Banda v Finca Malawi (Civil Cause 3182 of 2001) [2004] MWHC 106 (18 August 2004)

IN THE HIGH COURT OF MALAWI PRINCIPAL REGISTRY CIVIL CAUSE NO. 3182 OF 2001 BETWEEN: KEITH BANDAL. ...ttt PLAINTIFF - -and - FINCA MALAWL.....covtereiiiiiiirieesssinnee e seninnns DEFENDANT CORAM: CHIMASULA PHIRI J. Gulumba of Counsel for the plaintiff. Ngwira of Counsel for the defendant Nsomba - Official Interpreter. JUDGMENT Chimasula Phiri J, The plaintiff's claim is for damages for unfair dismissal and unpaid terminal The plaintiff also claims K516,730.78 representing total sum of alleged benefits and interest on the sums due. collection charges calculated at 15% of liquidated claim. FACTS By a letter dated 5th September 2000, the plaintiff applied for a the letter aforesaid the Ltd went into job as a Human Resources Manager. plaintiff stated that liquidation he was a part time Lecturer at the Polytechnic. since Brown and Clapperton In By a letter dated 10th October 2000 the defendant informed the plaintiff that they had offered the plaintiff a job as a Human the employment were The conditions of Resources Manager. contained in a letter of offer and the plaintiff duly signed the said letter. The plaintiff completed his probationary period and was duly In March 2001, the confirmed as the Human Resources Manager. plaintiff had his salary raised. In May 2001, the defendant started a restructuring of the By his memo dated the The several the of organisation and the plaintiff was consulted. 21st May 2001 the plaintiff acknowledged being consulted. plaintiff where discussion defendant possibilities were considered possibilities plaintiffs suitability in any other post within the organization. the included with which had a Further, during a meeting on 30th May 2001 the plaintiff was offered a position of Zone Manager of Karonga Branch at higher and an incentive package. He was given up to 4th June 2001 to accept the post so as to finalise the transfer. By his letter dated the 4th June 2001 the plaintiff chose being a capacity as a Zone Manager. On 20th June 2001 the employed in defendants received a letter from the Ombudsman asking them why they had demoted the plaintiff. On the 19th June 2001, the plaintiff plaintiff's offer of redeployment to Karonga further declined the Branch. The defendant by 28th June 2001 terminated the plaintiff's employment on grounds of redundancy and his terminal benefits were duly given to him. The plaintiff had been in employment for a period of 8 months. letter dated the their PLEADINGS The plaintiff the his statement of termination of his employment was unfair, unjustified and unlawful because of the following reasons amongst others:- alleges claim that in (a) The post of Human Resources Manager was the only one declared redundant amongst 150 posts in FINCA Malawi; (b) (© 2001, or about July In vacancy for the functions encompassed those to carried plaintiff; a of Office Manager whose duties and the the defendant advertised out by FINCA Malawi continues to employ more staff its operations hence the necessity of a human resources expert. in The plaintiff also avers that he was not paid his terminal benefits in full and therefore claims for the following remedies:- (a) (b) © (d (e) Damages for unfair dismissal; The sum of K516,730.78 being the total sum of unpaid terminal benefits; Interest at the bank lending rate on the amount of claim from the date it was last due for payment; K77,509.62 being legal practitioners collection charges; Costs of the action. In its defence, the defendant denies that the said termination of the plaintiff's employment was unfair, unjustified or unlawful and contends that the plaintiff was notified of the defendant's decision to terminate his employment. ISSUES FOR DETERMINATION a. b. Was that dismissal in the present case under the present rules unfair dismissal? Was the plaintiff given all the payments that were due to him upon termination of his contract of employment by the employer? Is the plaintiff entitled to damages? EVIDENCE The plaintiff was the only witness to testify. statement as follows — He adopted his witness By a letter of offer of employment dated 10th October 2000, he was employed by FINCA Malawi in the capacity of Human Resources Manager. The Managing Director of FINCA Malawi at the material time was Mr Larry Hastings who was the Chairman of the interviewing panel at the time that the plaintiff went for his interviews. During the interviews, he made it clear to Mr Hastings that the salary he was being offered was not very much different from the salary he was getting in his previous job. The main attraction for him was the a company vehicle for business and reasonable personal use. Although this was not specified in the letter of offer of employment, it was specifically agreed upon during the interview and it was implemented not too he began working for FINCA Malawi. after offer long use of of After working for FINCA Malawi for a period of about three months, he was confirmed in his appointment by a letter dated 29th December 2000 signed by Mr Larry Hastings. In or about in 2001, Mozambique and was replaced by Mr Ishtiaq Mohiuddin who joined FINCA Malawi in the capacity of Acting Managing Director. February Hastings got job Mr a Upon taking up his post, one of the first things Mr Mohiuddin did was to attempt to downgrade the plaintiff's position by means of He thus attempted to rescind reducing his remuneration package. the plaintiff's entitement to the use of a company vehicle. The plaintiff was obliged to seek the advice from Lawson & Company who advised that such an action would amount to breach of the contract of employment. The Acting Managing Director was thus forced to temporary suspend his decision. By a letter dated 19th March 2002, FINCA Malawi effected a salary review of its employees and his monthly salary was fixed at K49,500.00. The plaintiff's benefits at this time included:- (@) personal use of company vehicle; (b) (c) lunch allowance of K2,000.00 per month; personal use of mobile phone up to a limit of K2,250.00 per month; (d) leave allowance of K3,000.00. do grievances to In the month of March 2001, employees of FINCA Malawi presented with working conditions through the plaintiff as the Human Resources Manager. The employees further threatened to if management failed to respond positively to their demands. Due to his position, the plaintiff was obliged to take the list of grievances to the Acting Managing Director. withhold general labour salary their and The immediate reaction of the Acting Managing Director upon being presented with the said grievances was that the plaintiff should issue letters of termination of employment to all the employees who had appended their signatures to the list grievances. The plaintiff then advised the Acting Managing Director that collective bargaining was one the rights of employees under current labour legislation. He further advised that the most viable solution was through negotiation between management of FINCA Malawi and the representatives of the employees. The advice was not well received by the Acting Managing Director. The Acting Managing Director told the plaintiff that he was disappointed that the plaintiff seemed more inclined to protect the rights of the workers than to enforce the interests of management. From that moment onwards, the plaintiff was completely sidelined in all management decisions. In or about April 2001, the Acting Managing Director managed to reduce the plaintiff's remuneration package by ordering that the plaintiff henceforth, share use of the company vehicle assigned to The relevant instruction was however him with Internal Auditor. This was done in spite of given through the Chief Finance Officer. the clear legal advice previously given to FINCA Malawi by its legal practitioners, Messrs Lawson & Company. On Monday, the 21st May 2001, the Acting Managing Director post has been summoned the plaintiff and informed him that the At this meeting, the Acting Managing Director declared redundant. intimated that he would assign the plaintiff another job of equal status and benefits. The plaintiff was then asked to specify what job would be relevant to his qualifications and experience. However, the Acting Managing Director called the plaintiff in his office for another meeting on 30th May 2001 and confirmed the And instead of offering the declaration of redundancy of the post. plaintiff an alternative post of equal status and benefits as intimated earlier by him, the Acting Managing Director asked the plaintiff to either leave FINCA Malawi immediately or take a junior post of Zone Manager in Karonga. It is quite surprising to the plaintiff that out of 150 positions in FINCA Malawi at the material time, only the position of Human This is even more Resources Manager was declared redundant. surprising considering that the position was only five months old. Further, FINCA Malawi advertised for a Human Resources Practitioner with 10 years experience about twice in the months of May and August 2000 which convinced the plaintiff that post of Human the company was committed to establishing the Resources Manager. the job of In addition, management approved in April 2001 to expand the Human Resources Department by appointing a Training Supervisor And in general, FINCA Malawi had been and a Personnel Assistant. the company's employing more in response to an expansion in programmes in The growth in all the three regions of the country. staff numbers thus only confirmed the company's need for a full-time Human Resources Manager. the Acting Although Managing Director insisted declaration of redundancy of the plaintiff's post was a corporate restructuring, the Human Resources Director and of International development. whole exercise. the that result of the this both Audit They were the people who should have initiated the Manager aware were not When the plaintiff eventually left FINCA Malawi's employment, terminal benefits were paid to him. However, the said amounts only Other took into account salary, leave pay and housing allowance. pension benefits contributions, and transportation were not paid to the plaintiff. lunch contributions, allowance, aid allowance, leave phone medical grant such Apart from the failure to pay him all of his terminal benefits, he was convinced that the termination of his employment was totally unfair as the reasons given were manifestly untrue and therefore, invalid. He also tendered a number of exhibits including additional conditions of service, various correspondences between the plaintiff and the defendant and newspaper cuttings. He stressed that he had already accepted on 4th June 2001 to work as a Zone Manager with The plaintiff the hope that the economic climate would improve. concluded that the redundancy was not a genuine one but a way of getting rid of him. He was cross-examined and re-examined. THE LAW Section 58 of the Employment Act provides as follows:- A dismissal is unfair if it is not in conformity with section 57 or is constructive dismissal pursuant to section 60. a Sections 57 and 60 provide as follows — (1) The employment of an employee shall not be terminated by an employer unless there is valid reason for such termination connected with the capacity or conduct of the employee or based on the operational requirements of the undertaking. (2) The employment of an employee shall not be terminated for reasons connected with his capacity or conduct before the employee is provided an opportunity to defend himself against the allegations made, unless the employer cannot reasonably be expected to provide the opportunity. (60) An employee Is entitled to terminate the contract of employment without notice or with less notice than that to which the employer Is entitled by any statutory provision or contractual term where the employer's conduct has made it unreasonable to expect the employee to continue the employment relationship. In the present case section 60 does not apply because the defendant expressly dismissed the plaintiff. Section 61 makes provision for proof of reason for dismissal in the following terms:- ) ) In any claim or complaint arising out of dismissal of an employee, it shall be for the employer to provide the reason for dismissal and if the employer fails to do so, there shall be a conclusive presumption that the dismissal was unfair. In addition to proving that an employee was dismissed for reasons stated in sections 57 (1), the employer shall be required to show that in all circumstances of the case he acted with justice and equity in dismissing the employee. Lastly, severance allowance has been provided for in section 35 (1) as follows: - termination On the employer or unilaterally by the employer, an employee shall be entitled to be paid by the employer, at the time of termination, a by mutual agreement with of contract, severance allowance to be calculated in accordance with the First Schedule. FINDINGS his capacity or conduct. The evidence does not show that the plaintiff committed any act of misconduct. Further, there is no evidence to show that if at all the plaintiff committed any such act of misconduct there was fair opportunity to defend himself. According to the evidence, the employment of the plaintiff was not terminated for valid reason connected with The next question is whether it was based on the operational requirements of the undertaking. The evidence of the plaintiff clearly shows that there were discussions between the plaintiff and the defendant touching on restructuring of the defendant company. The plaintiff, in my view, fully cooperated with having some misgivings. He accepted a post of Zone Manager for Karonga Branch — notwithstanding that he would be moving away from the city of Blantyre to go to the rural town of Karonga and in a position which appeared to be junior. The u-turn in the arrangement was the sudden dismissal of the plaintiff by the defendant on the 28th June 2001 by letter which reads as follows: the defendant despite his June 28, 2001 Mr Keith Banda Finca Malawi Private Bag 382 BLANTYRE. Dear Mr Banda, Re: Termination of Services Further to your letter of 19th June 2001 and the letter from the Ombudsman dated 20th June 2001, it is clear that you have turned down our offer for the post of Zone Manager. We therefore write to advise you that your services have been terminated on grounds of redundancy as already explained to you. Your terminal benefits will be paid to you immediately after you are through with the handover to the Internal Auditor by 29th June 2001. Arrangement will be made to process your pension benefits immediately and you will be paid accordingly. We take this opportunity to thank you for the period that you have been with us; and wish you all the best in your future endeavours. Yours sincerely, Ishtiaq Mohiuddin Managing Director, Finca-Malawi From this letter it is quite clear that there are other letters which the defendant ought to have produced to the court namely, the letter of 19th June 2001 from the plaintiff and the letter from the Ombudsman dated 20th June 2001. The defendant did not even list down these letters in its list of documents. The burden to prove that the plaintiff had turned down the offer of post Zone Manager was on is the the defendant and was not discharged. alternative plaintiff the that proved employment on 4th June 2001, albeit, with reluctance. This letter reads as follows: - To the contrary it accepted who had he PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 4th June 2001 Mr Ishtiag Mohiuddin Managing Director FINCA-MALAWI Private Bag 382 Blantyre. Dear Mr Mohiuddin, )RPORATE RESTR IRIN 1 refer to all correspondences as regards the above matter. where Firstly, and is underemployment, I feel compelled to choose the latter-hoping things will work out well in future. unemployment between choice the To this effect it is only reasonable that I spend sometime with the Acting Operations Manager and also participate in the various Induction programs as per attached schedule. lieu of Secondly, the Employment Act clearly states that in providing notice, the employer shall pay the employee a sum equal to_the remuneration that would have been received and confer on the employee all_other benefits due the employee up the expiration of the required period of notice; "in to 1 therefore attach a summary of my remuneration package for three months in lieu of notice in respect of the post of Human Resources Manager plus severance allowance for payment. Yours sincerely, KEITH BANDA The plaintiff also produced evidence to show that after his dismissal the defendant went ahead to advertise for position of Office Manager who would be responsible for running the administration functions of the company. The duties/jobs assigned to that office were not very different from what the plaintiff was doing before his employment was terminated. I have not doubtin my mind that the defendant terminated the employment of the plaintiff with a view to get rid of him and not because of any proposed restructuring of the organisation. I find this to be unfair dismissal. Remedies for unfair dismissal are provided for in section 63 as follows: - (1) If the court finds that an employee's complaint of unfair dismissal is well founded, it shall award the employee one or more of the following remedies - (a) an order for reinstatement whereby the employee is to be treated in all respects as if he had not been dismissed; (b) an order for re-engagement whereby the employee is to be engaged in work comparable to that in which he engaged prior other was reasonable suitable work from such date and on such terms of employment as may be specified in the order or agreed by the parties; and dismissal his or to ) 3) %) (c) an award of compensation as specified in subsection ). in deciding which remedy to award, first The court shall, consider the possibility of making an award of reinstatement or re-engagement, taking into account in particular the wishes of the employee and the circumstances in which the dismissal took place, including the extent, if any, to which the employee caused or contributed to the dismissal. finds court Where the the employee caused or that contributed to the dismissal to any extent, it may include a disciplinary penalty as a term of the order for reinstatement or re-engagement. An award of compensation shall be such amount as the court considers just and equitable in the circumstances having regard to the loss sustained by the employee in consequence of the dismissal in so as the loss is attributable to action taken by the employer and the extent, if any, to which the employee caused or contributed to the dismissal. (5) The amount to be awarded under subsection (4) shall not be Jess than - (a) (b) (c) one week's pay for each year of service for an employee who has served for not more than five years; two week's pay for each year of service for an employee who has served for more than five years but not more ten years; three week's pay for each year of service for an employee who has served for more than ten years but not more fifteen years; and (d) one month's pay for each year of service for an employee who has served for more than fifteen years, and an additional amount maybe awarded where dismissal was of the reasons set out in section 57 (3). based on any The plaintiff was paid terminal as shown in exhibit P14 as follows:- MR KEITH BANDA TERMINAL PAY 3 MONTHS NOTICE PAY LEAVE DAYS 2000/01 18DAYS HOUSING ALLOWANCE Total Amount Less tax Free element Taxable Amount Taxation Housing Advance 99,000.00 19,528.76 49,500.00 168,028.76 50,000.00 118,028.76 41,310.07 75,000.00 51,718.69 It is clear that the plaintiff was deprived of certain entitlement totalling his claimed K516,730.78. There is no evidence from the defendant to challenge these entitlements. statement of paragraph claim of in CONCLUSION From the foregoing it is the view of this court that the plaintiff was unfairly dismissed. However, the damages he would be entitled to be awarded would be limited to the total sum of unpaid terminal The payment of benefits which is K516,730.78 and I interest is discretional upon pleading as the plaintiff has done in the Amended Statement of Claim. I refuse to exercise my discretion. I plaintiff should have pursued his claim through the feel that the if Industrial District Labour Office dissatisfied with resolution of the District Labour Officer. Employees should not rush to court just for the sake of it when other institutions have been put in place under the law to deal with such claims. The and/or the so order. Relations Court, plaintiff's legal practitioners are awarded the collection charges of K77,509.62 and no more by way of legal costs. PRONOUNCED in open court this 18th day of August, 2004 at Blantyre. Chimasula Phiri JUDGE