableness
  • Affidavit evidence
  • Ministerial intervention
  • Documentary fraud allegations
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Immigration law 2024 FC 1067

Kalemba v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

The Federal Court dismissed judicial review of a RAD refusal to reopen an appeal, holding the decision was reasonable and no breach of natural justice was shown.

  • Reopening appeal
  • Natural justice
  • Identity evidence
  • Counsel error
  • Rule 49 rad rules
  • Standard of review: reasonableness
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Immigration law 2024 FC 991

Manoranjan v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

The Federal Court dismissed judicial review of a Refugee Appeal Division decision that found the applicant had not proved his identity through credible and trustworthy evidence.

  • Procedural fairness
  • Reasonableness review
  • Identity evidence
  • Document fraud
  • Admissibility of new evidence
  • Procedural-fairness
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Criminal law 2024 ONCA 475

R. v. Thibeault

The appeal is dismissed because the IAC claim is unsupported by the factual record and does not meet the two-part MacLeod test: the omitted video would not have assisted and there was no resulting prejudice given compelling identity evidence (DNA, footprints, victim identification) and the appellant's abortive cross-examination.

  • Manslaughter
  • Aggravated assault
  • Ineffective assistance of counsel
  • Identity evidence
  • Trial counsel strategy
  • Prejudice requirement
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Canada decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.