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England and Wales Case Law

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Civil procedure

Nancy Carol Smithers & Anor v Persons Unknown Category 1 & Ors

The non-disclosure regarding the LIFO tracing methodology was innocent and did not cause prejudice; the court retains discretion and it would be disproportionate to discharge the injunction. The order should be continued as there is jurisdiction and no compelling reason to set it aside.

  • Freezing injunctions
  • Non-disclosure
  • Tracing cryptocurrency
  • Jurisdiction
  • Cross-undertaking in damages
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Civil procedure [2026] EWHC 207 (Comm)

Smithers & Anor v Persons Unknown Category 1 & Ors

Smithers & Anor v Persons Unknown Category 1 & Ors [2026] EWHC 207 (Comm) (23 January 2026)

The Commercial Court continued a crypto-related freezing injunction despite an innocent non-disclosure about tracing methodology, and allowed disclosure of holder identities to law enforcement.

  • Freezing injunctions
  • Tracing of cryptoassets
  • Non-disclosure
  • Jurisdiction
  • Disclosure to law enforcement
  • Freezing-injunctions
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Commercial law [2026] EWHC 1059 (Comm)

Sachs v Snape & Ors

Sachs v Snape & Ors [2026] EWHC 1059 (Comm) (19 January 2026)

The High Court granted summary judgment in part in a crypto-asset dispute, finding breach of contract and trust against the first and fourth defendants.

  • Breach of contract
  • Breach of trust
  • Knowing receipt
  • Constructive trust
  • Summary judgment
  • Equitable compensation
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Civil procedure

Gary Jones v Persons Unknown & Ors (No.2)

Kyrrex Limited’s CPR 40.9 application to set aside a crypto-fraud judgment failed because it was not directly affected by the order and had weak merits.

  • Cpr 40.9 applications
  • Freezing injunctions
  • Persons unknown orders
  • Cryptocurrency tracing
  • Constructive trust
  • Unjust enrichment
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Civil procedure [2025] EWHC 1823 (Comm)

Jones v Persons Unknown & Ors

Jones v Persons Unknown & Ors [2025] EWHC 1823 (Comm) (10 June 2025)

The High Court dismissed Kyrrex Limited’s CPR 40.9 application to set aside a cryptocurrency judgment, holding it was not directly affected and that delay and prejudice also told against relief.

  • Cpr 40.9 applications
  • Freezing injunctions
  • Persons unknown
  • Constructive trust
  • Unjust enrichment
  • Delay and prejudice
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Commercial law [2025] EWHC 1231 (Ch)

Cyberaxle Ltd v Moosavi

Cyberaxle Ltd v Moosavi [2025] EWHC 1231 (Ch) (21 May 2025)

Trial judgment on an oral cryptocurrency mining deal, ownership of 40 Ethereum, and alleged salary overpayments. The claimants succeeded on all issues.

  • Oral contracts
  • Fiduciary duties
  • Ownership of digital assets
  • Director's duties
  • Unlawful salary payments
  • Cryptocurrency mining agreements
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Commercial law [2025] EWHC 1746 (Comm)

Sachs v Snape & Ors

Sachs v Snape & Ors [2025] EWHC 1746 (Comm) (04 April 2025)

The High Court granted proprietary and freezing injunctions over alleged misappropriated cryptocurrency and funds, and permitted service out and substituted service.

  • Freezing injunction
  • Proprietary injunction
  • Fraud
  • Breach of fiduciary duty
  • Cryptocurrency
  • Jurisdiction
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Commercial law [2023] EWHC 3180 (Comm)

Boonyaem v Pesons Unknown Category A & Ors

Boonyaem v Pesons Unknown Category A & Ors [2023] EWHC 3180 (Comm) (14 December 2023)

The High Court granted proprietary summary judgment over traced USDT, continued freezing relief, and held that claims against unidentified fraudsters could not yet proceed to final judgment.

  • Constructive trust
  • Proprietary injunction
  • Freezing injunction
  • Persons unknown defendants
  • Tracing
  • Disclosure orders
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Civil procedure

Jahangir Piroozzadeh v Persons Unknown Category A & Ors.

The High Court discharged an interim proprietary injunction against Binance Holdings Limited for failure to fairly present the without notice application and disclose likely defences.

  • Interim injunctions
  • Constructive trusts
  • Bankers trust orders
  • Disclosure
  • Adequacy of damages
  • Without notice applications
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Commercial law [2022] EWHC 1685 (Comm)

HDR Global Trading Ltd v Shulev & Anor

HDR Global Trading Ltd v Shulev & Anor [2022] EWHC 1685 (Comm) (01 July 2022)

The High Court held that a settlement agreement in a cryptoasset dispute was binding, clause 3 was enforceable, and Mr Shulev had not yet earned the first instalment.

  • Settlement agreements
  • Duress and misrepresentation
  • Enforceability of contracts
  • Cryptocurrency disputes
  • Stakeholder proceedings
  • Settlement-agreements
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England and Wales decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.