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England and Wales Case Law

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Housing law

Housing 35 Plus Limited v Nottingham City Council

The rules of Housing 35 Plus Limited do not require that all management decisions are made by members in general meeting; the management committee is empowered to make such decisions. Therefore, the statutory exemption under schedule 14, paragraph 2B(2)(b) of the Housing Act 2004 does not apply, and the properties require licensing as HMOs.

  • Licensing of hmos
  • Co-operative societies
  • Statutory exemptions
  • Management decisions
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Information law

Mark Armstrong v The Information Commissioner

The Tribunal dismissed a FOIA appeal by Mark Armstrong, finding Humberside Police properly relied on section 21 and had not failed in its search, advice, or review handling.

  • Freedom of information
  • Statutory exemptions
  • Advice and assistance
  • Internal review procedures
  • Freedom-of-information
  • Section-21-exemption
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Information rights

Keith Gordon v Information Commissioner & Anor

The tribunal dismissed Keith Gordon’s FOIA appeal, holding HMRC was entitled to withhold pro bono costs-payment information because disclosure would identify the taxpayers involved.

  • Freedom of information
  • Statutory exemptions
  • Revenue and customs confidentiality
  • Procedural fairness
  • Freedom-of-information
  • Hmrc
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Information rights

Nigel Demming v Information Commissioner & Anor

The Tribunal dismissed an appeal seeking anonymised CT600 corporation tax data, holding that disclosure would still enable identification and engage section 23 CRCA and section 44 FOIA.

  • Freedom of information
  • Anonymisation
  • Taxpayer confidentiality
  • Statutory exemptions
  • Data protection
  • Freedom-of-information
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Information rights

Stiebel Lethbridge LTD v The Information Commissioner & Anor

The requested information, being lists of documents relating to registered titles, was not 'held' by HM Land Registry for FOIA purposes as compiling such lists required skill and judgment; even if the documents themselves were requested, they would be exempt under s21 FOIA as reasonably accessible by other means.

  • Freedom of information
  • Public authority obligations
  • Access to information
  • Statutory exemptions
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Information law

Cruelty Free International v The Information Commissioner & Anor

The redacted Section 9 information is, as a matter of fact, information provided in confidence by third parties and is protected by section 24(1) ASPA and section 44(1) FOIA; the Tribunal is bound by domestic appellate authority that there is no Article 10 ECHR right to access information under FOIA and cannot read down section 24(1) ASPA; the appeal is dismissed.

  • Freedom of information
  • Statutory exemptions
  • Confidentiality
  • Article 10 echr
  • Animals (scientific procedures) act
  • Jurisdictional limits
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Information rights

Monmouthshire County Council v The Information Commissioner & Anor

The Tribunal partly allowed Monmouthshire County Council’s appeal, rejecting section 41 but accepting section 43 to withhold limited report passages about the Newport Leisure Park purchase.

  • Freedom of information
  • Statutory exemptions
  • Public interest test
  • Confidentiality
  • Commercial interests
  • Freedom-of-information
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Administrative law

Edward Carter v Information Commissioner & Anor

The Upper Tribunal held that the First-tier Tribunal erred in law on a FOIA section 31 prevention-of-crime analysis and set aside the decision, remitting both appeals.

  • Freedom of information
  • Statutory exemptions
  • Prevention of crime
  • Public interest test
  • Freedom-of-information
  • Public-authority-information
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Information rights

John Evans v The Information Commissioner & Anor

The FCA was entitled to rely on section 44 of FOIA to refuse to confirm or deny holding the requested information because the information constituted 'confidential information' under section 348 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, which prohibits disclosure without consent. The term 'person' includes bodies corporate, and the Tribunal's remit does not extend to policy considerations.

  • Freedom of information act
  • Statutory exemptions
  • Confidential information
  • Financial services regulation
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England and Wales decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.