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Contract law 2025 FC 1618

DHL Global Forwarding (Canada) Inc. v. Lowe’s Canada

The Federal Court dismissed DHL’s summary judgment motion, holding Rona validly terminated the BSA under the DTA and DHL had not proven deadfreight owing for the contested period.

  • Termination
  • Deadfreight penalties
  • Block space agreement
  • Mitigation of damages
  • Contract interpretation
  • Incorporation by reference
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Wills and estates 2025 BCSC 1539

Maurer Estate (Re)

The court held that Erna Maurer’s Letter of Wishes was not precatory, but it was not incorporated by reference or cured under WESA. Article 4 created a charitable trust.

  • Incorporation by reference
  • Precatory language
  • Half-secret and secret trusts
  • Charitable trust creation
  • Pour-over clause
  • Rectification of wills (wesa s.59)
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Mortgage law 2025 BCSC 1012

Gemstone Advantage Limited v. Zhang

The court held a 22% default interest clause unenforceable under s. 8 of the Interest Act, but treated the demand as valid notice and set redemption at 30 days.

  • Interest act s.8
  • Default interest
  • Foreclosure
  • Redemption period
  • Order absolute
  • Guarantee
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Arbitration 2025 BCSC 758

Fisher v. Airfoam Industries Ltd. (Quad-Lock Building Systems)

The court stayed the action, finding an arguable case that the sales orders incorporated Quad-Lock’s arbitration clause and rejecting estoppel and limitation arguments.

  • Arbitration clause enforceability
  • Stay of proceedings under s.8 icaa
  • Competence-competence principle
  • Settlement privilege
  • Estoppel by convention
  • Estoppel by representation
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Administrative law 2024 NSCA 87

Nova Scotia Health Authority v. Finkle and West

The Court held the NSHA’s May 1, 2023 sanctions were an exercise of state authority of sufficiently public character because the NSHA is a statutory provincial health authority and the Medical Staff Bylaws and Corporate Bylaws (regulations) adopted and incorporated the Respectful Workplace Policy under the Health Authorities Act; accordingly the decisions were made 'under legislation' within the meaning of Civil Procedure Rule 7 and were amenable to common law judicial review for procedural fairness. The appeal was dismissed and leave to appeal was granted as interlocutory leave.

  • Judicial review availability
  • Procedural fairness
  • Statutory interpretation
  • Incorporation by reference
  • Scope of supervisory jurisdiction
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Patent law 2024 FC 1571

Liquid Power Specialty Products Inc. v. Baker Hughes Canada Company

The Federal Court dismissed LSPI’s pre-trial motion to decide an incorporation-by-reference question under Rule 220(1)(a), finding disputed facts and no trial-saving benefit.

  • Subsection 53(1) of the patent act
  • Incorporation by reference
  • Patent prosecution highway (pph)
  • Pre‑trial determination of question of law under rule 220(1)(a)
  • Patent-law
  • Civil-procedure
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Arbitration 2023 CF 1562

Canada (Procureur Général) c. Aéroports de Montréal

La Cour fédérale rejette le moyen déclinatoire du PGC et conclut que le tribunal arbitral a compétence pour entendre le litige sur le remboursement des PERI comme loyer supplémentaire.

  • Interpretation of arbitration clause
  • Incorporation by reference
  • Competence-competence
  • Judicial review vs damages remedy
  • Statutory discretion of minister
  • Payments in lieu of taxes (peri)
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Contract law 2023 ONCA 645

Lozon v. Lozon

The motion judge erred by relying on subjective evidence of the respondents’ intentions; an objective interpretation of the 2022 Minutes, read with the incorporated 2017 Mediation List and surrounding circumstances, establishes a binding agreement. The reference to tractor '1496' is a typographical error and must be read as model '1466', and the snowmobiles listed in the incorporated 2017 list (excluding 'El Tigre') are included; accordingly the Minutes are enforceable and the appellant is entitled to judgment and delivery of the specified snowmobiles.

  • Enforceability of settlement
  • Contract interpretation
  • Incorporation by reference
  • Typographical error in agreement
  • Specific performance/delivery of property
  • Costs
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Contract 2023 ONCA 297

Ferraro v. Neilas

Majority: The Trust Agreements and LPAs objectively incorporated the Loan Commitment by reference via the Use of Funds and Loan Documents clauses; guarantees by 1249 and Jim Neilas in the Loan Commitment were clear terms that beneficiaries could enforce where the trustee HRC failed to disclose and failed to enforce them; summary judgment on guarantees was appropriate. However, the motion judge erred in applying an 18% rate to compute losses and pre/post-judgment interest; the parties must recalculate losses and interest using the rates specified in each investor’s LPA.

  • Syndicated mortgage
  • Guarantee
  • Incorporation by reference
  • Contract interpretation
  • Fiduciary duty to disclose
  • Limitation of liability clause
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Canada decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.