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England and Wales Case Law

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Criminal law [2026] EWCA Crim 4

Lakeman, R. v

Lakeman, R. v [2026] EWCA Crim 4 (14 January 2026)

The Court of Appeal held that Old School Runescape gold pieces are property under s.4 Theft Act 1968 and can be stolen, allowing the Crown appeal.

  • Theft
  • Intangible property
  • Digital assets
  • Video game law
  • Money laundering
  • Computer misuse
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Tort law

Environment Agency v Churngold Recycling Ltd

The Court of Appeal held that conversion does not extend to copies of documents or intangible electronic data, and refused delivery up under that tort.

  • Conversion
  • Intangible property
  • Statutory powers
  • Remedies for unlawful seizure
  • Intangible-property
  • Statutory-powers
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Tort law [2014] EWCA Civ 909

Environment Agency v Churngold Recycling Ltd

Environment Agency v Churngold Recycling Ltd [2014] EWCA Civ 909 (04 July 2014)

The Court of Appeal held that conversion did not extend to copies of documents or electronic data owned by the maker, and set aside the delivery-up order.

  • Conversion
  • Intangible property
  • Statutory powers
  • Remedies
  • Electronic data
  • Intangible-property
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Contract law [2014] EWCA Civ 281

Your Response Ltd v Datateam Business Media Ltd

Your Response Ltd v Datateam Business Media Ltd [2014] EWCA Civ 281 (14 March 2014)

The Court of Appeal held that a common law possessory lien cannot be exercised over an electronic database, and the refusal to release it was a breach of contract.

  • Possessory lien
  • Intangible property
  • Electronic databases
  • Implied terms
  • Reasonable notice
  • Breach of contract
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Contract law

Your Response Ltd v Datateam Business Media Ltd

The Court of Appeal held that a common law possessory lien cannot be exercised over an electronic database, but it upheld the finding that reasonable notice was three months.

  • Possessory lien
  • Intangible property
  • Electronic databases
  • Breach of contract
  • Reasonable notice
  • Conversion
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Commercial law [2012] EWHC 10 (Ch)

Armstrong DLW GmbH v Winnington Networks Ltd

Armstrong DLW GmbH v Winnington Networks Ltd [2012] EWHC 10 (Ch) (11 January 2012)

The High Court held that EU allowances are intangible property and that Armstrong could recover their value from Winnington after a fraudulent transfer.

  • Unjust enrichment
  • Proprietary restitution
  • Knowing receipt
  • Intangible property
  • Eu emissions trading scheme
  • Change of position defence
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Property law

Armstrong DLW GmbH v Winnington Networks Ltd

The court held that Winnington’s receipt of EUAs transferred by fraud was unconscionable, defeating bona fide purchase and change of position defences.

  • Intangible property
  • Unjust enrichment
  • Constructive trust
  • Knowing receipt
  • Bona fide purchase
  • Change of position
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Tort law

Plant v Service Direct (UK)

The Court of Appeal refused permission to appeal, holding that third-party-held electronic records and domain-name data were not the claimant’s “goods” under the 1977 Act.

  • Interference with goods
  • Conversion
  • Domain names
  • Intangible property
  • Interference-with-goods
  • Domain-names
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England and Wales decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.