UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MPOZAYO

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MPOZAYO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2013-06-28 - Case/document no.: RP 0058/13/HC/NYA - Collection: High Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MPOZAYO [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RP 0058/13/HC/NYA (Kamanzi, P.J.,) 28 Kamena 2013] Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kwemera icyaha – Kugabanyirizwa igihano. – Kuba yariyemereye icyaha imbere y’urukiko hakaba kandi ntawuhakana ko atagikoze kandi hakaba hari n’abatangabuhamya bakimushinja bituma ahamwa n’icyaha ashinjwa; ariko rero, kuba ayaraburanye acyemera icyaha akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, ni impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zigomba gutuma agabanyirizwa igihano. – Itegeko Ngenga no.01/2012OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 76, 7714 na 141 Incamake y’ikibazo: Mpozayo Aloys alias Rukara yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha ashinjwa kuba yarishe se. Ushinjwa yemeye icyaha anasaba imbabazi avuga ko yishe se kuko yamutotezaga. Avuga ko yamukubise arakomeza

aramukubita,

arahaguruka

ariruka amwirukaho aramubura. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko bubona ibigize icyaha byuzuye ndetse hakaba hari n’ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho. Incamake y’icyemezo: Kwemera icyaha bikozwe na Mpozayo Aloys alias Rukara no kuba ari ubwa mbere yari aguye mu cyaha bigomba kumugirira akamaro kuko yabikoze ku bwende bwe kandi nibyo yemeye akaba nta

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wundi muntu ubihakana ku buryo byakenera ibindi bimenyetso; by’umwihariko hari abatangabuhamya bemeza ko ariko byagenze ndetse na raporo ya muganga ikaba igaragaza uko umurambo wari umeze. Bityo rero ntagomba guhabwa igihano cyanyuma giteganywa n’amategeko ahubwo agomba guhabwa umwanya wo kwicuza ndetse no kureba ko yasubira mu muryango agahinduka umuntu muzima. Ikirego cy’ubushinjacyaha gifite ishingiro. Mpozayo Aloys ahamwa n’icyaha ariko agomba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha Ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku isanduku ya leta. Amategfeko yashingiweho Itegeko Ngenga no.01/2012OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 76, 77, 140 na 141. Itegeko no.15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, 110. Itegeko no.13/2004 2 ryo kuwa 17/05/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nkuko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 33na 35. Nta manza zifashishijwe: Urubanza.

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IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mpozayo Aloys alias Rukara akurikiranyweho n’ubushinjacyaha kuba kuwa 08/06/2013 yarishe se umubyara witwa Mugemanshuro Vincent aho bivugwa ko havutse intonganya ziturutse ku biryo basangiraga, Mpozayo Aloys yadukira se aramuhondagura amukubita umwuko n’agahoro ka kinyarwanda mu mutwe inshuro nyinshi uwitwa Byabarusara murumuna we barikumwe abonye bikomeye agiye ku mwica ajya gutabaza abantu bahageze ashaka kubarwanya ariko se abona uko amuhunga aragenda aryama mu gihuru, bahamutoragura mu gitondo cyo kuwa 09/06/2013 yapfuye,iperereza ritangira gutyo; [2] Ubushinjacyaha bukuru bwamukoreye dosiye buyoherereza uru rukiko busaba ko yaburanishwa maze ruza kuburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 18/06/2013 Mpozayo Aloys

yiburanira,

ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe

na Mugabo Déo

Lambert, umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. Mw’iburanisha ryo kuwa 18/06/2013, Mpozayo Aloys yemeye icyaha anasaba imbabazi avuga ko se yamubuzaga amahoro ubwonko burayaga arakomeza aramukubita arahaguruka ariruka ngo aramukurikira aramubura aragaruka ariryamira, urukiko rumubajije icyo yamuhoye avuga ko yamuhoye ku mubwira ko yari arimo kurya cyane; [3] Ubushinjacyaha nyuma yo gutanga ibimenyetso bushingiraho bwavuze ko busanga ibigize icyaha cy’ubwicanyi byuzuye kandi ko n’ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho

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bumusabira igihano cy’ igifungo cya burundu abaregera indishyi bakazaziregera; [4] Nyuma yo kumva impande zombi, iburanishwa ryarapfundikiwe urukiko rumenyesha ababuranyi ko urubanza ruzasomwa kuwa 28/06/2013 saa yine za mugitondo. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO

BIGIZE URUBANZA Kubirebana no kwemera icyaha no gusaba imbabazi [5] Mu gusuzuma niba kwemera icyaha no gusaba imbabazi kwa Mpozayo Aloys alias Rukara kwamugirira inyungu, urukiko rubona kuva yafatwa mu bugenzacyaha kugera mu rukiko yaranzwe no kwemera icyaha no gusaba imbabazi, ingingo ya 35 y’itegeko no.13/2004 ryo kuwa 17/05/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nkuko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu iteganyako: “Iyo ucyekwaho gukora icyaha acyiyemereye mu buryo

budashidikanywa,

hubahirizwa

mu kumukurikirana ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 33 y’iri tegeko mu gika cyayo cya 2 n’icya 3, kandi umucamanza waregewe urwo rubanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano byari biteganijwe kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri ½ cyabyo”

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[6] Ibi bikaba bivuze ko kwemera icyaha no gusaba imbabazi kwa Mpozayo Aloys kugomba kumugirira akamaro kuko yemeye icyaha yakoze kubwende bwe kandi nkuko bamwe mubahanga mu by’amategeko babivuga ku kibazo nkiki,aho uwitwa Tomas de Tor quemada, the first Spanish Grand Inquisitor, mugitabo The Magical Maze by Ian Stewart page ya 87 aravuga ati: “A confession was acomplete proof of guilty…,Hinging on confessional evidence, have in the last few years been over turned because of severe doubts that the confessions were genuine” [7] Uyu we akaba ahamya ko kwemera icyaha bitavuze ko byanze bikunze ariweho wagikoze,naho uwitwa Matthew mu kwanzura kuri iki kibazo akavuga ati: “One of Matthews’ most surprising conclusions is that there are circumustances under which the existence of a confession adds weight to the view that the accused is innocent rather than guilty” He calls this discovery the ‘interrogator’s fallacy’.The idea offers ageneral reason for mistrusting confessions in some cases, un less they are supported by appropriate corroborative evidence: [8] Hano kuba ari Mpozayo Aloys wishe se umubyara witwaga Mugemanshuro Vincent umukubise umwuko n’agahoro ka kinyarwanda inshuro nyinshi mu mutwe nta muntu n’umwe ubihakana kuburyo bidakenera ibindi bimenyetso cyane ko hari n’abatangabuhamya barimo Byabarusara murumuna we barikumwe (cote ya 7-8) umushinja akavuga n’uko

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byagenze hamwe n’uwitwa Hagenimana Cyprien(cote 9- 10) nawe watabaye akamusanga arimo guhondagura se mu mutwe hakaba n’icyemezo cya muganga(cote 12) kivuga uko umurambo wari umeze ; Ingingo ya 140 y’itegeko Ngenga no.01/2012 ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda iteganya ko: “Kwica

umuntu

ubishaka

byitwa ubwicanyi.Bihanishwa igifungo cya burundu”naho ingingo ya 141 y’iri tegeko ikavuga ibirbana n’ubwicamubyeyi [9] Ariko kuko urukiko rwemera ihame ry’uko umuntu wese uguye mu cyaha bwa mbere,atagomba guhabwa ibihano byanyuma biteganijwe n’itegeko ku cyaha cyakozwe(maximum sentence) kuko nyuma y’uko umucamanza asuzumye imyiregurire y’ushinjwa ku cyaha cyakozwe, anareba ibihano biteganyirijwe icyo cyaha, kandi aha abahanga mu by’amategeko bakavuga ko umucamanza asuzuma impamvu zikomeza icyaha cyangwa se impamvu nyorosha cyaha,kandi ko ushinjwa agomba guhabwa uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza impamvu nyorosha cyaha,hatitawe kuburemere bw’icyaha, hano uwitwa Anniken U.Davenport mu gitabo cye BASIC CRIMINAL LAW aravuga ati: “ A bifurcated trial,in which the jury first decides whether the defendant is guilty, and a sentencing stage, at which the jury determines punishment after hearing evidence of aggravating or mitigating circumstances. The condemned prisoner must be

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given an opportunity to present mitigating factors in his defence,no matter how heinous his crime”; [10] Kubera ko Mpozayo Aloys agomba guhabwa umwanya wo kwicuza ku cyaha yakoze no kureba ko yasubira mu muryango akaba umuntu muzima uzira amacemwa,urukiko rubona agomba guhabwa umwanya wo gutekereza ku cyaha yakoze dore ko yavuze ko atazongera, 3 Ingingo ya 110 y’itegeko no.15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ivuga ko:

“Ukwiyemerera mu rubanza n’amagambo umuburanyi cyangwa umuhagarariye avugira mu rukiko agira ibyo yemera. Ayo magambo atsindisha uwayavuze…” [11] Bitewe n’uko Mpozayo Aloys mw’iburanisha ryo kuwa 18/06/2013 yiyemereye mu rukiko ko ariwe wishe se kandi hakaba hari n’ibindi bimenyetso birimo abatangabuhamya nkuko byagaragajwe haruguru, izi n’impamvu zituma ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwica mubyeyi

abishaka

kuko

harebwe

icyo yakoresheje(umwuko n’agahoro ka kinyarwanda cote 11 mu byafatiriwe) naho yakubitaga (mu mutwe) kandi akaba yaratekereje ku cyo yashakaga kugeraho aricyo kwica kuko yatonganye na se amuziza kuba yaramubwiye ngo arimo kurya cyane, n’igikorwa giteganywa kandi kigahanishwa n’ingingo ya 140 y’Itegeko Ngenga no.01/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru kuko yakoze icyaha ku bushake bwe kandi abigambiriye, ariko bitewe n’uko yaburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi akaba aribwo bwa mbere agwa mu cyaha

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nk’iki bizwi mu mategeko hashingiwe ku ngingo za 76- 77 z’itegeko Ngenga no.01/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, ahanishijwe

igihano

cy’igifungo

cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20 years) muri gereza ibarwa uhereye igihe yafungiweho by’agateganyo kuwa 10/06/2013(cote ya 19) ; ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [12] RWEMEYE kwakira ikirego cyatanzwe n’ubushinjacyaha kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kandi ko gifite ishingiro; [13] RWEMEJE ko icyaha cy’ubwica mubyeyi MPOZAYO Aloys ashinjwa kimuhama ariko akaba yagabanyirizwa ku bihano kubera impamvu nyorosha cyaha; [14] RUKIJIJE ko Mpozayo Aloys atsinzwe ; RUHANISHIJE MPOZAYO Aloys igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20 years) muri gereza kibarwa uhereye igihe yafungiweho by’agateganyo; [15] Amagarama y’urubanza ahereye kuri leta kuko MPOZAYO Aloys wari kuyatanga ari mu basonerwa gutanga amagarama ku bw’itegeko.