England and Wales Case Law

Wolverhampton City Council & Ors v Persons Unknown & Ors

There have been no material changes in fact or law to justify discharge of the injunction or power of arrest. The Second Claimant is permitted to discontinue its claim. The injunction and power of arrest are continued (with minor amendments) for the remaining Claimants until 1 March 2027, with clarification of service and signage requirements and removal of the Second Claimant's area.

Source excerpt

• Injunctions against persons unknown
• Anti-social behaviour
• Street racing
• Power of arrest
• Alternative service
• Review hearings

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Birmingham City Council v Persons Unknown who participate or

There have been no material changes in fact or law since the last review to justify discharge or variation of the injunction and power of arrest. The orders have had a deterrent effect but the risk of street cruising persists. The procedural and substantive requirements for continuation are met, with minor amendments for clarity and reinstatement of signage requirements.

Source excerpt

• Injunctions
• Persons unknown
• Anti-social behaviour
• Contempt of court
• Alternative service
• Power of arrest

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Aksahin v London Borough of Enfield

Aksahin v London Borough of Enfield [2026] EWCA Civ 231 (06 March 2026)

The Court of Appeal dismissed a challenge to contempt findings arising from anti-social car cruising, upholding liability, costs, and a suspended committal order.

• Breach of injunction
• Anti-social behaviour
• Car cruising
• Contempt of court
• Procedural fairness
• Costs orders

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Wolverhampton City Council & Ors v Persons Unknown & Ors

Wolverhampton City Council & Ors v Persons Unknown & Ors [2026] EWHC 443 (KB) (27 February 2026)

The High Court continued a quasi-final injunction against street racing and related conduct, allowed one council to discontinue, and made minor amendments to scope and service.

• Injunctions
• Power of arrest
• Anti-social behaviour
• Persons unknown
• Service by alternative means
• Discontinuance

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Birmingham City Council v Persons Unknown & Ors

Birmingham City Council v Persons Unknown & Ors [2026] EWHC 442 (KB) (27 February 2026)

The High Court continued a Birmingham anti-street-cruising injunction and power of arrest after finding no material change in fact or law, with minor clarifications to service and duration.

• Injunctions against persons unknown
• Anti-social behaviour
• Street cruising
• Power of arrest
• Alternative service
• Review hearings

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Hanson Quarry Products Europe Limited v Kylie Davies & Ors

Part-heard contempt proceedings over protests at a Welsh quarry, involving service of persons-unknown injunctions, alleged breaches, and a disputed eviction notice.

• Committal for contempt
• Service of court orders
• Persons unknown injunctions
• Trespass
• Alternative service
• Sanctions for contempt

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Transport for London v Persons Unknown & Ors

The 27 March 2025 statement by Just Stop Oil constituted a material change of circumstances, but the short period since the statement and ongoing evidence of risk meant it was premature to discharge the injunctions. The injunctions should remain in force for up to six more months, with an earlier review in November 2025 to assess whether the risk of road-blocking protests had truly dissipated.

Source excerpt

• Injunctions
• Protest law
• Freedom of assembly
• Civil disobedience
• Review of injunctions

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Transport for London v Persons Unknown & Ors

Transport for London v Persons Unknown & Ors [2025] EWHC 3005 (KB) (17 November 2025)

The High Court continued TfL’s final injunctions against road-blocking protest groups, but only until an earlier review in November 2025. It also amended a costs order under the slip rule.

• Injunctions
• Protest law
• Civil disobedience
• Review of injunctions
• Persons unknown
• Slip rule

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Director of Public Prosecutions v Catherine Cannon & Ors

The magistrate erred in law by requiring proof of ownership and precise boundaries to establish trespass for aggravated trespass under s.68 CJPOA 1994; possession and lack of consent from the occupier suffice. The evidence adduced (including testimony from a senior employee, physical security features, and lack of contrary evidence) was sufficient to prove trespass beyond reasonable doubt. No reasonable tribunal could have acquitted on the evidence presented.

Source excerpt

• Aggravated trespass
• Trespass to land
• Burden of proof
• Possession vs ownership
• Protest law

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Devon and Cornwall Police v Roberts

Devon and Cornwall Police v Roberts [2025] EWCC 62 (27 October 2025)

The County Court found Jennifer Roberts in breach of an anti-social behaviour injunction, but made no further order after considering the minor nature of the breach and mitigation.

• Anti-social behaviour injunction
• Contempt of court
• Sentencing for breach of injunction
• Anti-social-behaviour-injunction
• Contempt-of-court
• Civil-procedure

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