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England and Wales Case Law

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Probate

Priti Patel v Nicholas O'Sullivan & Ors

On appeal in a probate dispute, the court set aside summary judgment and a debarring order, allowing the particulars of claim to stand as a witness statement.

  • Relief from sanctions
  • Summary judgment
  • Litigation friend
  • Capacity to litigate
  • Costs
  • Will validity
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Probate [2025] EWHC 3326 (Ch)

Patel v O'Sullivan & Ors

Patel v O'Sullivan & Ors [2025] EWHC 3326 (Ch) (19 December 2025)

Appeal in a probate dispute partly succeeded on case management, but failed overall. The court set aside summary judgment, kept the stay refusal, and preserved costs.

  • Relief from sanctions
  • Summary judgment
  • Litigation friend
  • Testamentary capacity
  • Undue influence
  • No-contest clause
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Mental capacity [2025] EWCOP 58

PX (Contested final hearing), Re

PX (Contested final hearing), Re [2025] EWCOP 58 (T2) (14 August 2025)

The Court of Protection held that PX lacked capacity to decide residence, contact, care, and internet use, and ordered supervised contact with MX.

  • Best interests
  • Capacity
  • Contact arrangements
  • Deprivation of liberty
  • Supervised contact
  • Litigation friend
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Civil procedure

Kenneth Johnston v Financial Ombudsman Service

The appellant failed to rebut the presumption of capacity; the evidence did not establish he lacked capacity at any material time. He was not a protected party under CPR 21.1 and was not entitled to a litigation friend. The claims were properly struck out as incoherent and not supported by particulars. The failure to provide reasonable adjustments did not render the proceedings unjust, and the statutory immunity applied. The appeal was dismissed and permission to appeal on other grounds was refused.

  • Capacity to conduct proceedings
  • Litigation friend
  • Reasonable adjustments
  • Statutory immunity
  • Equality act 2010
  • Mental capacity act 2005
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Administrative law

DP v The London Borough of Lambeth

Court of Appeal allowed a second appeal in a housing benefit case, holding that a material mistake of fact about the appellant’s capacity caused procedural unfairness.

  • Housing benefit
  • Capacity to litigate
  • Procedural fairness
  • Mistake of fact
  • Tribunal case management
  • Litigation friend
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Civil procedure

MUNICĂŤPIO DE MARIANA v BHP GROUP (UK) LIMITED

Permission granted for unopposed amendments and paragraphs 257B, C, D, E, F, H; refused for paragraphs 257G, I and Appendix VI due to lack of coherent pleading, insufficient evidence, and absence of real prospect of success. Security for costs application adjourned to December 2025 CMC; claimants ordered to disclose funding information by 25 July 2025. Directions given for pleadings timetable, Second Stage trial lead claimant selection, and costs management.

  • Amendment of pleadings
  • Security for costs
  • Disclosure
  • Litigation friend
  • Costs management
  • Dam collapse liability
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Civil procedure

Brendan Duffield v WW Morrison Supermarkets Ltd

The lower court erred by limiting the success fee to 10% of damages and disallowing the ATE premium; both deductions were contractually agreed, informed, and reasonable, and should be allowed subject to CPR 21.12 caps.

  • Deduction of costs from damages
  • Success fee
  • Ate premium
  • Litigation friend
  • Cpr 21.12
  • Solicitor-client costs
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Mental capacity

Patricia (No 4), Re

It is not in Patricia's best interests to receive nasogastric tube feeding with restraint or any other medical treatment against her wishes. Imposing such treatment would be detrimental to her health and wellbeing, and would not achieve the intended therapeutic outcome.

  • Best interests
  • Force feeding
  • Autonomy
  • Medical treatment without consent
  • Litigation friend
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Civil procedure

LZL (A Protected Party) v HYC & Anor

Ms HXS should be given a further opportunity to act as litigation friend, provided the application to the Court of Protection is made promptly. If not, the Official Solicitor should replace her. There is no current evidence of adverse interest, but her previous lack of insight and breach of order are serious concerns.

  • Litigation friend
  • Conflict of interest
  • Deputyship
  • Lasting power of attorney
  • Court of protection
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Family law

Y v Z

Given the husband's significant reduction in income, the spousal periodical payments order is varied to a nominal level and the child periodical payments are reduced to reflect his current income. The husband's share of the joint F Bank account is to be released to him, less specified deductions for arrears. The wife's persistent non-compliance and lack of representation do not justify further delay. The litigation friend's failure to perform his role justifies a wasted costs order against him.

  • Financial remedies
  • Variation of periodical payments
  • Litigation capacity
  • Litigation friend
  • Interim orders
  • Costs orders
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England and Wales decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.