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England and Wales Case Law

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Civil procedure [2026] EWHC 443 (KB)

Wolverhampton City Council & Ors v Persons Unknown & Ors

Wolverhampton City Council & Ors v Persons Unknown & Ors [2026] EWHC 443 (KB) (27 February 2026)

The High Court continued a quasi-final injunction against street racing and related conduct, allowed one council to discontinue, and made minor amendments to scope and service.

  • Injunctions
  • Power of arrest
  • Anti-social behaviour
  • Persons unknown
  • Service by alternative means
  • Discontinuance
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Civil procedure [2026] EWHC 397 (KB)

Valero Energy Ltd & Ors v Persons Unknown & Ors

Valero Energy Ltd & Ors v Persons Unknown & Ors [2026] EWHC 397 (KB) (23 February 2026)

The High Court kept Valero’s final injunction in force after its second annual review, finding no material change in risk from protest-related trespass or disruption.

  • Injunctions
  • Trespass
  • Nuisance
  • Quia timet relief
  • Protest law
  • Service by alternative means
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Commercial law [2025] EWHC 770 (Comm)

Universal Africa Lines BV v Knidos Shipping Corporation

Universal Africa Lines BV v Knidos Shipping Corporation [2025] EWHC 770 (Comm) (18 February 2025)

The High Court granted a without-notice freezing order in aid of arbitration, finding a good arguable case and a real risk that insurance proceeds could be dissipated.

  • Freezing injunctions
  • Risk of dissipation
  • Enforcement of arbitral awards
  • Interim relief under arbitration act 1996
  • Service by alternative means
  • Freezing-injunctions
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Property law

Lavinia Deborah Osbourne v Persons Unknown Category A & Ors

Permission granted to re-amend Particulars of Claim, interim injunction continued, service out of jurisdiction and by alternative means (password-protected documents) allowed, and expert evidence considered for this hearing. NFTs are to be treated as property for purposes of interim relief; damages are inadequate for Claimant; balance of convenience favours injunction.

  • Non-fungible tokens (nfts) as property
  • Constructive trust
  • Unjust enrichment
  • Service out of jurisdiction
  • Service by alternative means
  • Interim injunctions
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Commercial law [2024] EWHC 1785 (Comm)

British International Investment Plc v Varkey & Anor

British International Investment Plc v Varkey & Anor [2024] EWHC 1785 (Comm) (24 May 2024)

Summary judgment was granted for the claimant on unpaid sums under a share and loan note sale agreement, together with declaratory relief and indemnity costs.

  • Summary judgment
  • Enforcement of foreign judgments
  • Guarantee and indemnity
  • Service by alternative means
  • Declaratory relief
  • Costs assessment
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Civil procedure [2023] EWHC 340 (KB)

Osbourne v Persons Unknown & Ors

Osbourne v Persons Unknown & Ors [2023] EWHC 340 (KB) (22 February 2023)

The High Court extended an injunction over allegedly stolen NFTs and allowed service out of the jurisdiction and by NFT airdrop and email.

  • Cryptoassets
  • Non-fungible tokens (nfts)
  • Injunctions
  • Service by alternative means
  • Constructive trust
  • Unjust enrichment
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Fraud

D’ALOIA v PERSON UNKNOWN & Ors

The High Court granted interim freezing and disclosure relief over alleged crypto fraud, and allowed service out and by email/NFT, except against Binance Markets Limited.

  • Fraudulent misrepresentation
  • Deceit
  • Unlawful means conspiracy
  • Unjust enrichment
  • Constructive trust
  • Proprietary injunction
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Civil procedure [2022] EWHC 1578 (QB)

XXX v Persons Unknown

XXX v Persons Unknown [2022] EWHC 1578 (QB) (12 April 2022)

The High Court continued and modified an interim injunction after a ransomware attack, imposing anonymity, private hearing, redaction, and service-related protections.

  • Interim non-disclosure orders
  • Ransomware
  • Anonymity orders
  • Service by alternative means
  • Redaction of evidence
  • Interim-injunctions
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Civil procedure [2022] EWHC 1578

XXX v Persons Unknown

XXX v Persons Unknown [2022] EWHC 1578 (QB) (12 April 2022)

The High Court continued a without notice injunction after a ransomware attack, kept the claimant anonymous, and ordered the hearing to remain private.

  • Interim non-disclosure orders
  • Ransomware
  • Cybercrime
  • Anonymity orders
  • Confidentiality
  • Service by alternative means
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England and Wales decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.