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Criminal law 2026 ONCA 166

R. v. Oryia

Sentence appeal partly allowed after fresh evidence of harsh custodial conditions. The Court held the original two-year penitentiary term was fit when imposed, but varied its service to a conditional sentence.

  • Possession for the purpose of trafficking
  • Possession of proceeds of crime
  • Conditional sentence
  • Fresh evidence re custodial conditions
  • Fitness of sentence
  • Sentencing-appeals
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Criminal law 2026 ONCA 135

R. v. Griggs

Ontario Court of Appeal set aside drug-trafficking convictions and ordered new trials after finding the trial judge erred on s. 8 standing, while upholding the verdict analysis.

  • S.8 standing
  • Reasonable expectation of privacy
  • Search warrants
  • Controlled drugs and substances act
  • Possession for the purpose of trafficking
  • Possession of proceeds of crime
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Criminal law 2026 ONCA 40

R. v. Beljour

The Ontario Court of Appeal dismissed Jeson Beljour’s appeal, upholding convictions for fentanyl trafficking, proceeds of crime, and obstruction.

  • Possession of fentanyl for the purpose of trafficking
  • Possession of proceeds of crime
  • Obstruction of a peace officer
  • Credibility and corroboration
  • Adverse inference for non-production of witness
  • Use of accused silence
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Criminal 2025 ONCA 848

R. v. Amuthan

The Ontario Court of Appeal dismissed conviction appeals in a cocaine trafficking case, finding no error in the trial judge’s circumstantial evidence analysis.

  • Possession for the purpose of trafficking
  • Possession of proceeds of crime
  • Circumstantial evidence
  • Knowledge and control
  • Sentence appeal
  • Pre-trial custody credit
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Criminal law 2025 ONCA 441

R. v. Yousuf

The appeals were dismissed because the trial judge reasonably found, on the totality of the circumstantial evidence and permissible inferences from the safe-house context and personal items linking appellants to the residence, that the Crown proved constructive possession beyond a reasonable doubt; there was no misapprehension of evidence nor unreasonable verdict warranting appellate intervention.

  • Possession
  • Constructive possession
  • Possession for the purpose of trafficking
  • Possession of proceeds of crime
  • Firearms offences
  • Unreasonable verdict
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Criminal law 2025 ONCA 353

R. v. Immel

The trial judge did not err in concluding the Crown proved the appellant knew of the hidden fentanyl based on the cumulative circumstantial evidence; the conviction is upheld and the sentence on the fentanyl count is within the judge's discretion; however the sentence on the possession of proceeds of crime count is reduced to the statutory maximum of two years' imprisonment concurrent to the drug sentence.

  • Possession for purpose of trafficking
  • Possession of proceeds of crime
  • Circumstantial evidence
  • Knowledge (mens rea)
  • Gladue consideration
  • Sentencing principles
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Criminal law 2025 ONCA 255

R. v. Gillen

On the facts, the trial judge did not usurp the jury's fact‑finding because certificates of analysis were uncontested and the jury was repeatedly told they were sole judges of fact; the order of charges and the wording of the charge did not improperly encourage propensity reasoning given the contextual links between counts, proper instructions on burden and included offences, and absence of objection; the jury was properly instructed about the limited use of text messages as contemporaneous circumstantial evidence and not for propensity; accordingly the convictions are upheld and the appeal i…

  • Trafficking
  • Possession for the purpose of trafficking
  • Possession of proceeds of crime
  • Circumstantial evidence
  • Limiting instructions
  • Propensity reasoning
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Criminal law 2024 ONCA 653

R. v. Rouse

The Court held the verdicts were reconcilable because the evidence supporting possession of the cash was materially stronger and distinct from the evidence on the cocaine; the trial judge reasonably found the circumstantial evidence excluded any reasonable alternative to guilt on the proceeds count and thus did not commit a Villaroman error; and the trial judge properly considered collateral immigration consequences and imposed a sentence within the acceptable range.

  • Possession of proceeds of crime
  • Possession for purpose of trafficking
  • Resisting arrest
  • Inconsistent verdicts
  • Inferential reasoning (villaroman)
  • Collateral immigration consequences
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Criminal law 2024 ONCA 525

R. v. Ajibola

The Court held that the trial judge reasonably concluded that, given the backpack containing fentanyl in the trunk, the hotel key card and clothes in the backpack, the significant monetary value of the drugs, and the absence of any exculpatory explanation, constructive possession was the only reasonable inference and the guilty verdict was not unreasonable.

  • Possession for the purpose of trafficking
  • Possession of proceeds of crime
  • Constructive possession
  • Circumstantial evidence
  • Standard of unreasonable verdict
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Criminal law 2024 ONCA 380

R. v. Salvati

The Court upheld the convictions because the trial judge reasonably concluded, on the totality of circumstantial evidence, that the only reasonable inference was that the appellant had placed the drugs in the upstairs bathroom and thus constructive possession and possession for trafficking were proven; there was no established misapprehension or reversal of burden; the uncertified photocopy of the recognizance was admissible under the common law public/judicial documents exception given corroborating evidence and lack of substantive authenticity challenge, so any procedural unfairness in admi…

  • Constructive possession
  • Possession of proceeds of crime
  • Breach of recognizance
  • Hearsay exceptions
  • Principled exception
  • Public/judicial documents exception
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Canada decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.