BENDA v. AKARERE KA BUGESERA

# BENDA v. AKARERE KA BUGESERA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-21 - Case/document no.: RADAA 00021/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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BENDA v. AKARERE KA BUGESERA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RADAA 00021/2024/CA (Kamere, P.J.,) 21 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubutegetsi – Inzitizi – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi ku mpamvu zimwe – Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Benda Rosine avuga ko Se umubyara witwa Benda Sabin yari afite isambu ifite hegitare 10 yahawe n’icyahoze ari komini Gashora, Akarere ka Bugesera, nyuma ya Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi iyo sambu icibwamo ibibanza by’imidugudu 145, ikindi gice gihabwa Itorero ry’Inkuru nziza, ahandi hakaba hafitwe ubu n’abitwa Munyankiko Côme na Ngenzi Protais, avuga kandi ko ibyo byose byakozwe n’Akarere ka Bugesera kirengagije acte de notoriété yahawe Benda Sabin ku wa 12/10/1987. Nyuma yaho, Benda Rosine yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, arega AKARERE KA BUGESERA asaba ko iyo sambu yagarurwa mu muryango wa Benda Sabin na Nakure Cecile cyangwa bagahabwa ingurane yayo. Abantu batandukanye bari muri iyo sambu bagobotse mu rubanza bavuga ko isambu iburanwa ari iyabo ndetse ko bayiburanye mu manza zitanduanye zabaye itegeko bakayitsindira, ariko Benda Rosine yavuze ko atari ngombwa ko baza mu rubanza bituma nabo bemera kuruvamo mu gihe ari uko Benda Rosine yari abyifuje, maze Urukiko narwo rwubahiriza icyo cyifuzo rubakura mu rubanza. Uhagarariye AKARERE KA BUGESERA yireguye avuga ko ubutaka buburanwa bwari ubwa Leta, kandi ko Benda Sabin yari yarabutijwe nk’uko byari bimeze ku bandi nkawe benshi bitavuze ko bwari buhindutse ubwe. Avuga kandi ko nyuma yaho bigaragaye ko Benda Sabin atari akibukoresha icyo yabuherewe, ubwo butaka bwasubijwe abahoze ari ba nyirabwo aho bahungukiye. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwemeje ko ikirego cya Benda Rosine nta shingiro gifite, bityo ko ikirego kiregera kwiregura cyatanzwe n’Akarere ka Bugesera gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; maze rumutegeka guha Akarere ka Bugesera 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. Benda Rosine ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe maze ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru i Kigali, avuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwirengagije ibimenyetso yarugaragarije birimo acte de notoriété yahawe Benda Sabin hamwe n’urubanza RADA 0026/13/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rugagaragaza agaciro k’iki cyemezo kandi ko ubutaka ari ubwabo. Uhagarariye Akarere ka Bugesera nawe yireguye yavuze ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, bityo asaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwari rwajuririwe. Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kigali, rwemeje

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ko ubujurire bwa Benda Rosine nta shingiro bufite, bityo ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse. Benda Rosine yajuririye nanone mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, maze hasuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yazamuwe n’Ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko ishingiye ku kumenya niba ataratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zabanje. Uhagarariye Akarere ka Bugesera, avuga ko ishingiro ryo gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe kwa Benda Sabine ni urubanza RADA 00007/2020/CA, aho urukiko rwashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko ubutaka avuga ko bwari ubwa Se umubyara witwa Benda Sabin ashingiye kuri “Acte de notoriété” yo ku wa 12/10/1987, ariko ko nyuma yaho byaje kugaragara ko yari yaratijwe urwuri ariko ko ubwo butaka bukaza gusubizwa abazungura banyirabwo, urwo rubanza rukaba rwarabaye ndakuka, bityo ko mu nkiko zabanje uregwa yazitsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Uhagarariye Benda Rosine avuga ko ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo byatumye Benda Rosine atsindwa bitandukanye n’ibyashingiwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Uhagarariye Akarere ka Bugesera avuga kandi ko asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Benda Rosine kwishyura Akarere ka Bugesera amafaranga miliyoni icumi (10.000.000Frw) kubera gukomeza kugashora mu manza z’amaherere. Uhagarariye Benda Rosine, yiregura avuga ko amafaranga Akarere ka Bugesera gasaba uwo ahagarariye nta shingiro afite kuko bigaragara ko ako Karere ari ko kamuhaye umutungo uburanwa, ariko kakaba gashaka kuwisubiza mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko. Muri uru Rukiko hasuzumwe inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yazamuwe n’Ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko mu nama ntegurarubanza, ishingiye ku kumenya niba Benda Rosine ataba yarajuriye bwa kabiri kandi yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu manza zombi zabanje. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Inzitizi y’iburabubasha ifite ishingiro.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Imanza zifashishijwe:

Urubanza RCOMAA 0051/14/CS rwa RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015;

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Urubanza RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwa Bank of Kigali Plc na Mulisa Kana Martin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017;

Urubanza RCOMAA 0051/14/CS rwa RRA na SECAM Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015;

Urubanza RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwa Bank of Kigali Plc na Mulisa Kana Martin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017;

Urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC, rwa Road Solution Pavement Product Ltd na MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Benda Rosine avuga ko se Benda Sabin yari afite isambu ifite hegitare 10 yahawe n’icyahoze ari komini Gashora, iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Dihiro na Munyinya mu Kagari ka Ramiro, Umurenge wa Gashora, Akarere ka Bugesera, nyuma ya Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi, iyo sambu icibwamo ibibanza by’imidugudu 145, ikindi gice gihabwa Itorero ry’Inkuru nziza, ahandi hakaba hafitwe ubu n’abitwa Munyankiko Côme na Ngenzi Protais. Avuga kandi ko ibyo byose byakozwe n’Akarere ka Bugesera kirengagije acte de notoriété yahawe Benda Sabin ku wa 12/10/1987. Benda Rosine yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, arega AKARERE KA BUGESERA asaba ko iyo sambu yagarurwa mu muryango wa Benda Sabin na Nakure Cecile cyangwa bagahabwa ingurane yayo, ikirego cye gihabwa RAD 00047/2020/TGI/GSBO. [2] Abantu batandukanye bari muri iyo sambu bagobotse mu rubanza bavuga ko isambu iburanwa ari iyabo ndetse ko bayiburanye mu manza zitanduanye zabaye itegeko bakayitsindira, ariko Benda Rosine yavuze ko atari ngombwa ko baza mu rubanza bituma nabo bemera kuruvamo mu gihe ari uko Benda Rosine yari abyifuje, maze Urukiko narwo rwubahiriza icyo cyifuzo rubakura mu rubanza. [3] Uhagarariye AKARERE ka BUGESERA yireguye avuga ko ubutaka buburanwa bwari ubwa Leta, ko kuba Benda Sabin yari yarabutijwe nk’uko byari bimeze ku bandi nkawe benshi bitavuze ko bwari buhindutse ubwe. Avuga kandi ko nyuma mu gihe Benda Sabin atari akibukoresha icyo yabuherewe, ubwo butaka bwasubijwe abahoze ari ba nyirabwo aho bahungukiye, ndetse ko Benda Rosine yabuburanye nabo, bakaba baramaze kumutsinda mu manza zitandukanye z’imbonezamubano. [4] Mu rubanza RAD 00047/2020/TGI/GSBO, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 12/01/2024, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Benda Rosine nta shingiro gifite, ko ikirego kiregera kwiregura cyatanzwe n’Akarere ka Bugesera gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; rutegeka Benda Rosine guha Akarere ka Bugesera 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka.

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[5] Nyuma y'icyo cyemezo, Me Ntaganda Félix uburanira AKARERE KA BUGESERA, yandikiye urukiko arusaba gukosora amakosa y’imyandikire rwashyize mu ncarubanza, aho rwanditse AKARERE KA GASABO aho kwandika AKARERE KA BUGESERA. Akaba ari yo mpamvu basabaga Urukiko ko rwakosora ayo makosa muri urwo rubanza. Ku wa 06/02/2024, Urukiko ruca urubanza RS/RECT/RAD 00001/2024/TGI/GSBO, aho rwemeje kandi rutegeka ko amakosa agaragara mu bika bya 11, 44 na 45 akosorwa, ahanditse AKARERE KA GASABO hagasimbuzwa AKARERE KA BUGESERA; runategeka ko uru rubanza rwuzuza urubanza RAD 00047/2020/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 12/01/2024 n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo. [6] Benda Rosine yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza RAD 00047/2020/TGI/GSBO mu Rukiko Rukuru i Kigali, ikirego cye cy’ubujurire gihabwa RADA 00009/2024/HC/KIG, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwirengagije ibimenyetso yarugaragarije birimo «acte de notoriété» yahawe Benda Sabin ku wa 12/10/1987 hamwe n’urubanza nᵒ RADA 0026/13/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/02/2015 rugagaragaza agaciro ka «acte de notoriété», ko rwirengagije n’ubuhamya kuri iyo sambu ya Benda Sabin bwatanzwe n'ubuyobozi bw'Umudugudu wa Munyinya na Dihiro bukemezwa n'Akagari ka Ramiro, ibi bimenyetso byose ngo bikaba bigaragaza ko ubutaka aregera ari ubwa Benda Sabin n’umugore we Nakure Cécile. Uhagarariye Akarere ka Bugesera yavuze ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, asaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwari rwajuririwe. [7] Mu guca urubanza RADA 00009/2024/HC/KIG ku wa 27/09/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kigali, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Benda Rosine nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza RAD 00047/2020/TGI/GSBO rwajuririwe idahindutse. [8] Mu gusobanura impamvu z’icyemezo kimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko raporo zakozwe n’ubuyobozi bw’umudugudu ku isambu ya Benda Sabin atari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko ubwo butaka bwari umutungo we, ko mu kwifashisha izo raporo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwashakaga gusa kumenya inkomoko [amateka] y’iyo sambu, bituma Urukiko Rukuru rubona ko ibivugwa na Benda Rosine ko izo raporo z’abayobozi b’Umudugudu wa Dihiro n’uwa Munyinya zirengagijwe atari byo. Naho ku birebana n’ingingo y’ubujurire y’uko ngo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije «acte de notoriété» yo ku wa 12/10/1987, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko icyo kimenyetso nacyo kitirengagijwe kuko rwasanze kuba iyo «acte de notoriété» ivuga ko Benda Sabin ahawe na Komini Gashora urwuri rufite hegitari 10 mu i DIHIRO bisobanura ko bwari ubutaka bwa Leta (Komini Gashora) aherewe gusa gukoreraho ibikorwa by’urwuri. Ibi kandi Urukiko Rukuru rwabishingiyeho ntirwaha ishingiro imvugo za Benda Rosine z’uko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarirengagije gushingira ku gaciro “acte de notoriété” ihabwa mu rubanza RADA 0026/13/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, kuko rwasanze acte de notoriété ivugwa muri urwo rubanza Benda Rosine avuga ko rwirengagijwe itandukanye n’iyari yarahawe Benda Sabin, kuko muri urwo rubanza ho uwitwa Mudogo Selemani yaguze ubutaka akabwandikisha mu buyobozi bwa Komini Gikoro, agahabwa icyemezo cy’umutungo (Acte de Notoriété) nka nyirabwo wabuguze ku wa 11/06/1993, naho acte de notoriété yahawe Benda Sabin yo ikaba imugaragaza nk’uwatijwe ubutaka kugira ngo abukorereho igikorwa kizwi neza cy’urwuri, bityo Urukiko Rukuru rwanzura ko kuba ubutaka Benda Sabin yari yaratijwe atari akibukoresha bwagombaga gusubira mu maboko y’Akarere kari karabumutije, kabusubiranye ndetse ubu kakaba karabutujemo abandi baturage. Ibi bikaba ari byo byatumye Urukiko Rukuru rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwari rwajuririwe.

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[9] BENDA Rosine yajuririye urubanza RADA 00009/2024/HC/KIG muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RADAA 00021/2024/CA. Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabaye ku wa 03/11/2025, Benda Rosine ahagarariwe na Me Manishimwe Antoine, naho AKARERE KA BUGESERA gahagarariwe na Me Ntaganda Felix; hasuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yazamuwe n’Ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko mu nama ntegurarubanza yo ku wa 29/09/2025, ishingiye ku kumenya niba Benda Rosine ataba yarajuriye bwa kabiri kandi yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu manza zombi zabanje. Haburanwe kandi ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ibihembo bya Avoka asabwa n’Akarere ka Bugezera, mu gihe inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yaba ihawe ishingiro. Urukiko rwamenyesheje ababuranyi ko icyemezo cyarwo kuri izo ngingo zaburanweho kizasomwa ku wa 21/11/2025.

II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO

Gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwatanzwe na Benda Rosine buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire [10] Me Ntaganda Félix, uhagarariye Akarere ka Bugesera, avuga ko ishingiro ryo gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe kwa Benda Sabine ari urubanza RADA 00007/2020/CA, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwashingiyeho nk'uko bigaragara mu gika cya 27 cy'urubanza RAD 00047/2020/TGI/GSBO, aho urukiko rwashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko ubutaka Benda Rosine avuga ko bwari ubwa Benda Sabin ashingiye kuri “Acte de notoriété” yo ku wa 12/10/1987, byaje kugaragara ko yari yaratijwe urwuri ariko nyuma ubutaka bukaza gusubizwa abazungura ba Mukagatare Caritas ari bo Nyirabatoni Elizabeth. Avuga ko ibyo kandi binashimangirwa n’ibyo mu gika cya 28 aho n'ababajijwe bose bemeje ko ubutaka butigeze buba ubwa benda Rosine. [11] Avuga ko mu bujurire mu rubanza RADA 00009/2024/HC/KIG, Urukiko nyuma yo kumva imvugo zʼababuranyi ariko rukaza kubona urubanza RADA 00007/2020/CA rwabaye itegeko rwongeye kwemeza ko ubutaka Benda Rosine aburana avuga ko bwari ubw’umuryango we ashingiye ngo kuri «acte de notoriété» yo ku wa 12/10/1987, Urukiko rwasanze icyo kimenyesto ari na cyo urubanza RADA 00007/2020/CA, urukiko rwemeje ko umutungo ari uwa Mukagatare Caritas rukaba rwarabaye itegeko, bityo ko mu manza RAD 00047/202/TGI/GSBO na RADA 00009/2024/HC/KIG Benda Rosine yazitsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe ngo kuko urubanza RADA 00007/2020/CA rwabaye ndakuka. [12] Me Manishimwe Antoine, uhagarariye Benda Rosine avuga ko impamvu zashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ndetse n’impamvu zashingiweho mu bujurire n’Urukiko Rukuru atari zimwe, bityo agasaba Urukiko gushingira ku ngingo ya 52 y’Itegeko N 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, rukemeza ko ubujurire bwa kabiri yatanze buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, maze ubujurire yatanze bugasuzumwa mu mizi. [13] Asobanura ko nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 27 cy’urubanza RAD 00047/2020/TGI/GSBO, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwasanze mu gika cya 26 cy’urubanza RADAA 00007/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/04/2021, Urukiko

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rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko hakurikijwe imvugo z’ababuranyi bose bemeranywaho, kuba ubutaka bwa Mukagatare Caritas haravuyeho ubutaka bwatujweho abacitse ku icumu rya Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 n’Abanyarwanda batahutse badafite aho baba, ibi bikaba bisobanura impamvu komisiyo y’ubutaka mu Karere ka Bugesera yafashe icyemezo cyo kugarurira abazungura ba Mukagatare Caritas ubutaka butubatsweho kuko hari ubutaka bwari bwamaze kubakwaho amazu, ubuyobozi bukaba bwarashyize mu gaciro inyungu za Mukagatare Caritas nka nyir’ubutaka n’iz’abo Leta yari imaze gutuza. [14] Avuga kandi ko no mu gika cya 28 Urukiko rushingiye na none ku iperereza ryakozwe n’Urukiko kimwe na raporo y’Akarere ka Bugesera yo ku wa 27/11/2023, na yo igaragaza ko habajijwe abantu batandukanye ku byerekeranye n’ikiburanywa, rwasanze ababajijwe barasobanuye ko ubutaka bwatujweho abantu mu buryo bw’imidugudu atari ubutaka bwa Benda Sabin; Benda Rosine atsindwa hashingiwe rero ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya batandukanye babajijwe n’ibiri mu rubanza RADAA 00007/2020/CA rwavuzwe haruguru mu gika kibanziriza iki, kandi urwo rubanza rukaba rwarabaye itegeko, n’ubwo Benda Rosine atarugaragaramo nk’umuburanyi, ariko mu gika cya 26 cy’urwo rubanza urukiko rwasobanuye ubutaka bwa Mukagatare Caritas ari bwo bwavuyeho ubutaka bwatujweho abacitse ku icumu rya Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 n’abanyarwanda batahutse batari bafite aho baba, rwemeza rutyo ko ikirego cya Benda Rosine usaba gusubizwa isambu y’umuryango yakaswemo ibibanza 145 by’imidugudu cyangwa agahabwa ingurane, nta shingiro gifite. [15] Me Manishimwe Antoine avuga ko ibyo byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo byatumye Benda Rosine atsindwa, bitandukanye n’ibyashingiwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko mu gika cya 14 cy’urubanza RADA 00009/2024/HC/KIG mu bujurire urukiko rwasanze acte de notoriété nta gaciro yahabwa, kuko kuba Benda Sabin yarahawe urwuri byitwa gutizwa, ko rero kuba adafite inkondabutaka uwo Leta yabaga ihaye muri ubwo buryo (droits d’occupation), itabaga imuhaye ubutaka (propriété), ahubwo yabaga imuhaye uburenganzira bwo kubukoreraho ibikorwa, bityo ruvuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [16] Akomeza asobanura ko mu gika cya 17 Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze muri rusange icyatsinze Benda Rosine atari imanza zabaye itegeko, ahubwo ari uko ubutaka yita ubwa Benda Sabin butari ubwe, ko ahubwo yari yarabutijwe, mu gihe yari atakibukoresha bukaba bwaragombaga gusubira mu maboko y’Akarere ka Bugesera, kabutujemo abaturage, ubundi bugasubizwa ababuburanye bakabutsindira, kandi ko Urukiko rwavuze ko n’iyo batabutsindira muri izo manza, Benda Rosine atari kubusubizwa kandi butarigeze buba umutungo (propriété) wa Benda Sabin, ngo uretse wenda ko iyo bigera igihe cyo kwandikisha ubutaka akibukoresha, yashoboraga kubwiyandikishaho bukabona kuba ubwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Ikibazo ababuranyi bafitanye gishingiye ku kumenya niba ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Benda Rosine buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, harebwa niba butaba buzitirwa no kuba yaba yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje.

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[18] Ikibazo cyerekeranye no gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe cyafashweho umurongo mu manza nyinshi zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1 ndetse n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ruzishingiraho, aho izo Nkiko Nkuru zagaragaje ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Ibi bikaba byumvikanisha ko igisubizo ku kibazo kibukijwe mu gika kibanziriza iki kigerwaho hagereranyijwe impamvu buri rukiko rwashingiyeho ku ngingo nyamukuru zasuzumye zigize ikiburanwa. [19] Dosiye igaragaza ku rwego rwa mbere mu rubanza RAD 00047/2020/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo hasuzumwe ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Benda Rosine yasubizwa isambu yakaswemo ibibanza 145 by’imidugudu cyangwa agahabwa ingurane, maze mu isesengura Urukiko rwakoze mu gika cya 27 n’icya 28 by’urwo rubanza, rusanga mu bimenyetso byose byasesenguwe bigizwe n’urubanza RADAA 00007/2020/CA, amaperereza na raporo bitandukanye birimo imvugo z’abatangabuhamya nta na kimwe kigaragaza ko ubutaka Benda Rosine asaba gusubizwa atari ubwa Benda Sabin kuko atigeze abuhabwa, ndetse ko ubu bufite ba nyirabwo babutujwemo na Leta. [20] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko isesengura ry’ikibazo kimaze kuvugwa haruguru ryagarutsweho mu bujurire bwa mbere mu rubanza RADA 00009/2024/HC/KIG ubu rujuririrwa, aho mu bujurire bwe Benda Rosine yasabaga Urukiko Rukuru gusuzuma ibimenyetso yashyikirije Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ariko ngo rukabyirengagiza. Mu gusubiza icyo kibazo, Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwarasuzumye ibyo bimenyetso yavugaga ko byirengagijwe, birimo «acte de notoriété » yahawe Benda Sabin ku wa 12/10/1987, hamwe n’urubanza RADA 0026/13/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/02/2015, aho rwagaragaje agaciro ka « acte de notoriété », n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe n'Ubuyobozi bw'Umudugudu wa Munyinya n’uwa Dihiro, bukemezwa n'Akagari ka Ramiro ku birebana n’isambu Benda Rosine yita iya Benda Sabin. Mu isesengura Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze kuva mu gika cya 11 kugeza mu cya 17 by’urubanza RADA 00009/2024/HC/KIG ubu rujuririrwa, rwavuze muri rusange ko rusanga kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwaremeje ko Benda Sabin yari yaratijwe ubwo butaka ntaho rwibeshye ndetse nta n’ibimenyetso rwirengagije, rusobanura by’umwihariko mu gika cya 17 ko ubutaka Benda Rosine aregera hari n’abandi babuburanyeho mu zindi manza ubu zabaye itegeko, kandi ko n’iyo batabutsindira muri izo manza zindi butari kuba ubw’umuryango wa Benda Rosine kubera ko se Benda Sabin atigeze abuhabwa na Leta ahubwo ko yari yarabumutije kugira ngo abukoreremo ibikorwa by’urwuri.

1 Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza RCOMAA 0051/14/CS hagati ya RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 n’igika cya 21 cy’urubanza, RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 hagati ya Bank of Kigali Plc na Mulisa Kana Martin. Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza RCOMAA 0051/14/CS hagati ya RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 n’igika cya 21 cy’urubanza, RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 hagati ya Bank of Kigali Plc na Mulisa Kana Martin. Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Product Ltd na MAILCO Ltd, igika cya 24.

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[21] Uru Rukiko rurasanga rero ibibazo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwasuzumye mu rubanza RAD 00047/2020/TGI/GSBO ari na byo Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye mu rubanza RADA 00009/2024/HC/KIG, aho izi Nkiko zombi zasuzumye ibimemyetso birimo acte de notoriété maze zose zikemeza ko itagaragaza ko Benda Sabin yahawe ubutaka, ko ahubwo icyo igaragaza ari uko yari yarabutijwe, ndetse zikanasuzuma ubuhamya, raporo zitandukanye n’imanza zaciwe, zisanga ibyo bimenyetso byose byemeza ko ubwo butaka butari ubwa Benda Sabin, ko yari yarabutijwe kandi ko nyuma mu gihe yari atakibukoresha icyo yari yarabuherewe, ubuyobozi bwongeye kubusubirana bukabuha abandi baturage, ku buryo ubu babutuyemo mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwarabishimangiye mu cyemezo cyarwo, aho rwemeje ko nta bimenyetso n’amategeko byirengagijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, mu gihe impamvu y’Ubujurire nyamukuru yari iy’uko Benda Rosine yavugaga ko hirengagijwe ibimenyetso bitandukanye yari yaratanze. Bityo Urukiko rukaba rusanga n’ubwo inkiko zombi zitabivuze mu magambo amwe Benda Rosine muri rusange yaratsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje, aho zose zashingiye ku kuba ibimenyetso byagaragajwe haruguru bitagaragaza ko ubutaka buburanwa bwari ubw’umubyeyi we Benda Sabin. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusesenguye imiburanire ya buri ruhande ku ngingo nyamukuru zigize urubanza zavuzwe haruguru, rukabihuza n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko iteganya ko ubujurire bwa kabiri butakirwa iyo uwajuriye yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ndetse n’umurongo wibukijwe haruguru wafashwe n’Inkiko Nkuru ku bijyanye n’isesengura rya bene iyi mpamvu y’iburabubasha ku bujurire bwa kabiri, rurasanga inkiko zombi zarasesenguye mu buryo bumwe (raisonnement juridique) byanatumye zishingira ku mpamvu zimwe mu kwemeza ko Benda Rosine atsinzwe, bityo ubujurire bwe bwa kabiri bukaba butagomba kwakirwa kuko uru Rukiko nta bubasha rufite bwo kubusuzuma mu mizi. Inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Benda Rosine ikaba ifite ishingiro.

2.Ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ibihembo bya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa mu rubanza [23] Me Ntaganda Felix, uhagarariye Akarere ka Bugesera, ashingiye ku ngingo za 110 na 111 z’Itegeko Nº22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Benda Rosine kwishyura Akarere ka Bugesera amafaranga miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw) kubera gukomeza kugashora mu manza z’amaherere kandi yaratsinzwe mu manza zitandukanye, kandi zabaye Itegeko, no kukishyura amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka ukaburanira angana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw). [24] Me Manishimwe Antoine, uhagarariye Benda Rosine, yiregura avuga ko amafaranga Akarere ka Bugesera gasaba Benda Rosine nta shingiro afite, ngo kuko bigaragara ko ako Karere ari ko kahaye Benda Sabin umutungo uburanwa, ariko kakaba gashaka kuwisubiza mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[25] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: ʺIkirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [26] Hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo y’Itegeko imaze kwibutswa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza amafaranga Akarere ka Bugesera gasaba afite ishingiro, kuko byumvikana ko kashatse Avoka wo kukaburanira akanakurikirana urubanza muri uru Rukiko, rukaba rugomba kuyakagenera mu bushishozi bwarwo; bityo kakaba kagomba kugenerwa angana n’ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 Frw) akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka kingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) n’ikurikiranarubanza angana n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Benda Rosine ifite ishingiro. [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Benda Rosine butakiriwe, kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [29] Rutegetse Benda Rosine kwishyura Akarere ka Bugesera amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 Frw) akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka kingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza angana n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) kuri uru rwego. [30] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama y’uru rubanza Benda Rosine yatanze ajurira, ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo.