BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY RWANDA Limited v NDAHIMANA

# BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY RWANDA Limited v NDAHIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-09-29 - Case/document no.: RCA 00066/2022/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY RWANDA Limited v NDAHIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00066/2022/HC/NYZ (Ndagijimana, P.J.) 29 Nzeri 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Imanza z’indishyi – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi - Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ni indishyi zo gutakaza akazi zikaba zihabwa umuntu wagaragaje ko hari akazi yari afite ubwo yakoraga impanuka. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yakozwe n’imodoka yari ifite ubwishingizi muri Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited (Britam) igonga moto ikomeretsa abari bayiriho barimo na Ndahimana. Uyu yaje kwandikira Britam asaba ko yahabwa indishyi ariko ntibumvina bituma atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye. Urukiko rwemeje ko urega yahabwa indishyi zitandukanye zirimo n’indishyi z’ibangamira burambe mu kazi bituma urega ajuririra icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko urukiko rwabanje rwagennye indishyi z’ibangamirabumbe ntaho rushingiye. Mu ibiranisha ry’uru rubanza, Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko rwarageneye Ndahimana indishyi z'ibangamira ry'uburambe mu kazi no kuba rwarategetswe ko hasubizwa amafaranga yatakajwe ntaho rushingiye. Urega avuga ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwategetse ko hatangwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kandi uzisaba ataragaragaje ko hari akazi yari asanzwe afite mu gihe impanuka yabaga. Akomeza avuga ko hanagenwe indishyi z’ibyakoreshejwe zidahuye n’ibimenyetso byatanzwe kandi n’ibyo bimenyetso bikaba bitujuje ubuziranenge. Ndahimana we asobanura ko akwiriye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kuko yari afite imodoka zikora akazi akaba rero yaratwaraga imodoka ariko ubu akaba atakibibasha. Akomeza avuga ko banagaragaje ibimenyetso bigaragaza neza indishyi basaba z’ibyakoreshejwe akaba abona nta kosa urukiko rwabanje rwakoze mu kuzigena. Incamake y’icyemezo: Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ni indishyi zo gutakaza akazi zikaba zihabwa umuntu wagaragaje ko hari akazi yari afite ubwo yakoraga impanuka bityo Ndahimana akaba adakwirye kugenerwa izo ndishyi kuko atagaragaje ibimenyetso byerekana ko yari afite akazi. Ubujurire bwatanzwe bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’ itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3; Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’ imanza z’ imbonezamubano, iz’ ubucuruzi iz’ umurimo n’ iz’ Ubutegetsi ingingo ya 12, 111, 150, 152;

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Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri biturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, ingingo ya 13, 19. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2021/SC, Prime Insurance Company Ltd na Uwimanimpaye Jean Claude, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 02/12/2023; RADA 0025/12/CS, NAEB na SINFOTEC Sarl, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25 Mata 2014; RSOCAA 0061/12/CS, KALISA v. INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE DE BYUMBA (IPB) KALISA v. INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE DE BYUMBA (IPB), rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 02 Gicurasi 2014. RS/INJUST/RCOM 00004/2019/SC, Ruvugabigwi Ltd na BPR Ltd., rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 06 Ugushyingo 2020. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye bikomotse ku mpanuka yo ku wa 24/01/2018, tabereye mu Mudugudu wa Gicubuka, mu Kagari ka Mugogwe, Umurenge wa Rusatira, Akarere ka Huye, ikozwe n’ imodoka ya Truck Mercedes Benz ifite plaque RAD 775F/Semi -Remorque RL1124 yari itwawe n’ uwitwa Twishime Emmanuel Manase , igonga moto TVS victor RD 679N babisikanaga itwawe na Siborurema Jean Bosco ahetse Ndahimana Albert barakomereka bikomeye, ubwumvikane ntibwashoboka kugeza baregeye Urukiko. [2] Mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye uhagarariye Ndahimana Albert yasabaga ko kubera ko uregwa yanze ubwumvikane, uwahohotewe yagenerwa indishyi zitandukanye, harimo: indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, indishyi z’ibangamiraburanga, indishyi z’akababaro, indishyi z’uburambe mu kazi, gusubizwa amafaranga yatakaje mu rubanza n’ay’igihembo cya avocat, ay’ikurikiranarubanza no gusubizwa amagarama; avuga kandi ko indishyi zatangwa hashingiwe ku bumuga buhoraho bwa 35% bwatanzwe na muganga, no kuri SMIG ya 20.000frw. [3] Uhagarariye Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited, we si ko yabibonaga kuko yavugaga ko Ndahimana Albert yasabye indishyi z’umurengera, zimwe muri zo zidashingiye ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso, ari yo mpamvu indishyi zitatanzwe kubera amananiza ya Ndahimana Albert, asaba gusuzuma ikirego no gutanga indishyi hashingiwe kuri SMIG ya 2500frw, aho kuba 20.000frw. [4] Urwo rubanza rwaraburanishijwe, Urukiko Rwisumbuye ruha agaciro ibimenyetso byagaragajwe n’ urega, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Ndahimana Albert gifite ishingiro, maze rutegeka Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited kwishyura Ndahimana Albert indishyi zikurikira: Indishyi y’ibangamirabukungu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo cyenda na bine na magana inani na makumyabiri n’abiri (3.494.822FRW); Indishyi y’ibangamira ry’uburanga ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atandatu na makumyabiri (1.620.000frw); Indishyi y’akababaro ingana n’amafaranga y’u

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Rwanda ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo itatu na bibiri (432.000frw) ; Indishyi y’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo ine (540.000frw); Indishyi y’ibyakoreshejwe mu kwivuza no kugura ibyangombwa/ibyemezo bitandukanye ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi mirongo itatu n’umunani na magana ane na mirongo irindwi n’icyenda(38.479frw); Indishyi y’amafaranga y’ingendo, amafaranga yakoreshejwe ku mafunguro, n’amafaranga yakoresheje mu gukurikirana urubanza, angana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000frw); Amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe y’igihembo cya Avocat(1.000.000frw) no gusubiza Ndahimana Albert amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama. [5] Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited yajuririye urwo rubanza muri uru Rukiko, ikirego cyandikwa kuri no RCA 000/2022/HC/NYZ, ruburanishwa ku wa 11/09/2023, Ndahimana Albert aburanirwa na Me Nyiramongi Valerie, Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited iburanirwa na Me Mwesijye Livingstone, uyu avuga muri make ko Urukiko rwarageneye Ndahimana Albert indishyi z'ibangamira ry'uburambe mu kazi ntaho rushingiye, runategeka hasubizwa amafaranga yatakajwe ntaho rushingiye; Me Nyiramongi Valerie uburanira Ndahimana Albert we akavuga ko ibyo Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited ivuga ntaho ibishingira mu rwego rw’ amategeko kuko ibyo Urukiko rwamugeneye rwabisobanuye kandi Ndahimana Albert akaba yari afite imodoka zifite akazi kuburyo atafatwa nk’ utaragiraga icyo akora. [6] Ibibazo bisuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba: a. Urukiko rwarageneye Ndahimana Albert indishyi z'ibangamira ry'uburambe mu kazi n’ uko rwategetswe ko hasubizwa amafaranga yatakajwe ntaho rushingiye; b. Indishyi z’ ikurikiranarubanza no guhemba Avoka II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwarageneye Ndahimana Albert indishyi z'ibangamira ry'uburambe mu kazi n’ uko rwategetswe ko hasubizwa amafaranga yatakajwe ntaho rushingiye [7] Me Mwesijye Livingstone uburanira Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited, avuga ko basanga indishyi zategetswe nta shingiro cyane ko indishyi z'ibangamira ry'uburambe mu kazi zihabwa uwahohotewe mu mpanuka usangwe afite icyo akora kizwi bityo rero kuba ntacyo yakoraga kizwi nta ndishyi zatangwa, ko icyemezo cyafashwe ku ndishyi zavuzwe haruguru kigomba guteshwa agaciro cyane ko n'ingano y'ubumuga ubwayo afite itamuvutsa amahirwe yo gukora akazi ako ari ko kose , ko rero urega urega nta bimenyetso abitangira by’uko yakoraga ku buryo yabihererwaga indishyi hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, cyane cyane mu gace kerekeye uburambe mu kazi. Akomeza asobanura ko hari n’ imanza zatanze umurongo kuri icyo kibazo nk’ urubanza RCA 00004/2023/HC/MSZ rwaciwe n’ Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze n’ urubanza , RS/INJUST/00010/2021/SC rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga , zose zagiye zemeza ko izo ndishyi zidakwiye kuko kugirango izo ndishyi uzihabwe ugomba kuba waratakaje akazi kandi Ndahimana Albert we akaba ntako yatakaje, ko kandi bitagaragara ko ubumuga bwa 35/100 butagaragaza ko adashobora kugira icyo yimarira, ko rero atahabwa indishyi atagaragaje ibyo bimenyetso.

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[8] Ku bijyanye n’ izindi ndishyi zatanzwe, avuga ko iyo urebye igika cya 34 nicya 35 by'urubanza rujuririrwa usanga Urukiko rwambere rwarategetse ko hasubizwa ingano y'amafaranga ngo yatakajwe hagendewe ku mvugo z'uregwa mu bujurire ndetse no kubimenyetso byagaragajwe kandi iyo ubisuzumye usanga bitagaragaza ingano y'ubwishyu bwatanzwe ndetse ibindi bikaba bitujuje ubuziranenge k'uburyo byashingirwaho bitangirwa indishyi zisabwa, bityo agavuga ko asanga uregwa mu bujurire yasubizwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda igihumbi (1.000frw) ya Attestation kuko ari yo agaragariza ibimenyetso, na ho ku bindi nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira , hanashingiwe ku ngingo ya 13 (1) y’iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, kuko urega yagombye gutanga gihamya y’ibyo asaba gusubizwa. [9] Akomeza asobanura ko kuba Ndahimana Albert nta bimenyetso kandi ari we wari wareze wareze ku rwego rwa mbere basanga ibisabwa muri iyi ngingo bitagomba guhabwa ishingiro cyane ko binyuranije n’ingingo ya 12 (1) y’ Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, isobanura ko “urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda”, ko ari muri urwo rwego nta n’ ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’ urega ku rwego rwa mbere bijyanye n’ igihembo cya Avoka kuko basanga igihembo cy'avoka fatizo ari 500,000Frw kandi kikaba gikubiyemo n'ikurikirana rubanza bityo ko indishyi zagenwe ari umurengera ko icyemezo kuri izo ndishyi zigomba guteshwa agaciro hagatangwa 500,000Frw, kuko akubiyemo ikurikirana rubanza kuko avoka ari we ukurikirana urubanza bityo ko kugirango hatangwe igihembo kirenze 500,000Frw hagomba kuba hari ikimenyetso cy’ uko Avoka yayishyuwe koko. [10] Me Nyiramongi Valerie uburanira Ndahimana Albert avuga ko basanga Britam ibyo isobanura nta shingiro byahabwa mu bujurire kuko, nta nahamwe Urukiko rwagize ibyo rugena rudashingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ngo rutange ibisobanuro, ko ahubwo ubujurire bwatanzwe na Britam ari impamvu zo gutinza urubanza no kudashaka kwishyura indishyi yaciwe, no gukomeza gushora Ndahimana Albert mu manza; kuko indishyi zatanzwe Urukiko rwarazisobanuye mu gika cya 28 cy'urubanza RC 00001/2022/TGI/HYE rwajuririwe, bityo ko basanga Urukiko ko ubujurire bwa Britam butahabwa agaciro, ko ndetse ku bijyanye n’ izindi nshyi zatanzwe nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa ahubwo basanga ari amananiza yo gukomeza gushora Ndahimana Albert mu manza, kubera ko ko na byo Urukiko rwarabisobanuye mu gika cya 30 kugeza kuri 35 by'urubanza rwajuririwe. [11] Anavuga ko ku bijyanye n'indishyi z'uburambe ku kazi, mu Rukiko rubanza bagaragaje ko Ndahimana Albert yari afite imodoka zifite akazi, ko kandi Urukiko rujya gutanga indishyi zibangamiraburambe ku kazi mu gika cya 28 cy'urubanza rujuririrwa RC 00001/2022/TGI/HYE igika cya 28 rwabisobanuye, ariyo mpamvu iyo hasabwa indishyi bashingira kubumuga umuntu yasigaranye hashingiye ku ngingo ya 19 yiteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/8/2023, ko muri icyo gika bisobanuye neza, ari na ho Urukiko rwashingiye rumugenera izo ndishyi, bityo mu bujurire hakaba nta gikwiye guhindukaho, kubera ko niba Ndahimana Albert yaratwaraga umunsi wose, uyu munsi akaba atabasha kubikora kugirango abashe kwirengera, naho kubijyanye n’ imanza Britam ivuga ko zatanze umurongo, Urukiko rwazabisuzuma kuko ruzasanga ibyazivuzwemo ntaho bihuriye n’ ibireba Ndahimana kuko we yari afite akazi kuko yakoreshaga imodoka.

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[12] Kubijyanye n’ amafaranga yatakajwe, akomeza asobanura ko mu gika cya 36 cy'urubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwabisobanuye, naho kubijyanye n’ igihembo cya Avoka, nabyo nta kibazo kijyanye n’ amategeko babonamo kubera ko amasezerano ashobora kuba yanditse cyangwa atanditse, kuko ku gihembo cya Avoka ku rwego rwa mbere yari yasabye miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) ariko bagenerwa ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frws) bityo ko basanga urubanza rujuririrwa rutahinduka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza ni izijyanye no kumenya niba indishyi z’ ibangamiraburambe zishobora gutangwa ku muntu udafite akazi ahemberwa ariko ufite ibindi yikoreraga no kumenya niba izindi ndishyi zatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere nta gishingiweho. [14] Ku bijyanye n’ indishyi z’ ibangamiraburambe, impaka zijyanye na byo zahawe igisubizo n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 02/12/2023 haburana Prime Insurance Company Ltd na Uwimanimpaye Jean Claude aho urwo Rukiko rwagaragaje ko indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, zigomba kumvikana nk’indishyi zo gutakaza akazi, ko abatakaza akazi ari abari bagafite bakagatakaza kubera impanuka, ko umuntu utagaragaza ko hari akazi yari afite ubwo yakoraga impanuka nta ndishyi z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi ashobora guhabwa. [15] Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga rukaba rwarasobanuye ibivuzwe haruguru rwumvikanisha neza ibiteganywa n’ ingingo ya 19, igika cya 4, y’Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri biturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zitangwa mu bihe bikurikira: - Gutakaza amahirwe y’akazi ku munyeshuri wo mu mashuri yisumbuye, uwo mu mashuri y’imyuga, uwo mu mashuri makuru cyangwa andi angana na yo; - Gutakaza uburambe mu kazi ku muntu wari usanzwe akora. […] Mu rurimi rw’igifaransa iyi ngingo yanditswe muri aya magambo: Le préjudice de carrière s’entend: - soit de la perte de chance certaine d’une carrière à laquelle peut raisonnablement espérer un élève ou un étudiant de l’enseignement secondaire, technique, supérieur ou leur équivalent; - soit de la perte de carrière subie par une personne déjà engagée dans la vie active. […], Urwo Rukiko rwanasobanuye kandi ko nubwo mu ndishyi zivugwa mu ngingo imaze kuvugwa hari izo mu kinyarwanda bise ko ari iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, Urukiko rusanga ari izo gutakaza akazi nk’uko biri mu rurimi rw’igifaranga, hakaba harabayeho guhindura nabi ururimi hakurikijwe imiterere y’izo ndishyi, kuko iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zitabaho1. [16] Mu kugena indishyi z’ ibangamira burambe , Urukiko Rwisumbuye narwo rwashingiye kuri iyi ngingo, runasobanura ko imvugo ya Me Mwesijye Livingstone uhagarariye Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited yuko izo ndishyi zitatangwa kuko zihabwa gusa umuntu wagize impanuka ariko yari asanzwe akora, ko ariko rusanga ibyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko kuba atarakoreraga umushahara bitavuze ko adakora, kuko umuntu wese akora akitunga, bityo, kuba

1Urubanza no RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 02/12/2023 haburana Prime Insurance Company Ltd na Uwimanimpaye Jean Claude, para. 23 et ss; Reba Imirongo yatanzwe mu manza zaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga, Ugushyingo 2022, Mutarama 2023, p.6.

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impanuka yarasigiye Ndahimana Albert ubumuga buhora bungana na 35% akwiriye kugenerwa izo ndishyi. [17] Rushingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa, rugasanga n’ ubwo izo ndishyi zatanzwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko ryavuzwe ariko, Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga rwabitanzeho umurongo uko byasobanuwe, urubanza rujuririrwa rukaba runyuranyije n’ uwo murongo watanzwe, ku bw’ ibyo izo z’ibangamiraburambe zatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo ine (540.000frw) binyuranyije n’ uwo murongo zikaba zigomba kuvanwaho kuri uru rwego. [18] Ku bijyanye n’ impaka zo kumenya niba izindi ndishyi by’ umwihariko izijyanye n’ ibindi byakoreshejwe zatanzwe ntagishingiweho, bigaruka ku nshingano y’ urega mu kugaragaza ibimenyetso yabibura uwarezwe agatsinda, uru Rukiko rusanga impaka nk’ izo zarakemuwe mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga nk’ urubanza RADA 0025/12/CS rwo ku wa 25 Mata 2014 haburana NAEB na SINFOTEC Sarl2 n’ urubanza RSOCAA 0061/12/CS rwo ku wa 02 Gicurasi 2014, haburana na Kalisa v. INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE DE BYUMBA (IPB) Kalisa v. INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE DE BYUMBA (IPB)3. Ibikubiye muri izi manza ni na byo byashimangiwe kandi n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga nko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00004/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 06 Ugushyingo 2020 haburana Ruvugabigwi Ltd na BPR Ltd aho rwasobanuye ko ingingo ya 12 , igika cya mbere y’ Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’ imanza z’ imbonezamubano, iz’ ubucuruzi iz’ umurimo n’ iz’ Ubutegetsi iteganya ko urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ ibyo aregera, ko iyo abibuze uwarezwe atsinda, naho ingingo ya 3 y’ Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’ itangwa ryabyo igateganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ ibyo aburana (…), maze urwo Rukiko rusobanura ko izo ngingo zumvikanisha ko urega afite inshingano zo gutanga ibimenyetso bigaragaza ukuri kw’ ibyo aregera yabibura akaba atsinzwe4. [19] Ku rwego rwa mbere , iki kibazo n’ ubundi Me Mwesijye Livingstone uhagarariye Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited yari yakigarutseho abwira Urukiko ko asanga urega yasubizwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda igihumbi (1.000frw) ya Attestation kuko ari yo agaragariza ibimenyetso, naho ku bindi nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira ndetse ibi bikaba bishimangirwa n’ingingo ya 13 (1) y’iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, kuko urega yagombye gutanga gihamya y’ibyo asaba gusubizwa, bityo, kuba urega nta bimenyetso abitangira kandi ari we wareze, ko basanga ibisabwa muri iyi ngingo bitagomba guhabwa ishingiro cyane ko binyuranije n’ingingo ya 12 (1) y’ Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, isobanura ko “urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda” nk’ uko bigaragara mu gika cya 33 cy’ urubanza rujuririrwa. [20] Uru Rukiko rushingiye kubyasobanuwe haruguru by’ imirongo yatanzwe bijyanye n’ inshingano z’ uregwa, n’ ibimaze gusobanurwa, rugasanga impamvu y’ ubujurire ya Britam kuri iyi ngingo ntashingiro igomba guhabwa, kuko uretse nuko mu kugena izo ndishyi , Urukiko

2Icyegeranyo V. 2 - 2015 Mata, 2015, p.3. 3Icyegeranyo V. 1 - 2015 Mutarama, 2015, p.83. 4Urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00004/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 06 Ugushyingo 2020 haburana Ruvugabigwi Ltd na BPR Ltd, para. 55, rwabonywe kuri: https://decisia.judiciary.gov.rw/rlr, ku wa 20/09/2023.

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Rwisumbuye rwashingiye ku cyemezo cy’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga uko bigaragara mu gika cya 30 cy’ uru rubanza ,aho rwagaragaje ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu rubanza RADAA 00005/2017/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 14 Kamena 2019, rwanzuye ko indishyi zisabwa n’ababuranyi zigenwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko iyo zifite ishingiro[….], Me Mwesijye Livingstone uhagarariye Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited, akaba nta kindi yagaragaje kivuguruza ibi byashingiweho , nta n’ indi nenge agaragaza yavuguruza ko izo ndishyi zitari zifite ishingiro kuburyo zitari kugenwa mu bushishozi bw’ Urukiko hanashingiwe kubimaze gusobanurwa no kubiteganywa n’ ingingo ya 150 y’ Itegeko y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya mu gace kayo ka gatanu(50): Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza ibi bikurikira: “… urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa…”. Ku bw’ ibyo impamvu y’ ubujurire kuri iri ngingo ikaba nta shingiro igomba guhabwa.

Kubijyanye n’ amafaranga y’ ikurikiranarubanza n’ igihembo cy’ Avoka [21] Me Nyiramongi Valerie uburanira Ndahimana Albert avuga ko kuba ikomeje gushora Ndahimana Albert mu manza, asaba ko Urukiko rwajuririwe rwategeka Britam kumwishyura igihembo cya avocat gihwanye n'ibihumbi magana atanu (500 000 Frs). [22] Mwesijye Livingstone uburanira Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited, avuga ko izo ndishyi ntazo Ndahimana Albert yahabwa hari ibyo nawe aramutse atsindiwe, na Britama ikagira ibyo itsindira. Kuri iyi ngingo Nyiramongi Valerie uburanira Ndahimana Albert avuga ko babihariye ubushishozi bw’ Urukiko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Ingingo ya 111 y’ Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’ imanza z’ imbonezamubano, iz’ ubucuruzi, iz’ umurimo n’ iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza, ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo …, ingingo ya 152 y’ iryo Tegeko yo igateganya ko uregwa mu Rukiko rujuririrwa ashobora na we kugira ibyo asaba yiregura naho iya 3 y’ Itegeko no 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryavuzwe igaha umuburanyi inshingano yo kugaragaza ukuri kw’ ibyo avuga . [24] Urukiko rushingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa , no kubiteganywa n’ iyi ngingo rugasanga kuva hari ibyo buri wese atsindiye mu bujurire indishyi z’ ikurikiranarubanza no guhemba avoka zitagomba gutangwa ; bityo imikirize y’ urubanza RC 00001/2022/TGI/HYE rwaciwe ku wa 20/10/2022 n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa HUYE ikaba igomba guhinduka ku bijyanye n’ indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe kuko izatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo ine (540.000frw) zitagombaga gutangwa zigomba kuvanwaho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe.

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[26] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’ urubanza RC 00001/2022/TGI/HYE rwaciwe ku wa 20/10/2022 n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa HUYE ihindutse ku bijyanye n’ indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe kuko izatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo ine (540.000frw) zitagombaga gutangwa, zikaba zivanyweho. [27] Rutegetse Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited kwishyura Ndahimana Albert indishyi yagenewe n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye mu rubanza rujuririrwa zikurikira: a. Indishyi y’ibangamirabukungu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo cyenda na bine na magana inani na makumyabiri n’abiri (3.494.822FRW); b. Indishyi y’ibangamira ry’uburanga ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atandatu na makumyabiri (1.620.000frw); c. Indishyi y’akababaro ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo itatu na bibiri (432.000frw); d. Indishyi y’ibyakoreshejwe mu kwivuza no kugura ibyangombwa/ibyemezo bitandukanye ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi mirongo itatu n’umunani na magana ane na mirongo irindwi n’icyenda(38.479frw); e. Indishyi y’amafaranga y’ingendo, amafaranga yakoreshejwe ku mafunguro, n’amafaranga yakoresheje mu gukurikirana urubanza, angana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000frw); f. Amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe y’igihembo cya Avocat(1.000.000frw); g. Rutegetse kandi Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited gusubiza Ndahimana Alberet amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama, bigakorwa mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe kuva uru rubanza rubaye ndakuka. [28] Rutegetse Ndahimana Albert gusubiza Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited igice cy’ igarama yatanze ijurira, ni ukuvuga amafaranga y’ u Rwanda ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000 Frw), kuva uru rubanza rubaye ndakuka bitaba ibyo agakurwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta. [29] Rutegetse ko amafaranga y’ ingwate yatanzweho ingwate na Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Limited mu kujurira ahwanye n’ ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza akaba aheze mu isanduku ya Leta.