UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HITIMANA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HITIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-10-06 - Case/document no.: RP 00003/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HITIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RP 00003/2023/CA (Rugabirwa, P.J.) 06 Ukwakira 2023] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Gufungurwa by’agateganyo – Igihe uwasabye gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane abyemerewe na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, akwiye guhabwa uburenganzira bwo kuba afunguwe mu gihe ategereje ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire nyuma yuko urega(Hitimana) asabye ko urubanza RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, urubanza yahamijwemo ibyaha binyuranye, ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane arabyemererwa. Nuko asaba Ubuyobozi bwa Gereza afungiyemo kumufungura by’agateganyo mu gihe agitegereje ko urubanza rwe ruburanishwa ariko Gereza ntiyabimwerera, yahise atanga ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko Rw’Ubujurire asaba gufungurwa by’agateganyo mu gihe urubanza rwe rwo gusubirishamo urundi ku mpamvu z’akarengane rutaraburanishwa. Ibyo akaba abisaba yifashishije ingingo ya 64, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ndetse n’izindi manza zaciwe ku bibazo bisa n’icye. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko urega agomba kuguma mu buryo(état) arimo bwo kurangiza ibihano yahawe kuko urubanza rwe rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma kandi rwabaye itegeko. Bukomeza buvuga ko iyo urubanza nshinjabyaha rubaye

itegeko, ruhita ubwarwo rurangizwa nta wundi muhango usabwe (exécution tacite légale). Ku bijyanye kandi n’imanza urega yifashishije, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko rwahaye itegeko igisobanuro ritavuga, kuko icyemezo cya Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga cyemera ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ari icyemezo cy’ubuyobozi (décision administative), aho kuba icyemezo cy’urukiko (décision judiciaire) ku buryo kitarangizwa kuko kidashobora guterwaho kashe mpuruza (formule exécutoire). Incamake y’icyemezo: Igihe uwasabye gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane abyemerewe na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, akwiye guhabwa uburenganzira bwo kuba afunguwe mu gihe ategereje ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Uregwa agomba gufungurwa by’agateganyo. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 21, 49 n’iya 133. Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 4. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RP 00003/2018/SC, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Niyitegeka rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga ku wa 29/10/2018. RP 00002/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Bado rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 07/10/2022. RP/ECON 00001/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Bagambiki & Nyagasaza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/07/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu rubanza nº RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/12/2021, Hitimana Hubert yahamijwe ibyaha byo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano, ubuhemu, kwambura ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe amayeri, no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi nk’uko yabihamijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [2] Hitimana Hubert yasabye ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane arabyemererwa. Maze mu cyemezo nº 081/CJ/2023 cyo ku wa 07/06/2023, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ategeka ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [3] Ku wa 01/09/2023, Hitimana Hubert amaze kubyemererwa yandikiye Ubuyobozi bwa Gereza ya Nyarugenge asaba gufungurwa by’agateganyo mu gihe agitegereje ko urubanza rwe nº RS/INJUST/RP 00002/2023/CA ruburanishwa, nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko n°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko1, iteganya ko iyo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urubanza rwongera kuburanishwa ku mpamvu z’akarengane ariko rutararangizwa, irangizwa ryarwo rihita rihagarara, nyamara yanga kumurekura

kuko nta mucamanza wategetse Igororero rya Nyarugenge kumurekura, ko ahubwo urubanza rwe ruzakomereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, aho rwoherejwe kugira ngo ruburanishwe. [4] Nyuma yaho, Hitimana Hubert yatanze ikirego cyihutirwa muri uru Rukiko asaba gufungurwa by’agateganyo mu gihe urubanza rwe nº RS/INJUST/RP 00002/2023/CA rutaraburanishwa, icyo kirego cyandikwa kuri nº RP 0003/2023/CA. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Hitimana Hubert ko atafungurwa by’agateganyo, ko ahubwo agomba kuguma muri gereza akaharangiriza ibihano yahawe akazanaburana urwo rubanza afunze. [5] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 03/10/2023, Hitimana Hubert yunganiwe na Me Ayinkamiye Neema, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mbaragijimana Désiré, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. 1 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “Icyakora, iyo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urubanza rwongera kuburanishwa ku mpamvu z’akarengane ariko rutararangizwa, irangizwa ryarwo rihita rihagarara kabone n’iyo imihango yo kururangiza yaba yaratangiye”.

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[6] Urukiko rushingiye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba HITIMANA Hubert akwiye gufungurwa mu gihe hategerejwe ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Hitimana Hubert akwiye gufungurwa mu gihe hategerejwe ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane [7] Hitimana Hubert n’umwunganira bavuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 64, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko iyo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urubanza rwongera kuburanishwa ku mpamvu z’akarengane irangizwa ryarwo rihita rihagarara, no ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza n° RP 00003/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 29/10/2018, haburana NIYITEGEKA Emmanuel n’Ubushinjacyaha, ndetse no ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza n° RP 00002/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 07 Ukwakira 2022, ubwo izo Nkiko zakemuraga ikibazo gisa neza n’ikiri muri uru rubanza, HITIMANA Hubert akwiye gufungurwa by’agateganyo mu gihe agitegereje icyemezo kizafatwa mu rubanza nº RS/INJUST/RP 00002/2023/CA. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko mu gihe HITIMANA Hubert yaburanye afunze atafungurwa by’agateganyo, ko ahubwo agomba kuguma muri “état” arimo yo kurangiza ibihano yahawe kuko urubanza rwe nº RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/12/2021 rwabaye

itegeko ku wa 16/01/2022. [9] Asobanura ko icyo ingingo 64 y’Itegeko n°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko ivuga ari uko iyo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urubanza rwongera kuburanishwa ku mpamvu z’akarengane ariko rutararangizwa, irangiza ryarwo rihagarara, ariko ko ikibazo cya HITIMANA Hubert kidahura n’ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo kuko urubanza rwe n° RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwabaye itegeko, atangira kurangiza igihano afunze kuko n’ubundi yaburanye afunze, ndetse ko ingingo ya 64 y’iryo Tegeko itavuga ko irangiza ry’urubanza rwarangijwe rihagarara, kuko iyo urubanza nshinjabyaha rubaye itegeko, ruhita ubwarwo rurangizwa nta wundi muhango usabwe (exécution tacite légale), bikaba bigaragara ko nta kindi cyemezo cy’urukiko gifunze HITIMANA Hubert uretse urwo rubanza rwabaye itegeko ku wa 16/01/2022. [10] Akomeza avuga ko asanga isobanurampamvu ry’urubanza n° RP 00003/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NIYITEGEKA Emmanuel, mu bika byarwo bya 17 na 18 , aho rwasobanuye ko ˝Ubwo burenganzira bwo kurekurwa NIYITEGEKA Emmanuel yasabaga Urukiko , abufite ku bw’itegeko kandi ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubwo burenganzira rishinzwe ubushinjacyaha n’ubuyobozi bwa gereza urega afungiyemo˝ ; asanga urwo Rukiko rwarahaye ingingo ya 64 y’iryo Tegeko igisobanuro itegeko ubwaryo ritavuga, kuko icyemezo cya Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga cyemera ko urubanza rusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ari icyemezo cy’ubuyobozi ( décision administative), aho kuba icyemezo cy’urukiko (décision judiciaire) ku buryo kitarangizwa kuko kidashobora guterwaho kashe mpuruza ( formule exécutoire), ndetse ko n’Urukiko ruhawe ububasha bwo kuburanisha urwo rubanza rushobora gusanga harimo akarengane cyangwa katarimo nk’uko

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bivugwa mu ngingo ya 63 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru aho igira iti: Iyo ˝Urukiko rw’Ikirenga cyangwa urundi rukiko Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga agena rushyikirijwe urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rurusuzuma mu mizi bundi bushya abarubayemo ababuranyi bose bahamagajwe˝, bityo ko asanga ingaruka zishingiye ku cyemezo cya Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’uko gihagarika irangiza ry’urubanza kimwe n’imihango yatangijwe mu kurangiza urwo rubanza (effet suspensif d’un jugement en cours d’exécucution) ariko ko kitagira ingaruka zo gukuraho urubanza rwarangijwe (effet révocatif d’un jugement exécuté).

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza n’icyo kumenya niba HITIMANA Hubert yafungurwa by’agateganyo hashingiwe ku cyemezo cya Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga cyemeza ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [12] Urukiko rusanga ikibazo cy’ushinjwa usaba gufungurwa by’agateganyo mu gihe Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza n° RP 0003/2018/SC rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga ku wa 29/10/2018, aho rwasanze uburenganzira bwo gufungurwa by’agateganyo NIYITEGEKA Emmanuel asaba, abufite ku bw’Itegeko, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 64, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 ryerekeye ububasha bw’Inkiko2, ukanakurikizwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza rwaciye zirimo urubanza n° RP 00002/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 07/10/2022, aho rwategetse ko BADO Bede afungurwa by’agateganyo, hashingiwe ku kuba Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yaremeje ko urubanza rwe rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ndetse no mu rubanza nº RP/ECON 00001/2023/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 26/07/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BAGAMBIKI Robert na NYAGASAZA Natacha, aho na none uru Rukiko rwategetse ko bafungurwa by’agateganyo mu gihe bategereje icibwa ry’urubanza RS/INJUST/RP/ECON 0003/2023/CA. [13] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, mu rubanza nº RPA 01309/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 17/12/2021, HITIMANA Hubert

yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ibyaha byo gukora no gukoresha inyandikompimbano, ubuhemu, kwambura ikintu cy’undi hakoreshejwe amayeri, no kugurisha ikintu cy’undi nk’uko yabihamijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. HITIMANA Hubert wari ufunze mu rwego rwo kurangiza igihano yakatiwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, yasabye gusubirishamo urwo rubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane arabyemererwa, maze mu cyemezo nº 081/CJ/2023 cyo ku wa 07/06/2023, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ategeka ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpavu z’akarengane n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. HITIMANA Hubert amaze kubyemererwa, yasabye Ubuyobozi bwa gereza ya Nyarugenge uburenganzira bwo gufungurwa by’agateganyo mu gihe agitegereje kuburana urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RP 00002/2023/CA rusubirishamo urwo yatsinzwe ntiyabyemererwa, bituma aregera Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuko ari rwo ruzaburanisha urwo rubanza, maze asaba gufungurwa by’agateganyo kuko ari uburenganzira yemererwa n’amategeko nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, mu manza zavuzwe haruguru. 2 Ingingo ya 64, igika cya 2 y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryerekeye ububasha bw’Inkiko, ivuga ko imihango yo kurangiza urubanza ihagarara mu gihe Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane; abashinzwe kurangiza imanza nshinjabyaha bakaba baragombaga gushyira mu bikorwa ubwo burenganzira (igika cya 11,12, 16 na 17 by’urubanza).

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[14] Uru Rukiko rusanga, kuba imiterere y’ikibazo cya HITIMANA Hubert isa neza n’imiterere y’ikibazo cya NIYITEGEKA Emmanuel, icya BADO Bede n’icya BAGAMBIKI Robert na NYAGASAZA Natacha kuko bose basabye gufungurwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, bigaragara ko umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza nº RP 00003/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga ku wa 29/10/2018, hakemurwa ikibazo cya NIYITEGEKA Emmanuel, ukanakurikizwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza rwa BADO Bede n’urwa BAGAMBIKI Robert na NYAGASAZA Natacha zavuzwe haruguru, ari nawo ukwiye gukurikizwa ku kibazo cya HITIMANA Hubert. [15] Urukiko rusanga, nk’uko byanasobanuwe mu rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na BAGAMBIKI Robert na NYAGASAZA rwavuzwe haruguru, mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha busanga mu rubanza nº RP 00003/2018/SC rwa NIYITEGEKA Emmanuel, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwaba rwarahaye ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, igisobanuro kitaricyo, bwaregera uwo murongo mu Rukiko rubifitiye ububasha, aho kubigira ingingo yo kwiregura muri uru rubanza. [16] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rusanga HITIMANA Hubert akwiye gufungurwa by’agateganyo mu gihe ategereje icibwa ry’urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RP 00002/2023/CA. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [17] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya HITIMANA Hubert gisaba gufungurwa by’agateganyo mu gihe ategereje icibwa ry’urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RP 00002/2023/CA gifite ishingiro. [18] Rutegetse ko HITIMANA Hubert afungurwa by’agateganyo. [19] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.