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Rwanda Case Law

Search judgments by proposition, citation, court, judge or legal topic, then move directly into the source-grounded case analysis.

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Criminal law RPAA01330/2024/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BAKUNDUKIZE

The Court of Appeal held that the complainant was over 18 and found the prosecution had not proved rape beyond reasonable doubt. The conviction was quashed and the accused acquitted.

  • Change of charge
  • Sexual offences
  • Standard of proof
  • Appeal procedure
  • Criminal-law
  • Sexual-offences
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Criminal law RPAA 00226/2025/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v BIZIMANA

The Court of Appeal upheld Bizimana Sosthène’s conviction for cannabis trafficking and confirmed the minimum reduced sentence of 15 years’ imprisonment and a 5,000,000 Frw fine.

  • Drug trafficking
  • Sentencing
  • Change of charge
  • Mitigating circumstances
  • Criminal-law
  • Drug-trafficking
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Criminal law RPAA 00443/2023/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HAKIZIYAREMYE

The Court of Appeal rejected provocation, reclassified the offence to intentional assault causing pain, and reduced the sentence under the newer, lighter law.

  • Assault
  • Battery
  • Sentencing
  • Mitigating circumstances
  • Change of charge
  • Appeal procedure
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Criminal law RPAA 00795/2024/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTEGEREJIMANA

The charge was changed to intentional assault because the medical report established the victim died of tuberculosis, not from the assault. The accused was sentenced to three years' imprisonment and a fine of 300,000 FRW, as he did not unequivocally admit guilt before the first instance court and the circumstances did not warrant further mitigation.

  • Change of charge
  • Assault
  • Mitigating circumstances
  • Sentencing
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Criminal law RPAA 00496/2023/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWIRAGIYE

The defendant did not have a qualifying mental illness at the time of the offence, as confirmed by expert medical reports; his impairment was due to voluntary drug use, which does not exempt criminal liability. The facts and evidence support reclassifying the charge from trafficking to possession and use, as the quantity was small and there was insufficient proof of intent to distribute. The appropriate sentence is two years' imprisonment, which the defendant has already served, warranting his immediate release.

  • Drug offences
  • Mental incapacity
  • Sentencing
  • Change of charge
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Criminal law RPAA 00331/2023/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs MATESO

The court found that Mateso Nepomuscène intentionally killed his wife using a machete to the face, which is a vital part of the body, and that his explanations of provocation or mistaken identity were not credible. The court held that the charge should be changed to intentional homicide, but the sentence could not be increased beyond 15 years since only the accused appealed.

  • Murder
  • Change of charge
  • Provocation
  • Sentencing
  • Appeal procedure
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Criminal law RPA/ECON00038/2023/HC/KIG

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZABAMWITA

The High Court recharacterized the offence from bribery to fraudulently obtaining another’s property, reduced the sentence to three years, and ordered release.

  • Change of charge
  • Fraud
  • Corruption
  • Sentencing
  • Change-of-charge
  • Criminal-appeal
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Criminal law RPAA 00064/2018/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA V. NSANZUMUHIRE

The Court of Appeal recharacterized the offence from inciting public disorder to genocide minimization and reduced the sentence to five years.

  • Genocide denial
  • Genocide minimization
  • Change of charge
  • Evidence assessment
  • Burden of proof
  • Genocide-minimization
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Criminal law RLR V.1 - 2014

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWAMURENGEYE

Evidence established intent to kill through repeated blows and motive, qualifying the act as parricide. Previous judgments were invalid due to lack of jurisdiction. The trial must commence anew in the competent court.

  • Parricide
  • Change of charge
  • Jurisdiction
  • Intent
  • Mental health in criminal liability
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Rwanda decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.