UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZABAMWITA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZABAMWITA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-30 - Case/document no.: RPA/ECON00038/2023/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

Text

Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZABAMWITA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RPA/ECON00038/2023/HC/KIG (Uwamariya, J. P.) 30 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Guhindura inyito y’icyaha – Ni uburenganzira n’inshingano umucamanza afite mu gihe cyose asanga ibikorwa uregwa akurikiranyweho bidahuye n’inyito byahawe n’Inkiko zabanje, hakurikijwe ihame ry’uko umucamanza aregerwa ibikorwa bigize icyaha ataregerwa inyito yacyo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Nzabamwita mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, bumukurirkiranyeho icyaha cyo gusaba, kwakira indonke, aho yakiriye 200,000Frw kugirango Mutamuliza yemererwe kubaka inzu ye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko icyo yemera ari ugukoresha ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe uburiganya, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahindurwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwaka no kwakira ruswa, maze abijuririra muri uru Rukiko Rukuru, asaba ko icyaha aregwa cyahindurirwa inyito, agahanirwa icyaha cyo kwihesha ikintu cy’undi mu buryo bw’uburiganya. Mu bujurire bwe, Uregwa asobanura ko ibigize icyaha cyo kwaka no kwakira ruswa bituzuye, ko naho byakuzura bitaba icyo cyaha, bityo akaba asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka kikitwa icyaha cyo kwihesha ikintu cy’undi mu buryo bw’uburiganya. Avuga ko ayo mafaranga 200,000 yahawe na Mutamuliza yayamuhaye kugira ngo amushakire icyangombwa,

akaza kumuha ikidahura n'ikibanza cye, ikindi akaba yarahemukiye Rurangwa nka nyiri cyangombwa cyakorejwe na Mutamuliza, kuko byatumye ajya kwisobanura muri RIB, nk’uko byasobanuwe n’abatangabuhamya ko ariko byagenze. Uregwa akomeza asobanura ko n’ubwo asaba ko inyito y’icyaha ihinduka, nta bikorwa bigize icyaha yakoze, kuko we yagiranye ikibazo n‘uwamuhaye amafaranga, nyuma akigirana n’ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge bwagize impuhwe zo gusenyera umuturage. Yakoresheje icyemezo cy’umuturanyi agira ngo “situation” ituze, abuze aho ahera icyaha acyita kwihesha ikintu cy’undi. Avuga kandi ko kwihesha ikintu cy’undi mu buryo bw’uburiganya na byo bitajyanye n’ibikorwa byabaye, kuko mu nyandiko itanga ikirego Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yatse ruswa ya 200.000Frw ngo akore ibiri mu nshingano ze kandi atari byo kuko gutanga ibyangombwa byo kubaka bitari mu nshingano ze, ko ariko atabujijwe gufasha umuntu gushaka icyangombwa. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe n’Uregwa nta shingiro zifite, kuko yitwaje uyu mwanya wo kuba SEDO mu Kagali maze yaka ariya mafaranga, kuvuga ko yayahawe na Mutamuliza kugira ngo amukorere Plan atari ukuri, dore ko atari ingenieur. Buvuga kandi ko na bwo bwemera ko ku kagari badatanga ibyangombwa, ko ariko Uregwa yagenzuye akabo nako hari abubaka nta byangombwa maze ntiya bitangira raporo, ndetse akoresha n’icyangombwa cya Rurangwa atabanje kumubwira icyo

agiye kugikoresha yitwaje umwanya yari afite, bityo uko urubanza rwaciwe bikaba bitagomba guhinduka. Incamake y’icyemezo: Guhindura inyito y’icyaha ni uburenganzira n’inshingano umucamanza afite mu gihe cyose asanga ibikorwa uregwa akurikiranyweho bidahuye n’inyito byahawe n’Inkiko zabanje, hakurikijwe ihame ry’uko umucamanza aregerwa ibikorwa bigize icyaha ataregerwa inyito yacyo. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2.

Page 2

Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 174. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA00004/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ntezirizaza Boniface rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/10/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Nzabamwita Alain Fabien icyaha cyo gusaba, kwakira indonke kugira ngo hakorwe ikinyuranyije n'amategeko, aho buvuga ko yari umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’akagari, yakira 200.000Frw ayahawe na Mutamuriza Agnes kugira ngo uyu yemererwe kubaka inzu nta byangombwa. [2] Bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo aburana ahakana icyaha, avuga ko icyo yemera ari ugukoresha ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe uburiganya, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahindurwa. [3] Urukiko rwemeje ko Nzabamwita Alain Fabien ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwaka no kwakira ruswa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 6, n’ihazabu ya 600.000Frw, rutegeka ko asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza. [4] Nzabamwita Alain Fabien ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza arujurira mu Rukiko Rukuru ubujurire buhabwa RPA/ECON00038/2023/HC/KIG. Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku wa 25/11/2024 Nzabamwita Alain Fabien yunganiwe na Me Sebagabo Mbera Patrick, ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habimana Donath, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [5] Nzabamwita Alain Fabien n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko yajuriye kuko ibigize icyaha bituzuye, ko ariko naho byakuzura bitagize icyaha

cyo kwaka no kwakira ruswa, ko ahubwo inyito y’icyaha yahinduka kikitwa icyaha cyo kwihesha ikintu cy’undi mu buryo bw’uburiganya. Avuga ko urukiko ruramutse rubibonye ukundi rwamugabanyiriza ibihano rukanamusubikira. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko inyito y’icyaha itahinduka kuko yakoze iki cyaha yitwaje umwanya yari afite, bityo uko urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere bikaba bitagomba guhinduka. Ku kuba yagabanyirizwa ibihano akanasubikirwa, buvuga ko nta shingiro bifite kuko nta mpamvu ashingiraho abigariza.  Muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa niba ibikorwa Nzabamwita Alain Fabien ashinjwa bitagize icyaha cyo kwaka no kwakira ruswa, inyito y’icyaha ikaba yahinduka. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba ibikorwa Nzabamwita Alain Fabien ashinjwa bitagize icyaha cyo kwaka no kwakira ruswa, inyito y’icyaha ikaba yahinduka [7] Nzabamwita Alain Fabien avuga ko yari SEDO w'Akagali, akaba hari ibyo yari ashinzwe hari n’ibyo afasha abaturage, haza uwitwa Mutamuliza azana na Nzamurata, uyu Nzamurata akaba yari amuzi ariko Mutamuliza bataziranye, amubwira ko ashaka icyangombwa cyo kubaka, amukorera devis ya 200.000F nuko amafaranga ajya kuyashaka, amaze kuyabona ayashyikiriza Nzamurata nawe arayamuzanira, amushakira icyangombwa ariko kuko ikibanza kitari kimwanditseho ibyangombwa akaba atari we byasohokeyeho, aha dosiye umutopogaraphe agiye gupima avuga ko aho hantu hatemewe kuhatura, abimenyesha Mutamuliza ntiyabyumva, nuko aramubwira ngo amusubize amafaranga ye ariko na we amusaba kuyamuha yose ariko

Page 3

umutopographe arabyanga ngo ayo yakoreye ntiyayasubiza, Mutamuliza ajya kumurenga kwa gitifu arahasura asanga hatemerewe kubakwa ugendeye kuri masterplan nshyashya. [8] Avuga ko Mutamuliza yakomeje kumusaba kumuha ayo mafaranga yose amubwira ko ntayo afite amusaba gutegereza akazayashaka na we, arabyanga, nyuma amugira inama ko hari undi muntu ufite icyangombwa witwa Rurangwa, uyu amuha icyangombwa Mutamuliza agendeye kuri cyo arubaka, nyuma gitifu abonye inzu yuzuye amubaza uko byagenze avuga ko ari we wamuhaye icyangombwa, na Mutamuliza amusonurira uko byagenze maze bamusaba gusenya aranga, bamugira inama yo kumurega. [9] Avuga ko urukiko rubibonye ukundi rwamugabanyiriza ibihano rukanamusubikira. [10] Avuga ko yajuriye kubera ko atanyuzwe n'igihano yahawe ndetse n‘inyito y’icyaha, kuko Mutamuliza ayo mafaranga yayamuhaye kugira ngo amushakire icyangombwa. Arasaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha kikaba kwihesha ikintu cy'undi hakoreshejwe uburiganya nkuko n'abatangabuhamya babisobanuye, agashingira no kuba icyangombwa yamuhaye kidahura n'ikibanza cye, ikindi akaba yarahemukiye Rurangwa kuko byatumye ajya kwisobanura muri RIB. [11] Me Sebagabo Mbera Patrick avuga ko nubwo uwo yunganira asaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha ariko nta bikorwa bigize icyaha yakoze. Avuga ko ibi avuze ari na byo yavuze mu ibanzwa rye muri RIB, ko we yagiranye ikibazo n‘uwamuhaye amafaranga, nyuma

akigirana n'ubuyobozi bw'Umurenge bwagize impuhwe zo gusenyera umuturage. Avuga ko Nzabamwita Alain Fabien kugira ngo akoreshe icyemezo cy'umuturanyi kwari ukugira ngo situation ituze, abuza aho ahera icyaha acyita kwihesha ikintu cy'undi. Avuga ko mu nshingano za Nzabamwita hatarimo gutanga ibyangombwa hanasuzumwe n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, bityo akaba ari nta cyaha yakoze. [12] Avuga ko kandi kwihesha ikintu cy’undi mu buryo bw’uburiganya na byo bitajyanye n’ibikorwa byabaye, urukiko Rwisumbuye mu kumuhamya icyaha rukaba rwarashingiye ku bikorwa bitagize icyaha. Avuga ko mu nyandiko itanga ikirego ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yatse ruswa ya 200.000Frw ngo akore ibiri mu nshingano ze kandi atari byo kuko gutanga ibyangombwa byo kubaka bitari mu nshingano ze, ko ariko atabujije gufasha umuntu gusha icyangombwa. [13] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zigaragazwa na Nzabamwita Alain Fabien nta shingiro zifite, kuvuga ko Urukiko rwisumbuye rwibeshye ku nyito y’icyaha akaba ari nta kuri kubirimo, kuko Urukiko rwisumbuye rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 22 na 23 by’urubanza rwajuririwe, aho rwagagaraje impamvu ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwaka no kwakira ruswa. [14] Buvuga ko Nzabamwita nka SEDO, yitwaje uyu mwanya maze yaka aya mafaranga. Kuvuga ko Mutamuliza yayamuhaye ngo amukorere Plan, buvuga ko uyu atari ingenieur, ko ahubwo aruko yari SEDO. Buvuga ko ubu atagaragaza amasezerano

yagiranye na Mutamuliza yo kumushakira ibyangombwa. Buvuga ko na bwo bwemera ko ku kagari badatanga ibyangombwa, ko ariko Nzabamwita yabigenzuye akabona ko hari abubaka badafite icyangombwa cyo kubaka ntiyabitangira raporo ahubwo amushakira icyangombwa, akaba yaratse Karangwa icyangombwa cye atamubwiye icyo agiye kugikoresha yitwaje umwanya yari afite, bityo uko urubanza rwaciwe bikaba bitagomba guhinduka. [15] Kuba avuga ko urukiko rubibonye ukundi rwamugabanyiriza ibihano akanasubikirwa, buvuga ko busanga nta shingiro ryabyo, cyane ko atagaragaza impamvu ashingiraho, bugasaba Urukiko Rukuru kwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza RP/ECON00001/2022/TGI/GSBO, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, ku wa 30/06/2022 idahindutse mu ngingo zayo zose, ibihano Nzabamwita yahawe bikaba bihagije mu kumukosora, gutanga isomo no gukumira ibyaha bishya ku wahirahira kwishora mu bikorwa nk’ibyo yakoze. [16] Ubushinjacyaha bwabajijwe impamvu bwemeza ko icyaha Nzabamwita yakoze ari ukwaka no kwakira ruswa kandi mu nshingano ze adatanga ibyangombwa, busubiza ko Mutamuliza

Page 4

yatumye Nzamurata, uyu Nzamurata amubwira ko aziranye na SEDO ko yamufasha akamushakira ibyangombwa, Mutamuliza aha Nzamurata 200.000Frw uyu na we ayaha Nzabamwita na we amuha icyangombwa cy’undi muntu, ariko nk’umuyobozi akaba yari azi ko iriya nzu yarimo kubakwa nta cyangombwa yari ifite ntiyatanga raporo, ariyo mpamvu yakiriye ari mafaranga, akaba ari yo mpamvu agomba guhamwa n’icyaha cyo kwaka no kwakira indonke.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Ikibazo cyo guhindura inyito y’icyaha cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA00004/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/10/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntezirizaza Boniface (igika cya 27) ko Guhindura inyito y’icyaha ari uburenganzira n’inshingano umucamanza afite mu gihe cyose asanga ibikorwa uregwa akurikiranyweho bidahuye n’inyito byahawe n’Inkiko zabanje, hakurikijwe ihame ry’uko umucamanza aregerwa ibikorwa bigize icyaha ataregerwa inyito yacyo. [18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Mutamuliza asobanura icyo aregera mu bugenzacyaha, yavuze ko arega uwitwa Nzamurata Aimable ko yamusabye kumushakira icyangombwa cyo kubaka ahantu afite ikibanza Nyabagendwa, kuko bari baziranye amubwira ko ibyo ari abintu byoroshye hari SEDO wa Nyabagendwa ushakira abantu ibyangombwa byo kubaka byemewe, ko azamubwira na we akamushakira icyangombwa cyo kubaka, nyuma aza kumubwira ko Sedo wa Nyabagendwa bita Fabien yamusabye 200.000Frw, amafaranga ayaha Nzamurata Aimable arayamushyira Nzamurata Aimable amubwira ko Sedo agiye kubikurikirana akubaka, ko ariko atagomba kuhagaragara, ko azahagaragara inzu yuzuye. Ngo bamubwiye ko ari tayari niba afite ibikoresho, na we abasubiza ko ari tayari nta kibazo, ahita azana ibikoresho byose bisabwa batangira kubaka, ndetse Nzamurata Aimable akaba yaramubwiraga ko icyangombwa cyemewe gihari ko ariko atagomba kuhagaragara,

nyuma aza gutungurwa nuko inzu imaze gusakarwa no kuyikinga iteye n'umucanga inyuma, Nzamurata yamubwiye ko bamuhagaritse kubaka kandi bamwandikiye mu mazina atari aye (aya Mutamuriza), ngo ahita agira amakenga yumva ko Nzamurata yamubeshye ajya ku Murenge wa Rilima kubaza, ababwiye ko inzu ari iye bamubwira ko icyangombwa kitari mu mazina ye bahita bamubuza kubaka bamuha n’ibaruwa imusaba gusenya. [19] Nzamurata watumwe na Mutamuliza Anges kumushakira icyangombwa na we akifashisha Nzabamwita, na we yasobanuye ko inzu bayubakiye ku cyangombwa kitari ku mazina ya Mutamuliza yahawe na Nzabamwita acyohereje akoresheje telefone, ajya kugifata kwa Musirikare Felix ufite secretariat public, Nzabamwita akajya amubwira ko n’icyanditse ku mazina ya Mutamuliza kigiye gusohoka ariko inzu irinda yuzura atarakizana. Yasobanuye ko ariwe wamubwiye ko Mutamuriza atagomba kuhagera, ngo hakaba n’igihe yamuhamagaraga amubaza icyo cyangombwa ntamwitabe. [20] Uwitwa Rurangwa Jean Claude nyiri icyangombwa inzu ya Mutamuliza yubakiweho yasobanuriye ubugenzacyaha ko we yatse icyangombwa cyo kubaka mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko aragihabwa, nyuma aza kumva SEDO wa Nyabagendwa aho afite ikibanza azubaka amusaba kumwereka icyo cya ngombwa afite ngo arebe ko ari icy’ukuri, akimwoherereza kuri watsap, ko kuva yakimwoherereza atongeye kumubona. [21] Urukiko rubona ko Nzabamwita Alain Fabien abazwa mu

bugenzacyaha yahakanye icyaha avuga ko ntaho ahurira na cyo, ko n’inzu yubakwaga ari iya Rurangwa. Ariko ageze mu bushinjacyaha yavuze ko 200.000Frw yayahawe na Nzamurata atumwe na Mutamuriza, ngo azamugerere ku bayobozi bose bashobora kumubangamira kuko yari agiye kubaka atagira ibyangombwa, ngo arayabagabanya, naho icyangobwa cyo kubaka kiri mu mazina yamuhaye akaba yaragisabye Rurangwa amubwira ko hari umuturage bagiye gufasha akakimuha kuko inzu yageze hagati bigatangira gusakuza, nyuma inzu irubakwa irarangira.

Page 5

[22] Urukiko rurasanga usesenguye imvugo za Nzabamwita zo mu bugenzacyaha ibikorwa yakoze byakwitwa gutanga indonke kugira ngo hakorwa ikinyuranyije n’amategeko kuko yaba yarakiriye aya mafaranga ngo bazakingire ikibaba Mutamuriza azubake ari nta byangombwa afite. Ariko usesenguye imvugo za Batamuriza, iza Nzamurata n’iza Rurangwa, usanga aya mafaranga Nzabamwita Alain Fabien atarakiriye ngo bazakingire ikibaba Mutamuliza, ahubwo urukiko rukabona ko yayaherewe kugira ngo azamufashe gushaka icyangombwa cyo kubaka, n‘ikimenyimenyi akaba yarakimuhaye uretse ko yamuhaye ikitari cyo akivanye kuri Rurangwa na bwo akoresheje uburiganya, akanamubuza no kuza ku nyubako, ari byo bigaragaza ko icyaha yakoze atari icyo kwakira indonke ngo hakorwe ikinyuranyije n’amategeko, ko ahubwo icyo yakoze ari ukwambura ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe uburiganya kuko mu nshingano za Nzabamwita Alain Fabien hatarimo gutanga ibyangombwa byo kubaka. [23] Ingingo ya 174 Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu wese wihesha umutungo w’undi, imari ye yose cyangwa igice cyayo mu buryo bw’uburiganya yiyitiriye izina ritari ryo cyangwa umurimo adafitiye ububasha cyangwa akizeza icyiza cyangwa agatinyisha ko hari ikibi kizaba, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka ibiri (2) ariko kitarenze imyaka itatu

(3) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [24] Hakurikijwe isesengura ryakozwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ibikorwa Nzabamwita Alain Fabien yakoze bihura n’ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo, kuko yahawe 200.000Frw yizeza uyamuhaye ko azamufasha gushaka ibyangombwa byo kubaka, amuha icyangombwa kitanditse ku mazina ye amubwira ko n’icyanditse ku mazina ye kiri bugufi, atuma yubaka mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ubuyobozi bw’umurenge bumutegeka gusenya. Bityo akaba agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo itanu (750.000Frw), iyi hazabu ikaba igabanyijwe kuko ari ubwa mbere Nzabamwita Alain Fabien akurikiranweho icyaha, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka d, y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano, igihano cy’ihazabu kikaba gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [25] Ku kugabanyirizwa ibihano n‘isubikagihano Nzabamwita Alain Fabien asaba, urukiko rurasanga atari ngombwa ko bisuzumwa, kuko iki gifungo cy’imyaka itatu yakirangirije mu igororero kuko gitangira kubarwa ku wa 09/12/2021, umunsi

yafashwe agafungwa n’ubugenzacyaha, ahubwo akaba agomba guhita arekurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nzabamwita Alain Fabien bufite ishingiro. [27] Rwemeje ko urubanza RP/ECON00001/2022/TGI/GSBO rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku nyito y’icyaha. [28] Rwemeje ko Nzabamwita Alain Fabien ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwihesha ikintu cy’undi mu buryo bw’uburiganya. [29] Rumuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) gitangira kubarwa ku wa 09/12/2021, n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo itanu (750.000Frw). [30] Rutegetse ko Nzabamwita Alain Fabien ahita arekurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa kuko iki gifungo yakirangirije mu igororero.

Page 6

[31] Rutegetse ko Nzabamwita Alain Fabien asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko yakurikiranwe afunzwe.