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England and Wales Case Law

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Civil procedure [2026] EWHC 267 (KB)

Various Claimants v Mercedes-Benz Group AG & Ors (PAN NOX EMISSIONS LITIGATION)

Various Claimants v Mercedes-Benz Group AG & Ors (PAN NOX EMISSIONS LITIGATION) [2026] EWHC 267 (KB) (10 February 2026)

The High Court varied the usual costs order after a second costs management hearing, allowing a 20% deduction from the claimants’ recoverable budget-preparation costs.

  • Costs management
  • Group litigation orders
  • Costs budgeting
  • Proportionality
  • Costs-management
  • Costs-budgeting
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Personal injury

Gary James Webster & Ors v Treloars Trust

Application for GLO dismissed as court not satisfied sufficient number of claims will materialise given imminent implementation of statutory compensation scheme, which is designed to provide full compensation and offers advantages over litigation. Court's case management powers and collective claim procedures are adequate; GLO would not be a proportionate use of resources.

  • Duty of care
  • Limitation
  • Compensation schemes
  • Group litigation orders
  • Alternative dispute resolution
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Tax law [2025] EWCA Civ 1271

BAT Industries PLC & Ors v Commissioners of Inland Revenue & Anor

BAT Industries PLC & Ors v Commissioners of Inland Revenue & Anor [2025] EWCA Civ 1271 (08 October 2025)

Court of Appeal held that FII limitation claims were not time-barred earlier than 6 June 2000 and dismissed both the Revenue’s appeal and FCE’s cross-appeal.

  • Limitation periods
  • Restitution
  • Mistake of law
  • Franked investment income
  • Group litigation orders
  • Compatibility with eu law
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Civil procedure [2025] EWHC 2307 (KB)

Various Claimants v Mercedes-Benz Group AG & Ors (Re Pan NOx Emissions Litigation)

Various Claimants v Mercedes-Benz Group AG & Ors (Re Pan NOx Emissions Litigation) [2025] EWHC 2307 (KB) (10 September 2025)

Costs management decision in the Pan NOx emissions group litigation, reducing several phase budgets and deferring expert reports and ADR budgeting.

  • Costs budgeting
  • Proportionality of costs
  • Group litigation orders
  • Case management
  • Recoverable costs
  • Solicitor-client costs
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Tax law

Bat Industries Plc & Ors v The Commissioners of Inland Revenue & Anor

The date on which claimants could with reasonable diligence have discovered the mistake of law was 6 June 2000, the date of the CJEU judgment in Verkooijen, as this dismantled the professional consensus and provided sufficient confidence for a well-advised multi-national to embark on litigation preliminaries. Both the appeal and cross-appeal are dismissed as the judge made no error in law or fact.

  • Limitation of actions
  • Restitution
  • Mistake of law
  • Group litigation orders
  • Corporation tax
  • Eu treaty freedoms
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Civil procedure

Stuart Angel & Ors & v Black Horse Limited

The Judge's decision to sever the claims was wrong because he applied the restrictive Abbott test, which was subsequently overruled by Morris. The correct test is whether claims can conveniently be disposed of together, considering broad common issues, practical case management, and the overriding objective. Omnibus claim forms are appropriate at this stage, as there are significant common issues and potential for efficient disposal.

  • Joinder and severance
  • Case management
  • Unfair relationship under consumer credit act
  • Commission disclosure
  • Agency liability
  • Group litigation orders
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Personal injury [2025] EWHC 516 (KB)

Webster & Ors v Treloars Trust

Webster & Ors v Treloars Trust [2025] EWHC 516 (KB) (11 March 2025)

The High Court refused a proposed group litigation order over Treloars pupils’ infected blood claims, holding the compensation scheme made a GLO unnecessary.

  • Group litigation orders
  • Duty of care
  • Limitation
  • Compensation schemes
  • Exemplary damages
  • Alternative dispute resolution
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Tax law [2024] EWCA Civ 1430

AXA Sun Life PLC & Ors v Commissioners of Inland Revenue & Anor

AXA Sun Life PLC & Ors v Commissioners of Inland Revenue & Anor [2024] EWCA Civ 1430 (27 November 2024)

The Court of Appeal addressed limitation, set-off and pleading issues in AXA Sun Life’s tax litigation, dismissing the claimants’ appeals and allowing HMRC’s appeal on pleading.

  • Group litigation orders
  • Limitation periods
  • Restitution for unlawfully levied tax
  • Compound interest
  • Issue estoppel
  • Advance corporation tax
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Consumer protection

Alex Not & Ors v Jaguar Land Rover Limited & Ors

A Group Litigation Order is appropriate given the scale, complexity, and multiplicity of claims, and the parties' agreement. The inclusion of question 41 in the SOCI is justified to establish the factual basis for claimants' allegations, while the claimants' formulation for question 43 on loss is preferred as it strikes a proportionate balance between information provision and cost. The GLO will proceed with the agreed and determined terms, with case management deferred until 2026.

  • Defective motor vehicles
  • Diesel particulate filter (dpf) litigation
  • Group litigation orders
  • Breach of contract
  • Consumer credit
  • Manufacturer guarantee
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Civil procedure

Various Claimants v Nissan Motor Co Ltd & Ors

The court granted the GLO applications in all six cases, adopting the Claimants' proposed terms where consistent with existing NOx GLOs and rejecting Defendants' requests for early, costly provision of detailed information in the Group Register. The court held that such information should be provided at the SOI stage to avoid disproportionate costs. Standard Minimum Requirements for ATE insurance and non-duplication of proceedings were not imposed as conditions precedent. The Claimants' Steering Committee structure and notification procedures were approved. Disclosure regarding Authorised Dea…

  • Group litigation orders
  • Emissions regulation
  • Limitation
  • Disclosure
  • Adverse costs insurance
  • Jurisdiction
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England and Wales decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.