England and Wales Case Law

Chief Constable of Derbyshire Constabulary (R, on the application of) v Police Misconduct Panel

The Panel's findings on the content and effect of the telephone calls were adequately reasoned and within the range of reasonable decisions, but its decision to impose a final written warning rather than dismissal was inadequately explained and inconsistent with its own findings regarding the failure to follow a superior officer's advice and the seriousness of the harm, thus requiring the outcome decision to be quashed and remitted for reconsideration.

Source excerpt

• Judicial review of disciplinary decisions
• Police misconduct
• Adequacy of reasons
• Sanctions in professional misconduct
• Standard of proof in disciplinary proceedings

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Shane Matin v The Commissioners for HMRC

The Upper Tribunal refused reconsideration of permission to appeal in a tax dispute, holding there was no arguable error in the FTT’s treatment of an HMRC barring application.

• Permission to appeal
• Barring order
• Procedural fairness
• Equality of arms
• Adequacy of reasons
• Evaluation of evidence

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Leila Eslami v North Tyneside Magistrates’ Court

The Magistrates’ Court failed to give adequate reasons for its refusal, rendering the decision unlawful and justifying quashing and remittal for reconsideration.

Source excerpt

• Account freezing orders
• Proceeds of crime
• Judicial review
• Reasonable living expenses
• Adequacy of reasons

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MB v Hertfordshire County Council

Upper Tribunal held the First-tier Tribunal used the wrong legal approach and gave inadequate reasons when rejecting proposed EHC plan provisions, but did not set the decision aside.

• Special educational needs
• Ehc plans
• Tribunal procedure
• Error of law
• Adequacy of reasons
• Special-educational-needs

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KS v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions

The Upper Tribunal allowed this Universal Credit appeal, finding the First-tier Tribunal failed to address the appellant’s shoulder impairment and gave inadequate reasons.

• Universal credit
• Limited capability for work
• Limited capability for work related activity
• Tribunals, courts and enforcement act 2007
• Welfare reform act 2012
• Adequacy of reasons

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Chief Constable of Derbyshire Constabulary, R (On the Application Of) v Police Misconduct Panel

Chief Constable of Derbyshire Constabulary, R (On the Application Of) v Police Misconduct Panel [2026] EWHC 467 (Admin) (09 February 2026)

The High Court quashed the sanction imposed by a police misconduct panel, finding inadequate reasoning for final written warnings, but upheld its findings on the officers' conduct.

• Police misconduct
• Gross misconduct
• Disciplinary proceedings
• Adequacy of reasons
• Sanctions
• Judicial review standards

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HA v The Secretary of State for Work and Pensions

Upper Tribunal allowed an appeal in a DLA case, finding the First-tier Tribunal erred in law by failing to adequately examine evidence and reasons about supervision and restraint.

• Disability living allowance
• Severe mental impairment criteria
• Tribunal inquisitorial duty
• Adequacy of reasons
• Mobility component entitlement
• Disability-living-allowance

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Eslami v North Tyneside Magistrates' Court

Eslami v North Tyneside Magistrates' Court [2026] EWHC 219 (Admin) (05 February 2026)

Judicial review of a magistrates’ refusal to vary an account freezing order was allowed because the reasons were inadequate and failed to address the statutory test.

• Judicial review
• Account freezing orders
• Reasonable living expenses
• Adequacy of reasons
• Variation of freezing orders
• Judicial-review

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Mark Glenn Ltd v The Commissioners for HMRC

Severe and patchy hair loss in women constitutes a disability for VAT purposes due to its substantial adverse impact on everyday activities, considering social and cultural context; the Kinsey system is a supply of services of adapting goods to suit the condition of disabled persons under Item 3 Schedule 8 Group 12 VATA 1994; the FTT's reasoning was inadequate and its legal approach to Item 3 was flawed; the appeal is allowed and the supplies are zero-rated.

Source excerpt

• Vat zero-rating
• Definition of disability
• Services of adapting goods
• Fiscal neutrality
• Adequacy of reasons
• Single vs multiple supply

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LK v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions

The Upper Tribunal allowed LK’s appeal, finding the First-tier Tribunal gave inadequate reasons for rejecting entitlement to Disability Living Allowance care component.

• Disability living allowance
• Error of law
• Tribunal procedure
• Adequacy of reasons
• Disability-living-allowance
• Error-of-law

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