Gakwaya v.Michel

Gakwaya v.Michel

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-04-11 - Case/document no.: RCOM AA 0048/12/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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Gakwaya v.Michel [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – 2014SC –Nº RCOM AA 0048/12/CS (Havugiyaremye, P.J., Kayitesi R. na Mukandamage, J.)11 Mata 2014] Amategeko y’ubucuruzi–Amasezerano y’ubugure–Niba uwagurishije ariwe nyirabayazana kugira ngo umuguzi atabona inguzanyo–Igurisha ni amasezerano atuma umwe yiyemeza gutanga ikintu naho undi akishyura igiciro cyemeranijwe–Uburyo igurisha rishobora kuba riteye–Iyo umuguzi atishyuye ikiguzi umugurisha ashobora gusaba ko amasezerano aseswa–Nta mpamvu yo gutsimbarara ku masezerano y’agateganyo mu gihe aya burundu ahari–Integeko ryo kuwa 30 Nyakanga 1888 rishyiraho igitabu cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano yerekeye amasezerano n’inshingano zumvikanyweho ,Ingingo ya 263,265,331. Ububasha bw’inkiko–Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga–Hashingiwe ku gaciro k’icyo amasezerano ashingiyeho–Ingingo ya 43 igika cya 2, agace ka 7, y’Itegeko No 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Amategeko y’imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi–Ububasha mu gutanga ikirego–Niba uwahawe ubutumwa bwo kugurisha afite n’ububasha bwo gutanga ikirego–Mugihe ufite ubutumwa bwo kugurisha asinyanye n’umuguzi amasezerano y’ubugure akubiyemo inshingano zigomba kubahirizwa–Nta wundi ushobora gutanga ikirego kirebana n’izo nshingano usibye uwahawe ubutumwa bwo kugurisha. Amategeko y’imiburanishirize y’imanza

z’ubucuruzi–indishyi–Kugena indishyi mu gihe ari umurengera–Inshingano z’uwajuriye mu gutanga ibisobanuro kubyo avuga kugira ngo ahabwe ibyo asaba– Ingingo ya 142, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Michel yahawe ubutumwa na se kugira ngo amugurishirize Hotel Ibis.yaje kugirana amasezerano y’Ubugure bw’agateganyo na Gakwaya, nyuma hakurikiraho aya burundu,bumvikana ko Icyiciro cya mbere cy’ubwishyu kizaturuka ku nguzanyo,Hôtel igatangwaho ingwate,transfer ikazakorwa ubwishyu bwose bwatanzwe. Inguzanyo yaje kubura maze Gakwaya yandikirwa na Michel asabwa ko basesa amasezerano, anatanga n’Ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye asaba iseswa ryayo masezerano, Gakwaya nawe atanga ikindi asaba ko amasezerano yukubahirizwa, Urukiko rwemeza ko masezerano asheshwe kubera yuko Gakwaya atabashije kuyubahiriza. Gakwaya yajuririye kino cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, narwo rwemezako imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse. Ntiyanyuzwe nimikirize nibwo ajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije ko Uwareze nta bubasha bwo kurega yari afite kuko ubwo yahawe bugarukira gusa ku butumwa bwo kugurisha ko kandi ariwe nyirabayazana wo gutuma amasezerano adasohora, ko ndetse yabujije banki kumuha inguzanyo ngo ashobore kwegukana Hôtel yaguze. Uwareze nawe yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko Rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Ikiburanwa ari ugusesa amasezerano hakaba nta gaciro ka 20.000.000 Rwfrs kigeze kagenwa.

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Incamake y’icyemezo:1.Ikiburanwa ni ugusesa amasezerano y’Ubugure afite agaciro ka 200.000.000 Rwfrs, bikaba biri mu bubasha bw’ Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuko runafite n’ububasha bwo kuburanisha imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, iyo ikiburanwa gifite cyangwa kirengeje agaciro ka 20.000.000Rwfrs.

2. Mu gihe inzitizi y’iburabubasha ari indemyagihugu,nta cyabuza ko yaburanishwaho mu rwego urwarirwo rwose urubanza rwaba rugezeho.

3. Kuba Urega yari afite ubutumwabwo kugurisha, agasinyana amasezerano y’Ubugure n’uwarezwe, akubiyemo inshingano buri wese yagombaga kubahiriza,nta wundi rero ushobora gutanga ikirego kirebana n’izo nshingano uretse uwahawe ubutumwa bwo kugurisha.

4. Nta mpamvu yo gutsimbarara ku masezerano y’igurisha ry’agateganyo mu gihe hari andi masezerano ya burundu yakozwe, kuko yombi adashobora kubangikana.byongeyeho kandi ayashyizweho umukono bwa nyuma ariyo ayo ya burundu, agaragaza mu ngingo yayo ya 9 ko azatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa umunsi Banki izemera kwishyura igice cya mbere cy’ikiguzi. Ingingo ya 263 y`Igitabo cy`urwunge rw`amategeko mbonezamubano Igitabu cya Gatatu, ivuga ko igurisha ari amasezerano atuma umwe yiyemeza gutanga ikintu naho undi akishyura igiciro cyemeranijwe`` naho ingingo ya265 igasobanura uburyo igurisha riba riteye, Naho Ingingo yayo 331 ikagira iti: ``iyo umuguzi atishyuye ikiguzi umugurisha ashobora gusaba ko amasezerano aseswa`` Banki ntiyatanze inguzanyo yatswe kugira ngo ugura abashe kwishyura, ikindi ntabwo ingwate yari gutangwa banki itatanze umwenda, byombi bituma amasezerano hagati y’ugura n’ugurisha atabasha gushirwa mu bikorwa. 5.Kuvuga yuko Uwarezwe ariwe watumye banki idatanga inguzanyo ntabwo aribyo mu gihe nta n’ikimenyetso gihari kibihamya, ikindi na none kuba uwarezwe yarasabye iseswa ry’amasezerano kubera kudashirwa mu bikorwa, ntaho Uwajuriye yahera mu bujurire asaba ko noneho ayo amasezerano yakomeza akazahabwa igihe cyo gusaba inguzanyo. 6.Kuvuga gusa mu masezerano yuko uwaguze hari ayo yishyuye nibihagije mu gihe ugura nta kimenyetso agaragaza yishyuriyeho. nta nu kuntu umuntu

yakwishyura amafaranga angana gutyo ntasigarane “Inyemezabuguzi”,aramutse yaratanze sheki yakwerekana aho yishyuriyeho cyangwa akerekana ikindi kimenyetso,kuvuga ko yishyuye impapuro zikabikwa n’uwagurishije nta shingiro byahabwa kuko uwishyuye ariwe ubika impapuro z`ubwishyu. 7.Mu gihe indishyi zo gukururwa mu rubanza ku maherere hamwe n’igihembo cya avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire ari umurengera kabone nubwo iryo saba ryaba rifite ishingiro, urukiko rugena ari mu rugero rukwiye. Inzitizi n’Ubujurire nta shingiro; Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bufite ishingiro; Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye k’uwajuriye. Amategeko yashingiweho: Integeko ryo kuwa 30 Nyakanga 1888 rishyiraho igitabu cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano yerekeye amasezerano n’inshingano zumvikanyweho ,Ingingo ya 263,265,331.

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Itegeko No 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Ingingo ya 43 igika cya 2, agace ka 7; Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi,Ingingo ya 142, igika cya kabiri Amasezerano y`ubugure y`agateganyo yo kuwa 06/01/1999. Amasezerano y`ubugure ya burundu yo kuwa 20/01/1999, Ingingo ya 2, 6, 9 Nta manza zashingiweho: Imikirize I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 21/10/1998, Lucien Auguste Campion yahaye ubutumwa umuhungu we Michel Campion bwo kumugurishiriza Hotel Ibis yubatswe mu bibanza Nº 30, 92, 98 na 913 biri mu Mujyi wa Butare, hakorwa amasezerano y`ubugure y`agateganyo1 hagati ya Michel na Gakwaya Emmanuel wari umukozi wayo w`ibaruramari, ku giciro kingana na 200.000.000 Frw. Mu masezerano2 ya nyuma y`ubugure (contrat de vente définitif) yasimbuye ay`agateganyo, igiciro cya Hotel Ibis nticyahindutse, Gakwaya akaba noneho yaragombaga kwishyura mu cyiciro cya mbere 135.000.000 Frw ku nguzanyo ya Banki, Hôtel igatangwaho ingwate, amasezerano agatangira gukurikizwa umunsi ubwo bwishyu butanzwe, Michel Campion agasigara ari umunyamigabane ku gaciro k`amafaranga asigaye ka 65.000.000 Frw, Gakwaya akazakorerwa mutation y`ibyangombwa bya Hoteli mu minsi 15 nyuma yo kurangiza kwishyura icyo gice gisigaye. [2] Hôtel Ibis yabaye igumye mu

maboko ya Michel Campion mu gihe Gakwaya Emmanuel yari ataremererwa inguzanyo yari yatse muri BK, BCR na BRD. Ku bw`amahirwe make, nta banki n`imwe yamwemereye inguzanyo ngo ashobore kwishyura, bituma kuwa 17/10/2000 Michel Campion yandikira Gakwaya Emmanuel amusaba ko basesa amasezerano kuko atashoboye kubona inguzanyo ngo yishyure. [3] Michel Campion yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye asaba ko amasezerano y’igurisha rya Hotel Ibis yagiranye na Gakwaya Emmanuel kuwa 20/01/1999 yaseswa, Gakwaya we atanga ikirego asaba ko ayo masezerano yukubahirizwa, Urukiko ruca urubanza kuwa 16/10/2006 rwemeza ko ayo masezerano asheshwe kuko Gakwaya Emmanuel atabashije kuyubahiriza, rumutegeka guha Michel Campion 200.000 Frw y’igihembo cya avoka. [4] Gakwaya yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rufata icyemezo cyo kohereza urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rushingiye ku ngingo ya 4 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 04/2009 ryo kuwa 29/09/2008 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko Ngenga Nº 51/2008 ryo kuwa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere n’ububasha by’inkiko , nyuma y`ishyirwaho ry`Inkiko z`Ubucuruzi. 1 Amasezerano y`ubugure y`agateganyo yo kuwa kuwa 06/01/1999 2 Amasezerano y`ubugure y`agateganyo yo kuwa kuwa 20/01/1999.

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[5] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza kuwa 09/02/2012, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse, rutegeka Gakwaya Emmanuel guha Michel Campion indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 3.000.000 Frw na 2.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya avoka, gutanga umusogongero wa Leta n`amagarama y’urubanza. Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko rwashingiye ku kuba amasezerano atarashoboye kubahirizwa kubera ko nta nguzanyo Gakwaya Emmanuel yashoboye guhabwa. [6] Gakwaya yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije ko Michel Campion nta bubasha bwo kurega yari afite kuko ubwo yahawe bugarukira gusa ku butumwa bwo kugurisha Hoôel, ko kandi ariwe nyirabayazana wo gutuma amasezerano adasohora, ko ndetse yabujije banki kumuha inguzanyo ngo ashobore kwegukana Hôtel yaguze. [7] Michel Campion nawe yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw`uru Rukiko avuga ko ikiburanwa kidafite agaciro kageze kuri 20.000.000 Frw. [8] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 04/03/2014, Gakwaya Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me Mutembe Protais na Me Mbonyimpaye Elias, naho Michel Campion ahagarariwe na Me Mugeni Anita. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Ku byerekeye inzitizi: i. Kumenya niba ubujurire bwatanzwe na Michel Campion butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga [9] Uburanira Campion avuga ko uru rubanza rutari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kuko icyaregewe kuva urubanza rutangira ari ugusesa

amasezerano ku ruhande rwa Michel Campion no kwanga kwuzuza amasezerano ku ruhande rwa Gakwaya, ko rero nta na hamwe mu kiregerwa hagenwe agaciro k`ikiburanwa, nta nako umucamanza yagennye cyangwa indishyi bigeze kuri 20.000.000 Frw, ko rero ubujurire bwatanzwe bunyuranyije n`ibiteganywa n`ingingo ya 47-7º y’Itegeko ryagenaga imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga icyo gihe uwajuriye yashingiyeho. [10] Ababuranira Gakwaya Emmanuel bavuga ko urubanza ruri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kuko ikiburanwa ari ugusesa amasezerano y`ubugure ashingiye ku kiburanwa gifite agaciro karenga 20.000.000 Frw kubera ko ikiguzi cya Hôtel Ibis cyemeranyijweho muri ayo masezerano ari 200.000.000 Frw. Uko Urukiko rubibona. [11] [11]. Ingingo ya 43 igika cya 2, agace ka 7, y’Itegeko No 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ryakurikizwaga mu gihe cy’itangwa ry’ubu bujurire ivuga ko ``Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, iyo ikiburanwa gifite agaciro ka 20.000.000 Frw katanzwe mu nyandiko itanga ikirego cyangwa kagenwe n’umucamanza``.

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[12] Dosiye igaragaza ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ikiburanwa ari ``ugusesa amasezerano y’ubugure bwa Hôtel Ibis kandi muri ayo masezerano impande zombi zari zumvikanye ko igiciro cyayo ari 200.000.000 Frw, hakabanza kwishyurwa 65.000.000 Frw. [13] Urukiko rusanga rero agaciro k`icyo amasezerano ashingiyeho karenze 20.000.000 Frw, bityo uru rubanza rukaba ruri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n`ingingo ya 43-7º y’Itegeko rivuzwe. ii. Kumenya niba Michel Campion nta bubasha (la qualité) yari afite bwo kurega. [14] Ababuranira Gakwaya bavuga ko nta bubasha bwo kurega Michel Campion yahawe kuko se Lucien Campion yamuhaye gusa ubutumwa bwo kumugurishiriza Hoteli Ibis, ko rero atashoboraga gutanga ikirego asaba gusesa amasezerano. Avuga kandi ko nta n`ububasha bwo kuburanira Succession Campion Lucien Auguste nk’uyihagarariye agaragariza Urukiko. [15] Uburanira Michel Campion avuga ko iyi mpamvu itasuzumwa kuko ikirego cyashyikirijwe uru Rukiko ari ubujurire ku rubanza R.Com A 0089/10/HCC, muri urwo rubanza hakaba nta burabasha ku ruhande rwa Michel Campion bwaburanyweho mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ndetse no ku rwego rubanza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, ko iyi mpamvu yaba ije nk’ikirego gishya mu bujurire itagize naho ihuriye n’urubanza rwajuririwe, ko n’iyo iyi nzitizi yasuzumwa, Urukiko rukwiye kubona ko nta shingiro ifite kuko na Gakwaya ubwe yareze Michel

Campion, ko rero utarega umuntu ngo wongere uvuge ko atari afite ububasha bwo kurega. Yongeraho ko Michel Campion ariwe mwana wenyine wa Campion Lucien, ko rero ariwe ugomba kumuzungura. Uko Urukiko rubibona. [16] Ku birebana n`itangwa ry`inzitizi y`iburabubasha, ingingo ya 142, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko ``Impamvu zituma ikirego kitakirwa zigaragazwa n’Urukiko rubyibwirije iyo ari indemyagihugu, nko kurenza igihe cyo kujurira cyangwa kutagira ububasha, ubushobozi cyangwa inyungu byo kurega``. [17] Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n`iyi ngingo, Urukiko rurasanga, inziti y`iburabubasha ari indemyagihugu, hakaba nta cyabuza ko yaburanishwaho ku rwego urwari rwose urubanza rwaba rugezeho. [18] Ku birebana n`ububasha bwo kurega ku ruhande rwa Michel Campion, Urukiko rurasanga yari yarahawe ubutumwa (mandat) bwo kugurisha hoteli ya se, asinyana na Gakwaya Emmanuel amasezerano y`ubugure (contrant de vente) akubiyemo inshingano buri wese yagombaga kubahiriza (paiement du prix et transfert de propriété) , hakaba rero nta wundi washoboraga gutanga ikirego kirebana n`izo nshingano uretse uwahawe ubutumwa bwo kugurisha, bityo Michel Campion akaba yari afite ububasha busesuye bwo gutanga ikirego gisaba gusesa ayo masezerano.

2. Kumenya niba Michel Campion yarabaye nyirabayazana mu gutuma Gakwaya Emmanuel adahabwa inguzanyo ngo ashobore kwishyura ikiguzi cya Hôtel Ibis ku buryo yabitangira indishyi.

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[19] Ababuranira Gakwaya bavuga ko mu masezerano impande zombi zakoranye, hari humvikanywe ko Gakwaya yishyura 65.000.000 Frw, amafaranga asigaye angana na 135.000.000 Frw akayakira inguzanyo muri banki, Hôtel ikazatangwaho ingwate, ko rero Gakwaya yari yubaharije ibyumvikanyweho nko kuba yarishyuye icyo gice cya mbere no kuba yarasabye Banki inguzanyo. [20] Bavuga ko ahubwo Michel Campion ariwe utarubahirije amasezerano kuko mu gihe Gakwaya Emmanuel yari atarahabwa igisubizo, yisubiyeho amwandikira amumenyesha ko atagishaka kugurisha Hôtel, ko asheshe amasezerano. Avuga ko kandi yimanye ingwate, ko ndetse yahise aregera inkiko asaba ko amasezerano yo kugurisha Hôtel yaseswa, ko kandi yaciye inyuma akabwira Banki ko afitanye urubanza na Gakwaya ndetse akayisaba kutamuha inguzanyo, bituma ihagarika inguzanyo ya 70.000.000 Frw yari imaze kumwemerera, ko ayo mafaranga yari kwiyongera kuri avansi ya 65.000.000 Frw yatanze mbere, akaba yari kuba yishyuye 135.000.000 Frw nkuko byari byumvikanyweho mu masezerano y`agateganyo, bavuga ko icyo gihe Banki ya Kigali yahindukiye ikamwandikira imubwira ko izamuha inguzanyo ari uko urubanza rwe na Michel Campion rurangiye. [21] Ku bijyanye n`ubwishyu bwa 65.000.000 Frw, ababuranira Gakwaya Emmanuel bavuga ko Michel Campion atahakana ko aya mafaranga yishyuwe, ko bigaragazwa n`amasezerano yo kuwa 06/01/1999 impande zombi zagiranye, ko ahubwo

umucamanza wa mbere yitiranyije amagambo y’ubucuruzi aho yavuze ko Gakwaya yiyemereye umwenda (reconnaissance de dette) no kwiyemerera ko wishyuwe (versements et reconnaissance de paiement), ko mu gihe Michel Campion yemeza ko atishyuwe, ariwe ugomba kubitangira ibimenyetso, byongeye kandi ko umucamanza yemeje ko amasezerano yo kuwa 20/01/1999 yasimbuye ayo kuwa 06/01/1999 kandi ayo masezerano yuzuzanya, ko niba muri ayo masezerano hari ingingo itumvikana, igomba gusobanurwa ku buryo bubangamira ugurisha nk’uko ingingo ya 279 CCLIII ibiteganya. [22] Basaba ko Michel Campion yategekwa kubahiriza amasezerano, Gakwaya Emmanuel agahabwa igihe kiringaniye cyo kwaka inguzanyo ikenewe ya 70.000.000 Frw asigaye maze akegurirwa Hotel, akanahabwa indishyi z`inyungu yavukijwe (manque à gagner) zingana na 90% y`inyungu ku kwezi x 7.618.496 Frw x 127 [amezi] = 870.794.093 Frw. [23] Bavuga ko mu gihe amasezerano y`ubugure atakomeza, Gakwaya yasubizwa 65.000.000 na 38.691424 Frw yishyuye Michel Campion, yose akaba 103.691.424 Frw n`inyungu zayo, indishyi z`akababaro za 50.000.000 frw, igihembo cy`avoka 40.679.8589 frw n`igarama, yose hamwe akaba ari 447.486.446 Frw hiyongereyeho ``dévaluation`` yayo ya 30% ihwanye na 134.245. 934 Frw. [24] Uburanira Michel Campion avuga ko Gakwaya Emmanuel yitiranya ideni yasabye ryo kugura Hôtel Ibis n‘andi madeni yari yarasabye amabanki mbere yerekeye

ubundi bucuruzi, ko urugero ari inguzanyo ya 70.000.000 Frw Banki ya Kigali yamwimye, ko kandi adakwiye gushingira cyangwa gutsimbarara ku masezerano y`igurisha rya Hôtel Ibis yo kuwa 06/01/1999 yari ay’agateganyo mu gihe hari andi ya burundu yo ku wa 20/01/1999 yayasimbuye. [25] Ku byerekeranye no kuba Michel Campion yaba ariwe watumye amasezerano adasohora, Mugeni Anita umuburanira avuga ko Gakwaya avuga atahawe inguzanyo kubera ko Michel Campion yanze gutanga ingwate ariko ntagire ikimenyetso abitangira, ko n`inguzanyo ya

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70.000.000 Frw avuga ko atahawe kubera ko nta ngwate yatanzwe, ataribyo kuko iyo nguzanyo ntaho ihuriye na Hoteli Ibis, kuko yari yarayisabye mbere y`amasezerano y`igurisha rya Hotel yo kuwa 20/1/1999, ko kandi atari gusaba umwenda wa 70.000.000 Frw kandi mu masezerano harumvikanywe ko yagombaga kwishyura 135.000.000 Frw ayasabye banki nk`uko bigaragara mu mabaruwa anyuranye yandikiye amabanki. [26] Ku birebana nuko Michel Campion ariwe wabujije banki guha Gakwaya inguzanyo, Me Anita avuga ko ataribyo kuko mu ibaruwa banki ya Kigali yandikiye Gakwaya Emmanuel imuhakanira inguzanyo yatse, ntahavugwa ko Michel Campion yayibujije kumuha inguzanyo, ko ahubwo nkuko bigaragara mu ibaruwa yo 14/09/1998 Gakwaya Emmanuel yandikiye Banki ya Kigali asaba inguzanyo ya 200.000.000 Frw yo kugura Hoteli Ibis, harimo no kuyitangaho ingwate, ndetse Michel Campion amusinyiraho ``sous-couvert``. [27] Ku byerekeye ubwishyu bwa 65.000.000 Frw, uburanira Michel Campion avuga ko kuba Gakwaya avuga ko icyemeza ko yishyuye ari uko byanditse mu masezerano nta gaciro byahabwa kuko nta nyemezabwishyu yashoboye kwerekana, hakaba nta kuntu umuntu yakwishyura 65.000.000 Frw ntasigarane `` reçu``, ko niyo yaba yaratanze sheki yakwerekana ``bordereaux `` yishyuriyeho cyangwa akerekana ikindi kimenyetso cy’uko yishyuye, ko kuvuga ko yishyuye impapuro zikabikwa na Michel Campion nta shingiro byahabwa kuko

uwishyuye ariwe ubika impapuro z`ubwishyu. [28] Ku birebana n`ibyo Gakwaya Emmanuel asaba birimo gutegeka ko amasezerano akomeza, Michel Campion akamuha igihe cyo gusaba inguzanyo n`indishyi z`inyungu yavukijwe, mu gihe amasezerano adakomeje, gusubizwa ubwishyu bwa 65.000.000 Frw, inyungu zinyuranye n`indishyi z`akababaro n`amafaranga y`ikurikiranarubanza n`ay`igihembo cy`avoka, Me Mugeni Anita avuga ko ubujurire bwa Gakwaya Emmanuel nta shingiro bukwiye guhabwa, ko rero n`ibyo asaba ntacyo byaba bishingiyeho. Uko Urukiko rubibona. [29] Ku byerekeye amasezerano atarasohoye, ingingo ya 263 y`Igitabo cy`urwunge rw`amategeko mbonezamubano ivuga ko igurisha ni amasezerano atuma umwe yiyemeza gutanga ikintu naho undi akishyura igiciro cyemeranijwe`` naho iya 265 yacyo ikagira iti:`` igurisha rishobora kuba ku buryo busanzwe cyangwa rigakorwa haba ku nkomyi mpagarikamasezerano, haba ku nkomyi nsesamasezerano``. [30] Ingingo ya 331 y`Igitabo cy`urwunge rw`amategeko mbonezamubano igira iti: ``iyo umuguzi atishyuye ikiguzi umugurisha ashobora gusaba ko amasezerano aseswa``. [31] Bigaragara ko mu miburanire ya Gakwaya Emmanuel, atsimabaraye ku masezerano y`igurisha ry`agateganyo rya Hoteli Ibis yasinyanye na Michel Campion kuwa 06/01/0999 kandi aya masezerano yarasimbuwe n`aya burundu yasinywe kuwa 20/01/1999, yombi akaba adashobora kubangikana nk`uko abiburanisha. Ibyo bigaragazwa n`uko ayashyizweho umukono bwa nyuma agaragaza mu ngingo yayo ya 9 ko azatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa umunsi Banki izemera kwishyura igice cya mbere cya 135.000.000 Frw nk`uko ngingo ya 2 y`ayo masezerano ibiteganya. Naho amasezerano y`agateganyo akaba ubwayo yitwa ``acte de vente provisoire``, kandi akaba ntacyo yateganyije ku birebana n`igihe agomba gutangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa.

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[32] Ku byerekeye impamvu yatumye amasezerano adasohora, Urukiko rusanga impande zombi zitarashoboye kubahiriza inshingano zazo haherewe k`uwaguze Gakwaya Emmanuel, kuko atashoboye kwemererwa inguzanyo ya banki ngo yishyure nkuko byari biteganyijwe n`ingingo ya 2 y`amasezerano, naho ku ruhande rw`ugurisha akaba atarashoboraga kubahiriza inshingano ye yo gutangaho Hoteli ingwate (ingingo ya 2) mu gihe ugura wasabye inguzanyo atayemerewe nk`uko ingingo ya 6 y`amasezerano yabiteganyaga, bityo Michel Campion nk`ugurisha akaba nta kosa yakoze ryo gusaba inkiko ko amasezerano yaseswa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n`ingingo ya 331 ya CC LIII ivuga ko ``iyo ugura adashoboye kwishyura agaciro k`icyaguzwe cyumvikanyweho, ugurisha ashobora gusaba gusesa amasezerano y`igurisha``. [33] Ku bijyanye n`uruhare rwa Michel Campion mu gutuma Banki yanga guha Gakwaya inguzanyo, Urukiko rusanga nta kimenyetso Gakwaya Emmanuel atanga kigaragaza ko Michel Campion yanze gutanga ingwate ngo ashobore guhabwa inguzanyo, ko ahubwo bitanashoboka kuvuga ko Michel Campion yayimanye mu gihe Banki ya Kigali yahagaritse isuzuma rya dosiye isaba inguzanyo, ivuga ko itegereje mu gihe kitarenze amezi 2 ko Gakwaya Emmanuel atanga ibisobanuro kuri ``statut`` ye nka ``promoteur wa Hôtel Ibis`` nk`uko bigaragazwa n`ibaruwa ya Banki ya Kigali yo kuwa 09/01/2004 (dont objet: suspension de votre dossier) yamwandikiye, ko rero

Michel Campion atahawe n`amahirwe yo kugera ku rwego rwo gusabwa gutanga ingwate ngo abyange, cyane cyane ko yari yatanze ``sous couvert`` ku ibaruwa yo kuwa 14/9/1998 Gakwaya Emmanuel yandikiye BK asaba inguzanyo ya 200.000.000 Frw yo kugura Hotel Ibis, hakaba rero nta kigaragaza ko Michel Campion yimanye cyangwa yagize ubushake buke ku ruhande rwe bwo gutanga ingwate. [34] Naho ku bijyanye nuko Michel Campion yabujije Banki ya Kigali guha Gakwaya

Emmanuel inguzanyo, Urukiko rusanga nta kimenyetso Gakwaya abitangira. [35] Hashingiwe ku mategeko n`ibisobanuro bitanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rusanga Michel Campion atariwe wabaye nyirabayazana wo kuba Gakwaya atarahawe inguzanyo ngo yishyure ikiguzi cya Hôtel Ibis bumvikanyeho. Kuba rero Michel yarasabye ko amasezerano aseswa Urukiko rubanza rukabikora, ntaho Gakwaya yahera mu bujurire asaba ko noneho ayo amasezerano yakomeza akazahabwa igihe cyo gusaba inguzanyo. [36] Ku byerekeye 65.000.000 Frw Gakwaya avuga ko yishyuye Michel Campion mu rwego rw`amasezerano y`agateganyo asaba gusubizwa, Urukiko rurasanga ubwishyu bw`aya mafaranga bwaravugwaga koko mu masezerano y`agateganyo yasimbuwe n`aya burundu, kandi muri aya masezerano impande zombi zumvikanye ko igice cya mbere kigomba kwishyurwa ari 135.000.000 Frw ko kandi azasabirwa inguzanyo, bigaragara rero ko 65.000.000 Frw nk`igice cya mbere cyari cyumvikanyweho cyahindutse. Urukiko rurasanga na none nta kimenyetso Gakwaya Emmanuel agaragaza yishyuriyeho ayo mafaranga, kuvuga gusa mu masezerano ko yishyuye 65.000.000 Frw akaba atari ikimenyetso cyemeza ko yayatanze koko, bityo n`inyungu ayasabira ntiyazihabwa. [37] Ku byerekeye 38.691424 Frw Gakwaya Emmanuel avuga ko yishyuye Michel Campion, Urukiko rusanga nta bisobanuro ayatangira, akaba nayo atayahabwa kimwe n`inyungu zayo. [38] Ku byerekeye indishyi z`akababaro za 50.000.000 Frw Gakwaya Emmanuel asaba, Urukiko rusanga ntazo yahabwa kubera ko nta kosa rigaragara Michel Campion yamukoreye.

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[39] Ku byerekeye igihembo cy`avoka 40.679.859 Frw n`igarama rya 8.000 Frw, Gakwaya Emmanuel asaba, Urukiko rusanga nta shingiro ryayo kubera ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite.

3. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Michel Campion [40] Uburanira Michel Campion avuga ko asaba indishyi zo gusiragizwa mu nkiko zingana na 50.000.000 Frw, na 10.000.000 Frw y`igihembo cy`avoka yiyongera ku yo urukiko rwa mbere rwagennye. [41] Ababuranira Gakwaya Emmanuel bavuga ko izo ndishyi ntazo Michel Campion akwiye guhabwa. [42] Ku byerekeye indishyi zo gukururwa mu rubanza ku maherere zingana na 50.000.000 Frw na 10.000.000 Frw y`igihembo cya avoka kuri uru rwego rw`ubujurire, Urukiko rusanga ibyo uburanira Michel Campion asaba bifite ishingiro, ariko amafaranga asabwa ari ikirenga, hakaba hakwiye kugumaho 3.000.000 y`indishyi z`akababaro na 2.000.000 Frw y`igihembo cya avoka yagenwe n`Urukiko Rukuru rw`Ubucuruzi kuko ari mu rugero rukwiye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [43] Rwemeye kwakira inzitizi y`iburabubasha bw`urega yatanzwe na Gakwaya Emmanuel; [44] Rwemeje ariko ko iyo nzitizi y`iburabubasha bw`urega nta shingiro ifite; [45] Rwemeje ko ubujurire mu mizi y`urubanza bwatanzwe na Gakwaya Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite; [46] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Michel Campion bufite ishingiro; [47] Rutegetse Gakwaya Emmanuel guha Michel Campion indishyi z`akababaro za 3.000.000 Frw n`iz`igihembo cya avoka n`ikurikiranarubanza za 2.000.000 Frw nk`uko byemejwe n`Urukiko Rukuru rw`Ubucuruzi; [48] Rutegetse Gakwaya Emmanuel gutanga amagarama y`urubanza angana na50.500 Frw atayatanga mu minsi umunani, ayo mafaranga agakurwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta.