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England and Wales Case Law

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Mental capacity

PX, Re

PX lacks capacity to conduct proceedings and make decisions regarding residence and contact due to her learning disability. There is an immediate risk of emotional harm in MX's care, and insufficient evidence of risk in FX's care or at C1. It is in PX's best interests to return immediately to C1 and for contact with MX to be supervised pending a full hearing.

  • Capacity assessment
  • Best interests
  • Supervised contact
  • Residence
  • Interim orders
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Mental capacity

PX, Re

PX lacks capacity to conduct proceedings and make decisions regarding residence and contact. MX poses a risk of emotional and potentially physical harm to PX if contact is unsupervised. It is in PX's best interests to reside with FX during holidays and for MX's contact to be supervised by a professional or, where not possible, limited to video calls.

  • Capacity assessment
  • Best interests
  • Supervised contact
  • Residence
  • Safeguarding
  • Interim orders
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Family law

BL v MK

The court found the mother posed ongoing emotional harm to the children due to her negative beliefs and conduct, lacked insight, and was unable to meet their emotional and psychological needs. The father was found to be capable and child-focused. The children’s best interests required living with their father, with managed and supervised contact with the mother only if she re-engages. The court cannot compel contact and must prioritize the children’s welfare and stability.

  • Child arrangements
  • Parental responsibility
  • Contact orders
  • Emotional harm
  • Supervised contact
  • Fact-finding hearings
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Family law [2025] EWFC 433 (B)

F v M & Ors

F v M & Ors [2025] EWFC 433 (B) (24 November 2025)

The Family Court made X live with her father, refused the mother’s relocation request, ordered supervised contact only, and imposed a section 91(14) bar until age 13.

  • Child arrangements order
  • Relocation (international)
  • Interim care order
  • Section 91(14) order
  • Prohibited steps order
  • Parental responsibility
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Family law

A and B (Children) (Strangulation: Risk Assessment), Re

Due to established domestic abuse, ongoing high risk of harm, lack of insight, and failure to complete rehabilitation, unsupervised contact is not currently safe. Professionally supervised contact is necessary to protect the children's welfare. Passport renewal without father's consent is justified given the restraining order and practical difficulties.

  • Child arrangements
  • Domestic abuse
  • Risk assessment
  • Passport renewal
  • Supervised contact
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Family law

F v M & Ors

X's welfare can only be safeguarded by a final lives with order in favour of the father and indefinite supervised contact for the mother due to high risk of abduction, emotional harm, neglect, and mother's unaddressed mental health and drug use. Section 91(14) order is necessary to prevent further litigation causing harm to X. Mother's relocation application is dismissed due to lack of evidence and risk factors.

  • Child arrangements
  • Relocation
  • Supervised contact
  • Prohibited steps order
  • Section 91(14) order
  • Costs
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Family law [2025] EWFC 511 (B)

A v R

A v R [2025] EWFC 511 (B) (03 September 2025)

The Family Court ordered supervised contact, restricted the father’s parental responsibility for three years, and imposed a three-year section 91(14) filter.

  • Domestic abuse
  • Child arrangements
  • Parental responsibility
  • Section 91(14) orders
  • Supervised contact
  • Domestic-abuse
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Family law [2025] EWFC 462

Children: Parental Responsibility

Children: Parental Responsibility [2025] EWFC 462 (29 August 2025)

The court determined child arrangements and parental responsibility issues after a disputed parentage case, removing M2’s PR for RF and AF and granting F PR.

  • Parental responsibility
  • Child arrangements orders
  • Declarations of parentage
  • Prohibited steps orders
  • Change of surname
  • Removal of parental responsibility
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Mental capacity [2025] EWCOP 58

PX (Contested final hearing), Re

PX (Contested final hearing), Re [2025] EWCOP 58 (T2) (14 August 2025)

The Court of Protection held that PX lacked capacity to decide residence, contact, care, and internet use, and ordered supervised contact with MX.

  • Best interests
  • Capacity
  • Contact arrangements
  • Deprivation of liberty
  • Supervised contact
  • Litigation friend
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Family law [2025] EWFC 312 (B)

S & T (Children: Domestic Abuse)

S & T (Children: Domestic Abuse) [2025] EWFC 312 (B) (28 July 2025)

Private law children proceedings concerning domestic abuse findings, supervised contact, cross non-molestation applications, and a s.91(14) restriction.

  • Child arrangements order
  • Non-molestation order
  • Section 91(14) children act 1989
  • Practice direction 12j
  • Coercive and controlling behaviour
  • Supervised contact
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England and Wales decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.