AB BANK RWANDA PLC v. EDECON CONSULTANTS LTD

# AB BANK RWANDA PLC v. EDECON CONSULTANTS LTD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-21 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00086/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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AB BANK RWANDA PLC v. EDECON CONSULTANTS LTD [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00086/2024/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 21 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’Inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Ubujurire bwa Kabiri – Gutsindwa mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe – Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere arizo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd na AB BANK Rwanda Plc bagiranye amasezerano yo kwikiranura ku mwenda EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd yaribereyemo iyo Banki, impande zombi zumvikana ko uwo mwenda ungana na 85.038.281,23 Frw kandi uzishyurwa mu byiciro 6, zinumvikana ko uwishyuzwa nananirwa kwishyura ku neza hazakoreshwa inzira yo kwishyura ku ngufu. Ayo masezerano ntiyubahirijwe bituma EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd irega AB BANK RWANDA Plc mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko kwemeza ko umwenda ibereyemo iyo Banki ungana na 85.038.281,23 Frw aho kuba 165.679.293,34 Frw iyishyuza. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko AB BANK RWANDA Plc yishyuje EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd amafaranga y’umurengera angana na 80.641.012 Frw ku uryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rutegeka ko iyasubiza ndetse n’inyungu zayo, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. AB BANK RWANDA Plc yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko amafaranga yishyuje EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd akurikije amategeko, isaba ko inyungu, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, igihembo cya Avoka byakurwaho. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujuruzi. AB BANK RWANDA Plc yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruburanishwa hasuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd ishingiye ku kuba AB BANK RWANDA Plc yaratsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe kuko icyaburanwaga ari umwenda w’amafaranga ungana na 85.038.281,23 Frw ariko AB BANK RWANDA PLc ikaba itarubahirije yo kwikiranura kuri uwo mwenda, ikayarengaho ikishyuza 165.679.293,34 Frw. Inkiko zombi (Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi) zikaba zaremeje ko umwenda ugomba kwishyurwa ari 85.038.281 Frw. AB BANK RWANDA Plc yireguye kuri iyi nzitizi ivuga ko idakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko Urukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi rwakoporoye urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ubucuruzi, ibyo ikabishingiraho ivuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bukwiye kwakirwa kuko Urukiko rwajuririwe ubwo bujurire bwa kabiri ntaho rwahera rugereranya imitekerereze y’Inkiko zombi ngo rwemeze ko zafashe ibyemezo zishingiye ku mpamvu zimwe kandi impamvu zaratanzwe gusa n’Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere. Ishingira ku murongo wo mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2020/SC, haburana TWAGIRAYEZU N’ABANDI rwaciwe ku wa 25 Kamena 2021 uvuga ko “Mu gihe Urukiko rwajuririwe rwakoporoye ijambo ku rindi nta na gito rusize cyangwa

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ruhinduye ku bisobanuro byatanzwe mu rubanza rwari rwajuririwe kandi ntaho rwabanje kuvuga ko rwemeranya na rwo, ntibyafatwa ko Urukiko rwajuririwe hari impamvu zarwo rwatangiye icyemezo rwafashe. EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd ivuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi rutakoporoye urubanza, ahubwo rwavuze ko rwemeranya n’isesengura ryakozwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ndetse rwashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe n’izashingiweho mu rubanza rwo ku rwego rwa mbere. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere arizo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Inzitizi ifite ishingiro. AMagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC; Road Solutions Pavement Products vs MAIL CO Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 29/9/2020. RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC; SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc vs UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA (UR) rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020. RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC; Road Solution Pavement Products vs MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020. RCOMAA 0048/16/CS; RRA vs SODAR Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/05/2017. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y′URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 27/10/2021 EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd yagiranye na AB BANK Rwanda Plc, amasezerano yo kwikiranura ku kibazo cy’umwenda wishyuzwaga yari ifitiye iyo Banki n’inyungu zawo. Mu gika cya 1.2.1 cy’ayo masezerano impande zombi zumvikanye ko umwenda wose ugomba kwishyurwa ari 85.038.281,23 Frw, mu gika cya 1.2.2 impande zombi zemeranywa ko uyu mwenda uzishyurwa mu byiciro bitandatu (6), bibazwe guhera ku wa 25/11/2021 kugeza ku wa 25/04/2022, buri kwezi hishyurwa 14.173.046,87 Frw, mu gika cya 3, impande zombi zikemeranya ko ufite umwenda nananirwa kuwishyura wose uko wumvikanyweho habariwemo inyungu ndetse n’imirimo y’inyongera, byose hamwe bingana na 85.038.261,23 Frw, hazakoreshwa inzira yo kwishyuza ku ngufu, naho mu ngingo ya 4 y’ayo masezerano, impande zombi zemeranwa ko ayo masezerano asimbura andi yose yabayeho hagati yazo.

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[2] EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd ivuga ko AB BANK RWANDA Plc itubahirije amasezerano yo ku wa 27/10/2021, ikayishyuza umwenda ungana na 165.679.293,34 Frw, kandi muri ayo masezerano yo kwikiranura nta na hamwe impande zombi zigeze ziteganya inyungu, ahubwo zumvikanye ko umwenda wa 85.038.261,23 Frw ari wo uzishyuzwa ku ngufu mu gihe yaba inaniwe kwishyura. Ariko ko yemeye kwishyura ayo mafaranga yishyujwe y’umurengera adafite aho ashingiye kuko hari hagiye gutezwa cyamunara imitungo yayo kugira ngo iwuramire. [3] EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd yareze AB BANK RWANDA Plc mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi irusaba kwemeza ko umwenda yagombaga kuyishyura ari 85.058.281 Frw, gutegeka ko isubizwa amafaranga angana na 80.641.012 Frw arenga ku yo yagombaga kwishyuzwa, gutegeka ko yishyurwa inyungu za 1.5% ku kwezi zibariwe ku mafaranga 80.641.012 Frw yishyujwe itaragombaga kuyishyuzwa, gutegeka irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo ku mafaranga yasubizwa angana na 80.641.012 Frw ngo kuko iri mu gihombo gikabije kandi gikomeye, gutegeka ko yishyurwa igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 500.000 Frw, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 300.000 Frw no gusubizwa amafaranga yishyuye umuhanga wabaze umwenda angana na 1.500.000 Frw. [4] AB BANK RWANDA Plc yireguye ivuga ko hakwiye kubahirizwa ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 3 igika cya 7 y’amasezerano yo kwikiranura yo ku wa 27/10/2021, iteganya ko EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd niramuka itishyuye mu buryo ayo masezerano ateganya, izishyura n’ibihano, ikishyura umwenda remezo ikongeraho n’inyungu zingana na 85.058.281 Frw. Kandi ko mbere y’uko ayo masezerano yo kwikiranura akorwa EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd yishyuzwaga umwenda ungana na 345.568.634 Frw, akubiyemo umwenda remezo wa 82.839.646 Frw, inyungu zisanzwe zingana na 2.198.634 Frw n’inyungu z’ubukererwe zingana na 260.530.692 Frw. [5] Mu rubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC rwaciwe ku wa 26/03/2024, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ikirego cya EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd gifite ishingiro, ko EDECON Consultants Ltd yishyujwe na AB BANK RWANDA Plc umwenda ungana na 165.679.293,34 Frw mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amasezerano yo kwikiranura bagiranye ku wa 27/10/2021, iyishyuza amafaranga y’umurengera angana na 80.641.012 Frw, ko AB BANK RWANDA Plc isubiza EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd amafaranga yayishyuje y’umurengera, yayishyuje binyuranye n’amategeko, angana na 80.641.012 Frw, kuyishyura inyungu zayo zingana na 3.479.435 Frw, kuyishyura amafaranga 800.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza, kuyisubiza amafaranga angana na 1.500.000 Frw yishyuye umuhanga wabaze umwenda, no kuyisubiza amafaranga 20.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama, yose hamwe ikayishyura 86.440.447 Frw. [6] AB BANK RWANDA Plc yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, inenga ko mu rubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga kwemeza ko AB BANK RWANDA Plc isubiza EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd amafaranga angana na 85.038.281 Frw, kuko ayo yishyuye akurikije amategeko ndetse n’amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye, ko rutagombaga gusuzuma ibibazo byatanzwe na EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd nyuma y’inama ntegurarubanza, ko AB BANK RWANDA Plc itari ikwiye gutegekwa kwishyura EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd inyungu zingana na 3.479.435 Frw ko kandi amafaranga y’umuhanga, igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza AB BANK RWANDA Plc yategetswe kwishyura EDECON

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CONSULTANTS Ltd nta shingiro afite. Mu gusoza, yasabye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [7] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rutari rukwiye kwemeza ko AB BANK Rwanda Plc isubiza EDECON Consultants Ltd amafaranga angana na 80.641.012 Frw kuko ayo yishyuye akurikije amategeko ndetse n’amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye, EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd yabyireguyeho ivuga ko ubujurire bwa AB Bank Rwanda Plc nta shingiro bufite, ngo kuko mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC rwajuririwe, Urukiko rwasobanuye neza ko umwenda wagombaga kwishyurwa ari 85.038.281 Frw, nk'uko bikubiye mu ngingo ya 1.2.1.y'amasezerano yo kwikiranura, kandi ko mu bika bya 13, 14 na 15 Urukiko rwasobanuye neza ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 3 igika cya 7, ko umwenda wongeyeho inyungu n’andi mafaranga y’inyongera, bihwanye na 85.038.281 Frw, ushobora guhita wishyuzwa kandi uberewemo umwenda akagira uburenganzira bwo gukomeza inzira yo kwishyuza binyuze muri cyamunara, iyo nzira ya cyamunara itavamo ubwishyu bwose bw’umwenda ukishyuzwa binyuze mu nzira y’Inkiko. Bityo ko ibyo AB Bank Rwanda Plc ivuga ko Urukiko rwumvise nabi amasezerano atari byo, ngo kuko amasezerano asobanutse ku buryo buri wese yayumva, kandi ko n'umuhanga yabisobanuye akanagaragaza ko hishyuwe umurengera. [8] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rutaragombaga gusuzuma ibibazo byatanzwe na EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd nyuma y’inama ntegurarubanza, iyi yabyireguyeho ivuga ko ku ngingo irebana n'ishyirwaho ry'umuhanga, uretse no kuba umuburanyi yabisaba, n'Urukiko ubwarwo rushobora kubyibwiriza bitewe n'imiterere y'urubanza ndetse n'imiburanire y'ababuranyi, bityo ko nyuma yo kwumva ababuranyi bombi Urukiko rwasanze ari ngombwa ko hajyaho umuhanga kandi inama ntegurarubanza ikaba yari yararangiye. Ku birebana n'ingingo yo gusuzuma niba amasezerano yo ku wa 02/10/2021 hari aho ateganya inyungu, ivuga ko atari ingingo nshya, ahubwo ari inyongera ku byasabwe kuko ari cyo cyaregewe, ko ku zindi ngingo zirebana no gusubiza amafaranga arengaho n'inyungu zayo, ari ingaruka z'icyemejwe n’Urukiko. [9] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba AB Bank Rwanda Plc itari ikwiye gutegekwa kwishyura EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd inyungu zingana na 3.479.435 Frw, EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd yireguye ivuga ko ibyo AB Bank Rwanda Plc ivuga nta shingiro bifite, ko inyungu zagenwe zifite ishingiro kuko yarenze ku ibaruwa yiyandikiye igaragaza ko ingano y'umwenda igomba kwemezwa n'urubanza rwajuririwe, igatangiza za cyamunara igamije kuyihombya. [10] Ku byerekeye kumenya niba amafaranga y’umuhanga, igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza AB Bank Rwanda Plc ivuga ko yategetswe kuyishyura, ivuga ko nta shingiro afite, ngo kuko umuhanga yashyizweho kugira ngo agaragaze ukuri kandi impande zombi yazigezeho akanakora rapport, kandi ko AB Bank Rwanda Plc mu bujurire bwayo ntacyo inenga iyo raporo, kandi ko ibijyanye n'amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza n'igihembo cya Avoka na byo bidashidikanywaho, ngo kuko byishyurwa n'utsinzwe urubanza. Mu gusoza, isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [11] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00240/2024/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 31/10/2024 Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa AB Bank Rwanda Plc nta shingiro bufite, ko igomba kwishyura EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd amafaranga angana na 80.641.012 Frw yayishyuje binyuranye n’amategeko, n’inyungu zayo zingana na 3.479.435 Frw; ko AB Bank Rwanda Plc yishyura EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd amafaranga 300.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka mu

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bujurire, yiyongera ku mafaranga 800.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza, ko yishyura 1.500.000 Frw yishyuye umuhanga n’amafaranga, ibihumbi makumyabiri 20.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama, nk’uko yemejwe ku rwego rwa mbere, ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 26/03/2024 idahindutse. [12] Ku wa 21/11/2024 14:43 AB Bank Rwanda Plc yajuririye urubanza RCOMA 00240/2024/HCC mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00086/2024/CA. [13] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku wa 05/03/2025, AB BANK RWANDA Plc ihagarariwe na Me Ndayisenga Jean Claude naho EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Murera Paulin, hasuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yo kumenya niba AB BANK RWANDA Plc yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje. Urukiko rutangaza ko ruzaca urubanza ku wa 21/03/2025. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO

Kumenya niba AB BANK RWANDA Plc yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe [14] Me Murera Paulin uhagarariye EDECON Consultants Ltd, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 52 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko1, atanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko kuko AB Bank Rwanda Plc yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, aho zose zasuzumye ikibazo kirebana no kwemeza umwenda nyakuri EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd igomba kwishyura AB.BANK RWANDA Plc, maze zigasanga yaragombaga kwishyura gusa 85.038.281 Frw zishingiye ku masezerano yo kwikiranura impande zombi zagiranye ku wa 27/10/2021, cyane cyane ku bikubiye mu ngingo za 1.2.1 , iya 3 igika cya 7 na n’iya 4 z’ayo amasezerano. [15] Asobanura ko mu isesengura Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC, rwasanze ingingo ya 1.2.1 y’amasezerano yo kwikiranura yo ku wa 27/10/2021 igira iti : ʺSettlement of the claim insofar as it relates to payment of Eightfive million thirty -eight thousand two hundred eight one Rwandan francs(85.038.281) by Debitor to Creditor, as a full and final settlement of any claim which Debitor owes to Creditor in relation to the matter hereunder", igaragaza neza ko amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa angana na 85.038.281 Frw ku buryo bwuzuye, kandi burangiza burundu ikibazo cy’amafaranga uwari urimo umwenda abereyemo nyir’umwenda (en règlement intégral et définitif de toute réclamation que le Débiteur doit au créancier ). Ko mu gika cya 13, icya 14 ahanditse [4], icya 15 ahanditse [5], icya 16 ahanditse [6] n’icya 17 ahanditse [7], Urukiko rwasesenguye ingingo ya 3 igika cya 7 y’amasezerano yo kwikiranura yo ku wa 27/10/2021 rugasanga iyi ngingo ivuga ko umwenda wongeyeho inyungu n’andi mafaranga y’inyongera bihwanye na 85.038.281 Frw ushobora guhita

1 Iyo ngingo ya 52 iteganya ibi bikurikira: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”.

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wishyuzwa kandi uberewemo umwenda akagira uburenganzira bwo gukomeza inzira yo kwishyuza binyuze muri cyamunara, kandi iyo nzira ya cyamunara itavamo ubwishyu bwose bw’umwenda, umwenda ukishyuzwa binyuze mu nzira y’Inkiko. Kandi ko rwanavuze ko iyi ngingo ntaho ivuga ko EDECON CONSULTANT Ltd nitishyura amafaranga angana na 85.038.281 Frw avugwa mu masezerano izanishyura inyungu zingana n’aya mafaranga, nk’uko yabisobanuraga mu miburanire yayo. [16] Me Murera Paulin asobanura kandi ko muri ibyo bika Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko ingingo ya 1.2.1 yavuzwe haruguru ihamya ku buryo budasubirwaho kandi butomoye ko umwenda ugomba kwishyurwa ari 85.038.281 Frw, kandi ko yuzuzanya n’ingingo ya 3 igika cya 7. Ko ingingo ya AB BANK RWANDA PLC y’uko kuba EDECON CONSULTANT Ltd itarubahirije amasezerano yo ku wa 27/10/2021 yo kwikiranura bisobanuye ko ntacyahindutse ku masezerano y’inguzanyo ya mbere yo ku wa 22/8/2018 ya 131.000.000 Frw, ko nk’ikigo cy’imari yagombaga gukomeza kubara umwenda n’inyungu zawo nta shingiro ifite, ngo kuko ingingo ya 4 y’ayo masezerano yo kwikiranura iteganya ko amasezerano yo kwikiranura asimbuye andi masezerano yose yabanje. Byongeye kandi ko ingingo ya 8.1 y’amasezerano yo kwikiranura na yo ivuga ko aya masezerano yahindurwa gusa n’inyandiko isinywe n’impande zombi, rukanavuga ko amasezerano akozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye, akaba ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko, ko agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya. [17] Me Murera Paulin akomeza avuga ko ku rwego rw’ubujurire mu rubanza RCOMA 00240/2024/HCC Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu gufata icyemezo rwashimangiye ibyategetswe mu rubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC kandi narwo rushingiye ku mpamvu zari zashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku rwego rubanza. [18] Asobanura ko mu bika bya 15, 16, 17,18,19 na 20 by’ Urubanza RCOMA 00240/2024/HCC Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwagarutse ku byashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi bigaragara mu bika bya 14, 15, 16, na 17 by’urubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC, ruvuga ko rwemeranywa n’isesengura ryakozwe mu rwego rwa mbere. Bityo asaba ko ubu bujurire bwa kabiri bwa AB BANK RWANDA Plc butakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, kubera ko icyaburanwaga cyari iyubahirizwa ry’amasezerano, inkiko zombi zikaba zarasanze AB BANK RWANDA Plc itarayubahirije ngo yishyuze EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd 85.038.281 Frw ahubwo ikayishyuza 165.679.293 Frw, ari nayo mpamvu yategetswe gusubiza 80.641.012 Frw yarenze ku yo yagombaga kwishurwa. [19] Me Ndayisenga Jean Claude uhagarariye AB Bank Rwanda Plc yiregura kuri iyi nzitizi avuga ko nta shingiro ifite, ngo kuko AB BANK RWANDA Plc itatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [20] Asobanura ko mu gika cya 15 cy’urubanza RCOMA 00240/2024/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoporoye ibyo Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwanditse mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC ruvuga ko amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa angana na 85.038.281 Frw nk’uburyo bwuzuye kandi burangiza burundu ikibazo cy’amafaranga uwari urimo umwenda abereyemo nyir’umwenda. Kandi ko mu gika cya 16 cy’urwo rubanza Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakomeje gukoporora ibyavuzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu bika bya 13 na 14 by’urubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC, aho rwavuze ko umwenda wongeyeho inyungu n’andi

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mafaranga y’inyongera bihwanye na 85.038.281 Frw, ushobora guhita wishyuzwa kandi uberewemo umwenda akagira uburenganzira bwo gukomeza inzira yo kwishyuza binyuze muri cyamunara, kandi iyo nzira ya cyamunara itavamo ubwishyu bwose bw’umwenda, ukishyuzwa binyuze mu nzira y’Inkiko. [21] Me Ndayisenga Jean Claude asobanura kandi ko igika cya 17 cy’urubanza RCOMA 00240/2024/HCC rujuririrwa ntaho gitandukaniye n’igika cya 15 cy’urubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, aho n’ijambo “uburyo butomoye” ryakoreshejwe usanga Inkiko zombi zagiye zirikoresha muri ibyo bika byombi. Ko rero kuba mu rubanza RCOMA 00240/2024/HCC Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarakoporoye incarubanza y’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kandi ingingo ya mbere (Issue) y’ubujurire rwarasabwaga gusuzuma ari ijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rwarumvise amasezerano yo kwikiranura uko atari bigatuma rutegeka AB Bank Rwanda Plc gusubiza EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd amafaranga, impamvu Urukiko rwashingiyeho zumvikanisha ko rwumvise amasezerano nabi, ari uburyo Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutabashije gusesengura neza ingingo ya 3.7 y’amasezerano yo kwikiranura, ndetse no mu myanzuro yo kujurira barabyanditse mu nyuguti nkuru kugira ngo Urukiko ruzabibone mu buryo bworoshye, aho banditse ko “THE FULL DEBT, PLUS ALL ACCRUED INTERESTS AND ALL ADDITIONAL COSTS TOTALING TO 85.038.281.23 Frw”. Ko mu gusobanura iyi ngingo, bagaragarije Urukiko ko THE FULL DEBT bivuze umwenda remezo ungana na 85.038.281 Frw, naho ALL ACCRUED INTERESTS AND ALL ADDITIONAL COSTS TOTALING bikangana na 85.038.281.23 Frw. Avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ari cyo rwagombaga gusuzuma, ariko ko rutakivuzeho, kandi ko rwari rwanahawe inshingano zo gusesengura neza ko nta mpamvu yari gutuma ikigo cy’imari nka banki gikora amasezerano ashobora guhara inyungu hamwe n’indishyi mu gihe umukiriya atishyuye ku neza nk’uko babyumvikanye. Ko rwasabwaga kumva iyo myumvire (logic) mu gusesengura amasezerano, ariko ko ntacyo rwigeze rubivugaho, ibyo bikaba byumvikanisha ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwari rwajuririwe aho kwibanda ku cyo uwajuriye asaba, ahubwo rwagiye ruterura ibyanditswe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi gusa. [22] Me Ndayisenga Jean Claude ashingira ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2020/SC, haburana TWAGIRAYEZU N’ABANDI rwaciwe ku wa 25 Kamena 2021, aho mu gika cya 25 cy’urwo rubanza Urukiko rwavuze ko “Mu gihe Urukiko rwajuririwe rwakoporoye ijambo ku rindi nta na gito rusize cyangwa ruhinduye ku bisobanuro byatanzwe mu rubanza rwari rwajuririwe kandi ntaho rwabanje kuvuga ko rwemeranya na rwo, ntibyafatwa ko Urukiko rwajuririwe hari impamvu zarwo rwatangiye icyemezo rwafashe. Iyo bimeze bityo, n’ubwo nta mategeko runaka aba yishwe, ahubwo haba habayeho kutubahiriza amahame agenga imyandikire, ntaho Urukiko rurimo gusuzuma ubujurire bwa kabiri rwasabwe gufata icyemezo ku nzitizi yo kuba uwajuriye yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, rwahera rugereranya imitekerereze y’Inkiko zombi ngo rwemeze ko zafashe ibyemezo zishingiye ku mpamvu zimwe kandi impamvu zaratanzwe gusa n’Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere”. Bityo uburanira AB BANK RWANDA Plc asaba ko inzitizi yatanzwe na EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd yo kutakira ubujurire bwa AB BANK RWANDA Plc hashingiwe ngo ku kuba yaratsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje nta shingiro yahabwa. [23] Me Murera Paulin uhagarariye EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd avuga ko ibyo uhagarariye AB BANK RWANDA Plc avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwagiye rukoporora ibyo Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze atari byo, ngo kuko mu gika cya 20 cy’urubanza RCOMA

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00240/2024/HCC rujuririrwa rwavuze ko rwemeranywa n’isesengura ryakozwe ku rwego rwa mbere. Bityo ko rutakoporoye ahubwo rwashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe n’izashingiweho mu rubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC. Kandi ko mu isesengura rwakoze rwagaragaje ko ibyo AB BANK RWANDA Plc yaburanishije ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo igaruye mu bujurire, ngo kuko itagaragaza icyo inenga mu rubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC yari yajuririye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [24] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ibikurikira : “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe.” [25] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ari zimwe, gisuzumwa hasesengurwa imikirize y’urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri, ingingo z‘ingenzi zasuzumwe, impamvu buri rukiko rwashingiyeho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo cy’ugutsindwa k’umuburanyi ujurira bwa kabiri, byaramuka bigaragaye ko ari zimwe, ubujurire ntibube buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [26] Nk’uko byafashweho umurongo mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere arizo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe2. Ibi kandi binumvikanisha ko ibyaburanwe ku rwego rwa mbere ari nabyo ubusanzwe bigomba kuburanwa ku rwego rw’ubujurire hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo ku rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo ku rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe3. [27] Na none mu rubanza RCOMAA 0048/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/05/2017, haburana RRA na SODAR Ltd4, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, hatarebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no ku rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko inkiko zombi zakoresheje amagambo amwe mu gusobanura ibyemezo byazo, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarasubije mu buryo bumwe ku ngingo zigize ikiburanwa.

2 Reba urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 29/9/2020 haburana Road Solutions Pavement Products na MAIL CO Ltd. 3 Reba igika cya 23 cy’urubanza No RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020, haburana SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc na UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA (UR). 4 Reba igika cya 18 cy’urwo rubanza. Reba na none urubanza Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Products na MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, igika cya 24.

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[28] Ku kibazo cyerekeranye no gukoporora gusa imiburanire y’ababuranyi cyangwa se impamvu zaburanishijwe5, mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25 Kamena 2021, hasesenguwe icyo kibazo rubona ko ibyerekeye impamvu zitakwitwa ko ari impamvu zimwe zashingiweho zatuma urubanza rutakirwa mu bujurire ku rwego rwa kabiri mu buryo bukurikira: “Iyo Urukiko rwajuririwe rukoporoye imyanzuro y’ababuranyi uko yakabaye cyangwa imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ntirunagaragaze aho rwabikuye, ni amakosa yo kwiyitirira cyangwa gukoporora iby’abandi (judicial plagiarism), akosorwa n’uko Urukiko ruyavumbuye ruburanisha urwo rubanza kugira ngo akosorwe. Bityo Urukiko ruri gusuzuma ubujurire bwa kabiri rwasabwe gufata icyemezo ku nzitizi yo kuba uwajuriye yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ntaho rwahera rugereranya imitekerereze y’Inkiko zombi ngo rwemeze ko zafashe ibyemezo zishingiye ku mpamvu zimwe kandi impamvu zaratanzwe gusa n’Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere”. [29] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RCOM 01031/2023/TC rwaciwe ku wa 26/03/2024, cyane cyane mu gika cyarwo cyiswe icya [7], Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ingingo nyamukuru yerekeranye no kumenya niba amasezerano yo kwikiranura (AMICABLE SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT) yo ku wa 27/10/2021 ateganya ko EDECON CONSULTANT Ltd nitishyura mu buryo ateganya izishyura 85.058.281 FRW cyangwa niba ateganya ko izishyura 165.679.293,34 Frw, izindi ngingo zikaba inkurikizi zayo. Urukiko, nyuma yo kuyasesengura rushingiye ku mategeko, rubona ko amasezerano akozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye ; ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n’amategeko ; ko agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya. Rusanga nta bubasha, nta burenganzira AB BANK RWANDA PLC yari ifite bwo guhindura ubwayo yonyine ibyo yemeranyijweho na EDECON CONSULTANT Ltd muri ayo masezerano bagiranye yo kwikiranura yo ku wa 27/10/2021. Rwemeza ko amafaranga y’ikirenga angana na 80.641.012 Frw nk’uko yanemejwe n’umuhanga washyizweho n’Urukiko afite ishingiro kandi AB BANK RWANDA PLC igomba gutegekwa kuyasubiza EDECON CONSULTANT Ltd. AB BANK RWANDA Plc itsindwa no kuba itarubahirije ibikubiye mu masezerano yagiranye na AB BANK RWANDA Plc, isabwa gusubiza amafaranga y’ikirenga atayakubiyemo. [30] Mu bujurire mu rubanza RCOMA 00240/2024/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 30/10/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu gusuzuma ingingo yari yajuririwe yerekeranye no kumenya niba Urukiko rutari rukwiye kwemeza ko AB BANK Rwanda Plc isubiza EDECON Consultants Ltd amafaranga 80.641.012frw kuko ayo yishyuye akurikije amategeko ndetse n’amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye, rwashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 150 agace ka 5 n’aka 6 y’Itegeko N◦22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi rikuzuzwa kugeza ubu, yavuzwe mu rubanza mu gika cya 10 no ku byagaragajwe mu gika cya 13 cyarwo, maze rusanga mu mpamvu y’ubujurire bwa AB BANK RWANDA Plc, nk’uko yari yagaragajwe mu gika cya 8 kugeza mu cya 10, itarashoboye kugaragariza Urukiko icyo inenga mu mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ku bijyanye n’iyo ngingo yatumye ijurira n’uburyo cyakosorwa

5 Urukiko rwabonye ko: “Iyo rero ibyo bisobanuro bidashobora kwitirirwa Urukiko kubera ko rwabikoporoye ahandi uko byakabaye kandi ntiruvuge naho rwabikuye, byaba ari ugukoporora imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe cyangwa imyanzuro y’ababuranyi, abahanga bavuga ko bidakwiye gufatwa nk’ibisobanuro ahubwo ari amakosa yo kwiyitirira cyangwa gukoporora iby’abandi (judicial plagiarism)”.

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hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso, ndetse n’igisabwa Urukiko. Nyuma yo kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu bika bya 15-19 by’urubanza mu bujurire, mu gika cyarwo cya 20 Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwanzuye ko rwemeranwa n’isesengura rwari rumaze kwibutsa ryakozwe mu rwego rwa mbere; bityo ibyashingiweho mu rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko AB BANK RWANDA Plc igomba gutegekwa gusubiza EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd amafaranga 80.641.012 Frw, ruvuga ko bifite ishingiro kuko AB BANK RWANDA Plc itashoboye kubivuguruza, uretse kwongera kugaragaza ibyo yaburanishije mu rwego rwa mbere kuri iyo ngingo. Iby’uko Urukiko rutari rukwiye kwemeza ko AB Bank Rwanda Plc isubiza EDECON Consultants Ltd amafaranga 80.641.012 Frw kuko ayo yishyuye akurikije amategeko ndetse n’amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye, Urukiko ntirwabiha ishingiro. [31] Urukiko rurasanga koko ibyo Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiyeho mu guca urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere, byarongeye kuvugwaho mu rubanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire mu bika bya 15-16 kandi iteka Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rukagaragaza mu twugarizo n’utwuguruzo ko ari iby’urwo rukiko rubanza, ariko isesengura ryabyo nk’umwihariko w’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rigaragara neza mu gika cya 20 cy’urwo rubanza mu bujurire nk’uko bimaze kugaragazwa mu gika kibanziriza iki; bityo ibi bikaba bitafatwa nk’aho Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagaragaje impamvu rwashingiyeho, kuko kubanza kugaragaza ibyari byashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi bitari bigamije ko rubyiyitirira rutagaragaza aho bivuye, ahubwo rwabikoresheje mu gika cya 20 mu kugaragaza uburyo rwemeranya n’isesengura ryakozwe ku rwego rwa mbere. Urukiko rurasanga rero ibyakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi aho rwagiye rugaruka ku isesengura ry’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, bidahura n’umurongo wafashwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC AB BANK RWANDA Plc ishingiraho ivuga ko urukiko rusuzuma iyakirwa ry’ubujurire bwa kabiri rutabona aho ruhera rugerereranya impamvu inkiko zombi zashingiyeho ; bityo ibivugwa n’uburanira AB BANK RWANDA Plc bikaba bidahawe ishingiro. [32] Urukiko rurasanga ku kibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe mu mizi kimaze kugaragazwa hejuru, mu nkiko zombi AB BANK RWANDA Plc yaratsinzwe no kuba itarubahirije ibikubiye mu masezerano yo kwikiranura yo ku wa 27/10/2021 yagiranye na EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd, igasabwa gusubiza amafaranga y’ikirenga yari yarishyuje. Bityo inzitizi y’iburabubasha yatanzwe na EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd ikaba igomba guhabwa ishingiro, ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na AB BANK RWANDA Plc bukaba butagomba kwakirwa kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 igika cya 3 yibukijwe hejuru. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [33] Me Murera Paulin uhagarariye EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka AB BANK RWANDA Plc gusubiza EDECON CONSULTANTS amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka angana na 2.000.000 Frw n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 1.000.000 Frw, yose hamwe akaba 3.000.000 Frw, kubera gukomeza gukurura imanza ikaziyisiragizamo kuva ibibazo byatangira kugeza ubu, bitewe no kutubahiriza amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye bigatuma yiyambaza Avoka.

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[34] Me Ndayisenga Jean Claude uhagarariye AB BANK RWANDA Plc avuga ko amafaranga asabwa na EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd nta shingiro afite, ngo kuko ari yo yishoye mu rubanza ikarushoramo na AB BANK RWANDA Plc kandi yari yaramaze kwishyura umwenda wari ukubiye mu masezerano yo ku wa 27/10/2021 impande zombi zagiranye. Bityo ko ikwiye kwirengera igihombo yaterwa n’uru rubanza, kandi ko mu gihe Urukiko rwazabibona ukundi, rwazagena igihembo cya Avoka kingana n’amafaranga 500.000 Frw, kandi ko n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ntayo yahabwa ngo kuko urubanza rukurikiranwa na Avoka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [35] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira : ʺIkirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [36] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd isaba kuri uru rwego ikwiye kuyahabwa kuko inzitizi yatanze ifite ishingiro kandi bikaba byarabaye ngombwa ko ishaka Avoka wo kuyiburanira ; bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba ruyigeneye amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [37] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha yatanzwe na EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd, ifite ishingiro. [38] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na AB BANK RWANDA Plc butakiriwe, kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [39] Rutegetse AB BANK RWANDA Plc kwishyura EDECON CONSULTANTS Ltd amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego. [40] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama AB BANK RWANDA Plc yatanze ijurira ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.