UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGENDAKURIYO

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGENDAKURIYO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-12-10 - Case/document no.: RPA 00018/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGENDAKURIYO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPA 00018/2020/CA (Tugireyezu, P.J.) 10 Ukuboza 2021] Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu – Kuvana abantu mu gihugu ugamije kubacuruza – Kuba umuntu ujyanywe gucuruzwa atabariwe mu nzira, ataragezwa mu gihugu yari agiyemo, cyangwa yagombaga kugarukiramo aho azacururizwa ntibituma icyaha gihinduka ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza abantu ahubwo igikorwa kimwe muri ibi cyo kumushaka (recruitment), kumutwara (transportation) kwimura (transfer), gucumbikira (harbouring) cyangwa kwakira abantu (receipt of persons) kirahagije kuba kigize icyaha cyatsotsobwe cyo kugira uruhare mu kuvana abantu mu gihugu ugamije kubacuruza, Amasezerano y’inyongera ku masezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye agamije gukumira, kurwanya no guhana icuruzwa ry’abantu, by’umwihariko abagore n’abana, yashyiriweho umukono i Palermo mu Butaliyani ku wa 15/12/2000, yemejwe n’Iteka rya Perezida N° 163/01 ryo ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2002, Ingingo ya 31. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha byo mu rwego mpuzamahanga n’ibyaha birenga imbibi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye Ngendakuriyo ku cyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, buvuga ko yafatiwe ku mupaka w’Akanyaru uhuza u Rwanda n’u Burundi ashoreye abadamu bitwa Nimbona na Harerimana abajyanye muri Kenya, aho bari gukomereza bajya i Dubai.

Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwanzura ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka itanu n’ihazabu ya 6.000.000 Frw rumugabanyirije igihano kuko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje. Uregwa yajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire anenga Urugereko rw’urukiko Rukuru kuba rwarirengagije ko ibikorwa yakoze bigize ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha aregwa yahinduka agahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, aho kuba gucuruza abantu ngo kuko yafashwe atarageza abagore babiri yari atwaye muri Kenya ku wari wabamutumye, asaba ko yahanishwa igihano gito gishoboka ndetse akaba yanasubikirwa igihano gisigaye kugira ngo asange umuryango we, kuko yafunzwe afite abana b’imfubyi yareraga. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko kuba Urukiko rwarasobanuye impamvu uregwa atahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha mu gucuruza abantu, aho rwasobanuye ko ibikorwa byo kureshya Harerimana na Nimbona no kubafasha mu by’urugendo rwabo berekeza muri Kenya, byose byakozwe mu mugambi wo kubacuruza, bityo ibisabwa n’uregwa ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka ubwinjiracyaha bikaba nta shingiro bifite. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba umuntu ujyanywe gucuruzwa atabariwe mu nzira, ataragezwa mu gihugu yari agiyemo, cyangwa yagombaga kugarukiramo aho azacururizwa ntibituma icyaha

1 Trafficking in persons” shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation

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gihinduka ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza abantu ahubwo igikorwa kimwe muri ibi cyo kumushaka (recruitment), kumutwara (transportation) kwimura (transfer), gucumbikira (harbouring) cyangwa kwakira abantu (receipt of persons) kirahagije kuba kigize icyaha cyatsotsobwe cyo kugira uruhare mu kuvana abantu mu gihugu ugamije kubacuruza. Bityo nubwo abari bajyanywe bari bataragera aho bari bajyanywe uregwa ahamwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugira uruhare mu kuvana abantu mu gihugu hagamije kubacuruza aho kuba ubwinjiracyaha bw’icyo cyaha. Urubanza ruhindutse ku byerekeye icyaha gihama uregwa n’igihano agomba guhabwa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 263. Itegeko Ngenga N⁰ 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, Ingingo ya 250 n’iya 251. Amasezerano y’inyongera ku masezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye agamije gukumira, kurwanya no guhana icuruzwa ry’abantu, by’umwihariko abagore n’abana, yashyiriweho umukono i Palermo mu Butaliyani ku wa 15/11/2000, u Rwanda rukaba rwarayashyizeho umukono ku wa 26/09/2003, Ingingo ya 3. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs. Habimana Abdallah RPA 00021/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/07/2020. Ubushinjacyaha vs. Cadeau Walidi, RPA 00018/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/7/2020. People c. Lito Manalo Anunsencio

(Philippines), affaire pénale Nº 06-242304, 22 décembre 2009, Tribunal régional de première instance, circonscription judiciaire de la capitale nationale, Manille. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha byo mu rwego mpuzamahanga n’ibyaha birenga imbibi2 , Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye Ngendakuriyo Ladislas icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, buvuga ko yafatiwe ku mupaka wa Kanyaru uhuza u Rwanda n’u Burundi ku wa 21/07/2018, ashoreye abadamu bitwa Nimbona Jovith Esperance na Harerimana Sandrine abajyanye muri Kenya, aho bari gukomereza bajya i Dubai. [2] Ngendakuriyo Ladislas mu ibazwa rye yemeye icyaha aregwa, avuga ko Harerimana Sandrine na Nimbona Jovith Esperance bari kumwe, yari yabatumwe n’umudamu w’umunyakenyakazi yakoreraga witwa Jeanne, akaba yari kumuhemba amadorali ijana (100 $), kimwe n’andi magana abiri (200 $) yari amubereyemo yari guhita amwishyura.

2 Muri uru rubanza, harakoresha Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru mu gushaka kumvikanisha Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha byo mu rwego mpuzamahanga n’ibyaha birenga imbibe.

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[3] Mu rubanza nº RP 00041/2018/HC/HCCIC rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2018, Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze n’ubwo Ngendakuriyo Ladislas yiregura avuga ko nta ruhare afite mu icuruzwa ry’abagore yari avanye mu Burundi abajyanye muri Kenya, nk’uko yari yabisabwe n’uwo yita umukoresha we, nta shingiro iyi myiregurire ye yahabwa kuko yemera ko abo badamu yabafashije kubona ibyangombwa by’inzira, anabapimisha indwara ndetse anabasaba kutavuga ko bari kumwe, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko yari mu mugambi wo kubacuruza, cyane ko n’ubwo avuga ko yabatumwe n’uwitwa Jeanne w’umunyakenyakazi yakoreraga, nta bimenyetso yerekana by’uko yamukoreraga koko, ndetse ko n’ibijyanye n’urugendo rw’abo badamu byose ari we wabitanze. [4] Urwo Rukiko rwasanze Ngendakuriyo Ladislas atahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha mu gucuruza abantu nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bubisaba, mu gihe ibikorwa byo kureshya aba badamu no kubafasha mu by’urugendo rwabo berekeza Kenya, byose byakozwe mu mugambi wo kubacuruza, nk’uko ingingo ya 252 y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakoreshwaga icyaha gikorwa yabiteganyaga, rwanzura ko Ngendakuriyo Ladislas ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, rumugabanyiriza igihano kuko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka itanu n’ihazabu ya 6.000.000 Frw. [5] Ngendakuriyo Ladislas yajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire anenga

Urugereko rw’urukiko Rukuru kuba rwarirengagije ko ibikorwa yakoze bigize ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha aregwa yahinduka agahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, agahanishwa igihano gito gishoboka ndetse akaba yanasubikirwa igihano gisigaye kugira ngo asange umuryango we, kuko yafunzwe afite abana b’imfubyi yareraga anabishyurira ishuri kandi kugeza ubu akaba atazi uburyo babayeho. [6] Iburanisha ryabaye mu ruhame ku wa 02/11/2021, Ngendakuriyo Ladislas yitaba yunganiwe na Me Rusagara Faustin, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ndagijimana Charles, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw‘Igihugu. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA II.1. Kumenya niba Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze amakosa mu guhamya Ngendakuriyo Ladislas icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 252 aho gushingira ku ngingo ya 251 no kumenya niba yahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza abantu aho guhanirwa icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu. [7] Ngendakuriyo Ladislas na Me Rusagara Faustin umwunganira bavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, nyamara we ibikorwa yemera byari bigize icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha biteganywa mu ngingo ya 251 y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakoreshwaga ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga, bigashimangirwa n’imvugo ze zo mu Bushinjacyaha n’imbere y’Urukiko kuko yagiye yerekana uwo yarashyiriye abo bagore babiri. [8] Ngendakuriyo Ladislas na Me Rusagara Faustin umwunganira bavuga ko kuba Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru rwemera ko umugambi wo gukora icyaha waburijwemo bikwiye guhuzwa n’uko Ngendakuriyo Ladislas yemera koko yari ajyanye abo bagore babiri muri Kenya abashyiriye uwari umukoresha we bita Jeanne, bityo bikaba bigaragaza ko Urukiko rwivuguruje

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kuko mu gusesengura urubanza rwemeje ko ahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha, ariko mu kumuhana rukemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, basaba ko byakosorwa agahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha muri icyo cyaha. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ngendakuriyo Ladislas abazwa imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha ku itariki ya 22/7/2018 yemeye ko umunyakenyakazi witwa Jeanne yamutumye abakozi babiri amuha n’amafaranga yo kubashakira ibyangombwa by‘inzira, abashyira mu modoka arabamushyira kugira ngo nawe azabajyane Dubai, ibyo abikora ku gihembo cya 200$ kandi abatwara ntawe ubizi nk’uko byemezwa na Harerimana Sandrine, aho yavuze ko Ngendakuriyo yamushakiye Passport na Laissez Passer, amubikira Passport, anamubwira ko nibagera kuri Immigration y‘u Rwanda ku Kanyaru avuga ko nta wundi muntu bari kumwe mu modoka, bivuze ko Ngendakuriyo Ladislas abo bagore yari atwaye yari azi ko abajyanye gucuruzwa, akanga ko abantu babimenya. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko kuba mu iburanisha Ubushinjacyaha bwarasabye ko uregwa yahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza abantu ariko Urukiko ntirube ariko rubibona bitafatwa nko kwivuguruza, kuko mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza rujurirwa, Urukiko rwasobanuye impamvu Ngendakuriyo Ladislas atahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha mu gucuruza abantu, aho rwasobanuye ko ibikorwa byo kureshya Harerimana Sandrine na Nimbona Jovith Esperance no kubafasha mu by’urugendo rwabo berekeza muri Kenya, byose byakozwe mu mugambi wo kubacuruza, bityo ibisabwa na Ngendakuriyo Ladislas n’umwunganira ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka ubwinjiracyaha bikaba nta shingiro bifite.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya 250 y’Itegeko Ngenga n⁰ 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakurikizwaga ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga, iteganya ko icuruzwa ry’abantu ari "ibikorwa bihundura umuntu igicuruzwa bijyanye no gushakisha cyangwa kwimurira umuntu ahandi mu gihugu cyangwa mu mahanga hakoreshejwe uburiganya, ibikangisho, imbaraga cyangwa agahato, ububasha ubikora aba amufiteho, akenshi hagamijwe kumwangiriza ubuzima cyangwa kumubyaza inyungu zitemewe akoreshwa mu biterasoni, mu buraya, mu bikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko, mu bisa n’ubucakara, kumwica urubozo no kumukorera urugomo ndengakamere cyangwa kumukoresha imirimo yo mu rugo nk’umuja, hishingikirijwe intege nke umuntu afite zikomoka ku bibazo afitanye n’ubuyobozi, ku gutwita k’umugore wibana, indwara, ubumuga n’ibindi bibazo byatuma umuntu muzima akora icyo atatekerejeʺ. [12] Ingingo ya 251 y’Itegeko Ngenga n⁰ 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakurikizwaga ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga iteganya ko ʺ Umuntu wese ugira uruhare, ku buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, ari we cyangwa abicishije ku wundi, mu gutorokesha umuntu avanywe mu gihugu ajyanywe mu mahanga agamije kumucuruza: 1°akoresheje ubushukanyi, imbaraga, ibikangisho n’ubundi buryo bw’agahato; 2° yishingikirije ibibazo umuntu afitanye n’ubuyobozi, ubutabera, ubupfubyi, ubukene, kwibana, ubumenyi buke, imirimo ivunanye, umuryango w’indahekana, ibura ry’akazi, uburwayi, ubumuga bw’umubiri cyangwa bwo mu mutwe, icyuho mu itegeko n’ibindi byatuma umuntu muzima akora ibyo atatekereje, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mwaka umwe (1) kugeza ku myaka itatu (3) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) kugeza kuri miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw)”.

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[13] Ingingo ya 3 y’Amasezerano y’inyongera ku masezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye agamije gukumira, kurwanya no guhana icuruzwa ry’abantu, by’umwihariko abagore n’abana, yashyiriweho umukono i Palermo mu Butaliyani ku wa 15/11/2000, u Rwanda rukaba rwarayashyizeho umukono ku wa 26/09/2003 iteganya ko : « gucuruza abantu bisobanura gushaka, gutwara, kwimura, gucumbikira cyangwa kwakira abantu, hakoreshejwe ibikangisho, ingufu cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo guhatira, bwo gushimuta, uburiganya, gukoresha nabi ububasha cyangwa gushingira ku ntege nke z’umuntu cyangwa gutanga cyangwa kwakira ubwishyu cyangwa inyungu kugira ngo ugere ku bwumvikane bw’umuntu ufite kugenzura undi muntu, agamije kubikoresha ». [14] Ikibazo nyamuru kigomba gusuzumwa muri iyi ngingo ni ukumenya niba Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze amakosa mu guhamya Ngendakuriyo Ladislas icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 252 aho gushingira ku ngingo ya 251 no kumenya niba yahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza abantu aho guhanirwa icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu. [15] Urubanza n° RP 00041/2018/HC/HCCIC rujuirirwa, mu gika cya 16 bigaragara ko, mu guhamya no guhanira Ngendakuriyo Ladislas ibikorwa aregwa, Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 252 y’Itegeko Ngenga n֯ 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 2/5/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ruvuga ko uregwa atahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha mu gucuruza

abantu nk’uko ubushinjacyaha bubisaba, mu gihe ibikorwa byo kureshya aba badamu no kubafasha mu by’urugendo rwabo berekeza muri Kenya, byose byakozwe mu mugambi wo kubacuruza, nk’uko ingingo ya 252 y’Itegeko Ngenga ryavuzwe ryahanaga iki cyaha ibiteganya, kuko kuba aba badamu batarageze muri Kenya cyangwa Dubai, bitavuze ko ibikorwa by’uregwa bitatsotsobwe, cyane ko ibikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro aba badamu babacuruza, atari we wari kubibakoresha. [16] Dosiye igaragaza ko Ngendakuriyo Ladislas mu ibazwa rye mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha aregwa, avuga ko Harerimana Sandrine na Nimbona Jovith Esperance yafashwe bari kumwe, yari yabatumwe n’umudamu w’umunyakenyakazi yakoreraga witwa Jeanne, akaba yari kumuhemba amadorali ijana (100 $), kimwe n’andi magana abiri (200 $) yari amubereyemo yari guhita amwishyura naho Harerimana Sandrine akaba yaragaragaje ko Ngendakuriyo Ladislas ari we wamushakishije, amwizeza ko yamuboneye akazi muri Kenya (recrutement), akamushakira Passport ndetse akanabishyurira urugendo (transport). [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga iyo ngingo ya 252 yashingiweho n’Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru iteganya ko ‘’ Umuntu wese utwara cyangwa utuma batwara, ufata cyangwa ufatisha, ufunga cyangwa ufungisha, utunda cyangwa utundisha abantu abo ari bo bose, agamije kubahindura abacakara cyangwa kubagurishiriza kuba abacakara, kubagira abasabirizi ku gahato, kubabera

umubyeyi utarababyaye mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko hakoreshejwe ikiguzi kubakoresha mu mashusho y’urukozasoni, mu masiporo ateye ubwoba, kubashora mu ntambara, kubana na bo nk’umugore n’umugabo hagamijwe iyicarubozo cyangwa icuruzwa ry’ingingo z’imibiri yabo, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku myaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000)’’. Igika cya kabiri cy’iyo ngingo giteganya ko ‘’Iyo ibyo bikorwa bivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki bikozwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, uwabikoze ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka icumi (10) kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000)’’.

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[18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo ya 252 byumvikanisha ko mu guhamya icyo cyaha ukurikiranywe, Urukiko rugomba kugaragaza byanze bikunze ko yakoreye undi muntu ibikorwa biyivugwamo, agamije nibura kimwe muri ibi: kumuhindura umucakara cyangwa kumugurishiriza kuba umucakara, kumugira umusabirizi ku gahato, kumubera umubyeyi utaramubyaye mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko hakoreshejwe ikiguzi, kumukoresha mu mashusho y’urukozasoni, mu masiporo ateye ubwoba, kumushora mu ntambara, kubana na we nk’umugore n’umugabo hagamijwe iyicarubozo cyangwa icuruzwa ry’ingingo z’imibiri ye. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nyamara Ubushinjacyaha, uretse kuvuga ko Ngendakuriyo Ladislas yashakaga gucuruza Harerimana Sandrine na Nimbona Jovith Esperance mu rwego rwo kubakoresha bimwe muri ibyo bikorwa biteganywa n’ingingo ya 252, rutagaragaje ubushake bwihariye buyivugwamo bwagaragajwe mu gace kabanziriza aka, bugomba kujyana n’ibikorwa byo gutwara cyangwa gutuma batwara, gufata cyangwa gufatisha, gufunga cyangwa gufungisha, gutunda cyangwa gutundisha undi muntu hagamijwe nibura kimwe muri ibi: kumuhindura umucakara cyangwa kumugurishiriza kuba umucakara, kumugira umusabirizi ku gahato, kumubera umubyeyi utaramubyaye mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko hakoreshejwe ikiguzi, kumukoresha mu mashusho y’urukozasoni, mu masiporo ateye ubwoba, kumushora mu ntambara, kubana na we

nk’umugore n’umugabo hagamijwe iyicarubozo cyangwa icuruzwa ry’ingingo z’imibiri ye, bityo Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rutaragombaga gushingira ku ngingo ya 252 yavuzwe haruguru mu guhamya Ngendakuriyo Ladislas icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ahubwo kuba Ngendakuriyo Ladislas yemera ko yagize uruhare mu gushaka kwimurira Harerimana Sandrine na Nimbona Jovith Esperance mu mahanga, akoresheje uburiganya cyangwa ubushukanyi kandi yari agamije kubacuruza bigize bigize icyaha cyo kugira uruhare mu kuvana abantu mu gihugu agamije kubacuruza giteganywa kandi gihanwa n’ingingo ya 251, igika cya mbere, agace ka 2º y’Itegeko Ngenga n⁰ 01/2012/OL ryavuzwe haruguru n’ubwo muri icyo gika bakoresheje ijambo ‘’gutorokesha’’. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ijambo ‘’gutorokesha’’ ryakoreshejwe mu ngingo ya 251, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko Ngenga n֯ 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 2/5/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, rigomba kureberwa hamwe n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 2503 hamwe n’ingingo ya 251 z’iryo Tegeko Ngenga mu rurimi w’icyongereza n’urw’igifaransa4 , aho Umushingamategeko yakoresheje ijambo “kwimurira” asobanura igikorwa kigize icyaha cyo gucuruza umuntu, mu kumuvana mu Rwanda, ajyanywe mu mahanga, bivuze ko ijambo “gutorokesha’’ rigomba kumvwa nko ‘’kwimurira’’ cyangwa ‘’gutunda’’ umuntu avanywe mu Rwanda, ajyanywe mu mahanga hagamijwe kumucuruza, kubw’ibyo ingingo ya 251, igika cya mbere, agace ka 2º akaba ariyo igomba gukoreshwa mu guhamya Ngendakuriyo Ladislas icyaha aregwa no kumuhana. Iki gitekerezo ni nacyo cyagendeweho mu manza n° RPA 00021/2019/CA na n° RPA 00018/2019/CA zaciwe

3 Ingingo ya 250, igika cya mbere, agace ka mbere, y’Itegeko Ngenga n֯ 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 2/5/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ‘’ Icuruzwa ry’abantu ni ibikorwa bihindura umuntu igicuruzwa bijyanye no gushakisha cyangwa kwimurira umuntu ahandi mu gihugu cyangwa mu mahanga hakoreshejwe [………]’’. 4 Mu gifaransa, ingingo ya 251, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko Ngenga n֯ 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 2/5/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga ko ‘’ Toute personne qui joue un rôle de quelque manière que ce soit, soit directement ou par personne interposée, à envoyer hors du Rwanda une personne en vue de la soumettre à la traite […]’’. Mu cyongereza, iyo ngingo ivuga iti : ‘’ Any person who participates in any way, personally or through an intermediary, in trafficking a person out of Rwanda to a foreing country by [….]’’.

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n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubwo urwo Rukiko rwashingiraga ku ngingo ya 251 aho gushingira ku ya 252 mu guhamya abari bakurikiranyweho ibyaha ku bikorwa bisa nk’ibivugwa muri uru rubanza5. [22] Ku birebana n’imiburanire ya Ngendakuriyo Ladislas aho asaba Urukiko kumuhamya cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu aho kuba gucuruza abantu ngo kuko yafashwe atarageza abo bagore babiri yari atwaye muri Kenya ku wari wabamutumye,Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ingingo ya 3 y’Amasezerano y’inyongera ku masezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye agamije gukumira, kurwanya no guhana icuruzwa ry’abantu, by’umwihariko abagore n’abana, yashyiriweho umukono i Palermo mu Butaliyani ku wa 15/12/2000, akaba yaremejwe n’Iteka rya Perezida n° 163/01 ryo ku wa 31 Ukuboza 20026 bihagije kuba wakoze kimwe muri ibi bikorwa byo gushaka, gutwara, kwimura, gucumbikira cyangwa kwakira abantu kugira ngo uhamywe icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu aho kuba ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza abantu kuko iyo ngingo iteganya ko gucuruza abantu bisobanura gushaka, gutwara, kwimura, gucumbikira cyangwa kwakira abantu, hakoreshejwe ibikangisho, ingufu cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo guhatira, bwo gushimuta, uburiganya, gukoresha nabi ububasha cyangwa gushingira ku ntege nke z’umuntu cyangwa gutanga cyangwa kwakira ubwishyu cyangwa inyungu kugira ngo ugere ku bwumvikane bw’umuntu ufite kugenzura undi muntu, agamije kubikoresha, kubw’ibyo

rero Ngendakuriyo Ladislas akaba atahamwa ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza abantu kuko icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu cyari cyamaze gutsotsobwa bigaragazwa n’uko yari yamaze gukora ibikorwa byo gushaka (recrutement) Harerimana Sandrine na Nimbona Jovith Esperance ubwo yabakanguriraga kujyanwa muri Kenya ndetse akanabafasha mu by’urugendo rwabo berekeza Kenya (transport) kugeza ubwo yafatirwaga ku mupaka w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi kabone n’ubwo yari atarabageza muri Kenya cyangwa Dubai aho berekezaga. Iki gitekerezo ni nacyo cyagendeweho mu rubanza People c. Lito Manalo Anunsencio (Philippines)7 aho Urukiko rwahamije uregwa icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu aho kuba ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza abantu n’ubwo umwana wari ugiye gucuruzwa yatabariwe ku bwato yari yajyanyweho aho yari ategerejwe gutangira gukoreshwa ibikorwa by’ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina. [23] Ku birebana n’imiburanire ya Ngendakuriyo Ladislas aho avuga ko Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru rwivuguruje mu gusesengura icyaha rukavuga ko icyaha yakoze ari ubwinjiracyaha nyamara mu kumuhana rukemeza ko ahamwa no gucuruza abantu, agasaba ko byakosorwa

5 Reba urubanza n° RPA 00021/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/07/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habimana Abdallah, urubanza n° RPA 00018/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/7/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cadeau Walidi. 6 Trafficking in persons” shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. 7 People c. Lito Manalo Anunsencio (Philippines), affaire pénale Nº 06-242304, 22 décembre 2009, Tribunal régional de première instance, circonscription judiciaire de la capitale nationale, Manille. L’affaire est présentée dans la base de données de jurisprudence de l’ONUDC sur la traite des personnes (référence ONUDC no PHL020). L’affaire People c. Lito Manalo (Philippines) porte sur une condamnation pour recrutement et transport d’une mineure aux fins d’exploitation sexuelle. La victime mineure, qui avait été emmenée sur un bateau pour y être exploitée sexuellement, avait été secourue avant que cette exploitation n’eut commencé. De surcroît, elle n’avait pas témoigné, s’étant échappée du foyer où elle avait été accueillie par une ONG. Néanmoins, l’accusé a été reconnu coupable d’infraction de traite à part entière, non de simple tentative. Le tribunal a conclu qu’il ne faisait aucun doute que l’accusé avait recruté la victime à des fins de prostitution

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agahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha muri icyo cyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga iyo miburanire nta shingiro ifite kuko mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa bigaragara neza ko Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru mu isesengura rwakozwe, rwemeje ko Ngendakuriyo Ladislas ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu ndetse ruba ari nacyo rumuhanira, bityo akaba nta kwivuguruza kwabayeho aho rwavuze ko rusanga atahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha mu gucuruza abantu nk’uko ubushinjacyaha bubisaba, mu gihe ibikorwa byo kureshya aba badamu no kubafasha mu by’urugendo rwabo berekeza Kenya, byose byakozwe mu mugambi wo kubacuruza, nk’uko ingingo ya 252 y’itegeko Ngenga ryavuzwe ryahanaga iki cyaha ibiteganya, kuko kuba aba badamu batarageze Kenya cyangwa Dubai, bitavuze ko ibikorwa by’uregwa bitatsotsobwe. [24] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa mu guhana Ngendakuriyo Ladislas rushingiye ku ngingo ya 252 kuko ahubwo rwagombaga gushingira ku ngingo ya 251 y’Itegeko Ngenga n֯ 01/2012/OL ryavuzwe haruguru, bityo iryo kosa rikaba rigomba gukosorwa kuri uru rwego maze Ngendakuriyo Ladislas agahanwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 251 y’iryo Tegeko Ngenga. Rurasanga ariko icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu cyari cyamaze gutsotsobwa n’ubwo abo bagore yari ajyanye bari bataragera muri Kenya cyangwa Dubai, bityo akaba ahamijwe icyaha cyo kugira uruhare mu kuvana

abantu mu gihugu hagamije kubacuruza giteganywa n’ingingo ya 251 aho kuba ubwinjiracyaha bw’icyo cyaha. II.2. Kumenya niba Ngendakuriyo Ladislas yahanishwa igihano gito gishoboka, kikanasubikwa. [25] Ngendakuriyo Ladislas na Me Rusagara Innocent umwunganira basaba Urukiko gushingira ku ngingo ya 77 igika cya 1, 3 n’icya 4 z’Itegeko nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, Ngendakuriyo Ladislas agahanishwa igihano gito gishoboka ndetse akaba yanasubikirwa igihano gisigaye kugira ngo asange umuryango we kuko yafunzwe afite abana b’imfubyi yareraga anabishyurira ishuri kugeza ubu akaba atazi uburyo babayeho, ikindi avuga ko igihano kinini giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yakoze giteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 251 y’Itegeko Ngenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryavuzwe haruguru yakirirangije, ko bityo Urukiko rugomba gutegeka ko afungurwa. [26] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibisabwa na Ngendakuriyo Ladislas y’uko yahanishwa igihano gito yamaze kubihabwa kuko yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka itanu ( 5 ans), naho ibijyanye no gusubikirwa igihano akaba nta mpamvu ifatika abitangira kuko umuryango ashaka kujya kwitaho yagombaga kuwutekerezaho mbere yo gukora icyaha maze akirinda n’ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze ntiziwugereho, asoza asaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe mu rwego guca intege n’abandi bantu baba bashaka gucuruza abantu kuko umuntu adakwiye gucuruzwa.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[27] Ingingo ya 251 y’Itegeko Ngenga n֯ 01/2012/OL ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ʺ Umuntu wese ugira uruhare, ku buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, ari we cyangwa abicishije ku wundi, mu gutorokesha umuntu avanywe mu gihugu ajyanywe mu mahanga agamije kumucuruza: 1°akoresheje ubushukanyi, imbaraga, ibikangisho n’ubundi buryo bw’agahato; 2° yishingikirije ibibazo umuntu afitanye n’ubuyobozi ubutabera, ubupfubyi, ubukene, kwibana, ubumenyi buke, imirimo ivunanye, umuryango w’indahekana, ibura ry’akazi, uburwayi, ubumuga bw’umubiri cyangwa bwo mu mutwe, icyuho mu itegeko n’ibindi byatuma umuntu muzima akora ibyo atatekereje, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mwaka umwe (1) kugeza ku myaka itatu (3) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) kugeza kuri miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw)”. [28] Ikibazo nyamukuru kigomba gusuzumwa muri iyi ngingo ni igabanyagihano n’isubikagihano. [29] Mu rubanza n° RP 00041/2018/HC/HCCIC rujurirwa, igika cya 15 n’icya 16 bigaragara ko Ngendakuriyo Ladislas yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000Frw) hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 252 y’Itegeko Ngenga ryavuzwe haruguru. [30] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 22 n’icya 24 cy’uru rubanza, Ngendakuriyo Ladislas agomba guhanwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 251 y’Itegeko Ngenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe

haruguru iteganya igihano kuva ku mwaka umwe (1) kugeza ku myaka itatu (3) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) kugeza kuri miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw), ku bw’ibyo akaba atahabwa igihango gito giteganywa n’iyo ngingo nk’uko abisaba kuko yakoze icyaha gikomeye, agamije guhindura Harerimana Sandrine na Nimbona Jovith Esperance ibicuruzwa, ashaka kubimura mu mahanga hakoresheje uburiganya, rukaba ahubwo rumuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 Frw), ari nacyo kinini gishoboka giteganywa mu ngingo ya 251 yavuzwe haruguru. [31] Ku birebana n’imiburanire ya Ngendakuriyo Ladislas aho asaba guhita afungurwa kuko igihano kinini giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yakoze ubwo yajuriraga yari yaramaze kugikora cyose kuko amaze imyaka itatu afunze, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga koko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 263 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko ibihe bibarwa mu mezi no mu myaka, bibarwa bahereye ku munsi wa mbere bikarangirana n’umunsi ubanziriza uwa nyuma, kuba Ngendakuriyo Ladislas yarafunzwe ku wa 22/07/2018, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandikomvugo y’ifunga rye, agomba kurekurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa kuko yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 Frw), kandi icyo gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) kikaba cyarangiye ku wa 21/07/2021. [32] Ku birebana n’isubikwa ry’igihano Ngendakuriyo Ladislas asaba guhabwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rutakwirirwa rubisuzuma kuko igihano yahanishijwe n’uru Rukiko yamaze kukirangiza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

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[33] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ngendakuriyo Ladislas bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [34] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza nº RP 00041/2018/HC/HCCI rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha byo mu rwego mpuzamahanga n’ibyaha byambuka imbibi ku wa 20/12/2018 ihindutse ku byerekeye icyaha gihama Ngendakuriyo Ladislas n’igihano agomba guhabwa ; [35] Rwemeje ko Ngendakuriyo Ladislas ahamijwe icyaha cyo kugira uruhare mu kuvana umuntu mu gihugu agamije kumucuruza, giteganywa n’ingingo ya 251 y’Itegeko Ngenga n֯ 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 2/5/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ; [36] Rumuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 Frw) ; [37] Rutegetse ko Ngendakuriyo Ladislas ahita afungurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa kuko igihano cye yakirangije ; [38] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.