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England and Wales Case Law

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Regulatory law

Mohammed Hamza Azad v Registrar of Approved Driving Instructors

On the balance of probabilities, the appellant's conduct fell below professional standards required of an ADI, undermining public confidence in the Register. The appellant is not a fit and proper person to remain on the Register.

  • Fitness and propriety
  • Approved driving instructor register
  • Professional standards
  • Public confidence
  • Human rights act
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Family law

FZ v MZ

The court granted a declaration of non-parentage, step-parent adoption, and judicial review relief for DZ, but refused to declare FZ DZ’s father under the HFEA 2008.

  • Parentage
  • Birth registration
  • Gender recognition
  • Adoption
  • Judicial review
  • Child arrangements
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Tax law

Brian Lynch v The Commissioners for HMRC

The Ramsay doctrine does not defeat the Dry Tax Charge because s381 ITTOIA 2005 requires a single transaction view; the QCB discounts and premiums are income in nature as they compensate for foregone interest; the discovery assessment is valid as the hypothetical officer could not have been aware of the insufficiency from the information provided; the HICBC does not breach the Appellant’s human rights as it is lawful, proportionate, and non-discriminatory.

  • Income tax
  • Discovery assessment
  • Tax avoidance schemes
  • Ramsay doctrine
  • High income child benefit charge
  • Human rights act
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Civil procedure [2025] EWHC 2791 (KB)

Mahal v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis

Mahal v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis [2025] EWHC 2791 (KB) (30 October 2025)

The High Court struck out a claim against the Metropolitan Police and granted summary judgment, holding the pleaded causes of action were abusive, misconceived, or without real prospect.

  • Strike out
  • Summary judgment
  • Abuse of process
  • Police investigations
  • Duty of care
  • Misfeasance
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Arbitration

The Federal Republic of Nigeria v Process and Industrial Developments Ltd & Anor

The Court of Appeal lacks jurisdiction to entertain Mr Andrew’s appeal because permission to appeal was not obtained from the trial judge as required by section 68(4) Arbitration Act 1996. The findings against Mr Andrew were within the pleaded case, put to him in cross-examination, and he had full opportunity to respond. There was no breach of Articles 6 or 8 ECHR. The process was fair, reasons were adequate, and the findings were justified. Even if jurisdiction existed, permission to appeal would be refused on discretionary grounds.

  • Section 68 arbitration act 1996
  • Fraud in arbitration
  • Legal professional privilege
  • Procedural fairness
  • Human rights act
  • Articles 6 and 8 echr
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Civil procedure [2025] EWHC 2141 (KB)

Sheffield Environmental Services & Ors v Persons Unknown

Sheffield Environmental Services & Ors v Persons Unknown [2025] EWHC 2141 (KB) (13 August 2025)

The High Court granted an injunction against persons unknown blocking Veolia’s Sheffield sites during industrial action, finding private nuisance, minimal trespass, and adequate service.

  • Injunctions against persons unknown
  • Trespass
  • Private nuisance
  • Industrial action
  • Trade union rights
  • Protest law
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Civil procedure

The Chief Constable of Sussex Police & Anor v XGY

The claims against the CPS and police are barred by core immunity and its established extensions, which apply to statements made in court and preparatory conduct for court proceedings, including bail hearings. The immunity applies to all causes of action, including HRA and DPA claims, unless Parliament expressly abrogates it. The respondent did not meet the section 7 victim criterion under HRA, as there was no real and immediate risk at the material time.

  • Advocate immunity
  • Police immunity
  • Human rights act
  • Data protection act
  • Misuse of private information
  • Breach of confidence
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Public law

Huda Ammori, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department

The judge's refusal of interim relief was legally correct, as he properly weighed the balance of convenience, gave due respect to national security, and considered all relevant factors; no arguable error of law or basis for appellate interference was established.

  • Interim relief
  • Proscription of organisations
  • National security
  • Freedom of expression
  • Freedom of association
  • Balance of convenience
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England and Wales decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.