NDAHIRO vs SRI SAR MOTORS LTD

# NDAHIRO vs SRI SAR MOTORS LTD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-11-29 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 00008/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NDAHIRO vs SRI SAR MOTORS LTD [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMA 00008/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 29 Ugushyingo 2024] Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – ikirego cyihutirwa – Kugira ngo ibirego byihutirwa bihabwe ishingiro, bigomba kuba bifite: Ubwihutirwe kugira ngo bigire icyo biramira, ku buryo bitinze haba igihombo kitagira igaruriro, Kuba icyemezo ari icy’agateganyo, Kuba kitagomba kubangamira urubanza mu mizi. Incamake y’icyebezo: uru rubanza rwatangiye, SRI SAR Motors Ltd irega Ndahiro mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi isaba kumutegeka kubahiriza ibikubiye mu masezerano bagiranye y’ubugure bw’imodoka kuwa 28/01/2020 ku giciro cya 38.000.000Frw, yishyura avansi ya 4.000.000Frw, bumvikana ko amafaranga asigaye Ndahiro Samson azaba yarangije kuyishyura ku wa 28/05/2020. Ntiyashoboye kwishyura ayo mafaranga nk’uko byumvikanyweho, bituma ku wa 08/01/2021 impande zombi zikora andi masezerano, zumvikana ko igiciro cy’imodoka ari 42.000 000Frw hakiyongeraho na VAT, kandi ko amafranga asigaye azishyurwa bitarenze kuwa 10/04/2021, Ndahiro Samson atayishyura kuri iyo tariki amasezerano agaseswa, agasubiza imodoka, naho amafranga yatanzeho avansi agafatwa nk’ubukode bwo gukoresha imodoka mu gihe ayimaranye hiyongereyeho ubwicungure bwayo; muri ayo masezerano banagaragaje ko mu rwego rwo gukomeza kwishyura, Ndahiro Samson yishyuye avansi ya 12.000.000Frw, yareze isaba kwishyurwa umwenda ungana na 50.943.810Frw ugizwe na 42.000.000Frw y’igiciro cy’imodoka na 8.943.810 Frw y’ubwicungure, n’indishyi zinyuranye. Urukiko mu rubanza RCOM00823/2022/TC rwemeje ko ikirego cya SRI SAR Motor Ltd gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Ndahiro kuyishyura 34.943.810Frw agizwe na 42.000.000Frw y’igiciro cy’imodoka na 8.943.810Frw y’ubwicungure, havanywemo 16.000.000Frw yari amaze kwishyura hamwe n’inyungu zayo, kandi akishyura ibyagiye ku rubanza. Ndahiro yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere Urukiko rwirengagije ibimenyetso yatanze, Urukiko mu rubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Ndahiro yatanze ikirego asaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC, mu Urukiko rutaragifataho icyemezo, atanga ikirego cyihutirwa, arega SRI SAR Motors Ltd anagobokesha ku gahato Umuhesha w’Inkiko Umukunzi , asaba ko irangiza ry’urubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC riba rihagaze mu gihe hagitegerejwe imikirize y’urubanza ku kirego gisaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya. Urukiko mu rubanza RCOM00017/2024/HCC rwaciwe ku kirego kihutirwa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ikirego cya Ndahiro nta shingiro gifite kuko atagaragaza igihombo kitagira igaruriro yagira urubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC rurangijwe mu gihe hatarafatwa icyemezo ku kirego cy’iremezo. Ndahiro yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwafashe ibintu uko bitari bituma igihombo cye kitumvikana, runemeza ko atagaragaje igihombo kitagira igaruriro azagira rudashingiye ku bimenyetso bigaragaza ko SRI SAR Motors yaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kuzamwishyura icyo gihombo. Abaregwa bireguye bavuga ko ubujurire bwa Ndahiro nta shingiro bufite kuko atagaragaza icyo anenga ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko mu rubanza rwajuririwe. Umukunzi Angélique yongeraho ko atagombye kuregwa muri uru rubanza, asaba guhabwa 1.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. Urukiko mu rubanza RCOMA00008/2024/CA rwemeje ko nta kosa urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ikirego cya Ndahiro nta shingiro gifite.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Kugira ngo ibirego byihutirwa bihabwe ishingiro, bigomba kuba bifite: 1º) ubwihutirwe kugira ngo bigire icyo biramira, ku buryo bitinze haba igihombo kitagira igaruriro, 2º) kuba icyemezo ari icy’agateganyo, 3º) kuba kitagomba kubangamira urubanza mu mizi. Bityo, iyo impamvu z’ikirego kihutirwa zitagaragaza ko hari ubwihutirwe bugamije kugira ngo bigire icyo biramira, ku buryo bitinze byamutera igihombo kitagira igaruriro, ikirego nta shingiro kiba gifite. Ubujururire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 111, 185 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RC00002/2016/CS - RC0003/16/CS, haburana Kayitsinga Aléxis, Kanyamibwa Immaculée na Nsangineza Céléstin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/10/2016 Urubanza RCOM00001/2024/CA, haburana NEXTGEN DEVELOPERS Ltd iburana na NFCS Ltd na Gasirikare Evariste rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/06/2024, Urubanza RCOM00002/2024/CA, haburana RADIANT INSURANCE, Gafaranga Ismaël na PYRAMIDE MINERALS SUPPLY Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 09/08/2024. Urubanza. I. MITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 28/01/2020 Ndahiro Samson yagiranye na SRI SAR Motors Ltd, ihagarariwe n’Umuyobozi wayo CHIRAG Daswani amasezerano y’ubugure bw’imodoka RAD 713Z (Chassis Number JAANPR71HK7101477) ku giciro cya 38.000.000Frw, yishyura avansi ya 4.000.000Frw, bumvikana ko amafaranga asigaye Ndahiro Samson azaba yarangije kuyishyura ku wa 28/05/2020. Ntiyashoboye kwishyura ayo mafaranga nk’uko byumvikanyweho, bituma ku wa 08/01/2021 impande zombi zikora andi masezerano, zumvikana ko igiciro cy’imodoka ari 42.000 000Frw hakiyongeraho na VAT, kandi ko amafranga asigaye azishyurwa bitarenze kuwa 10/04/2021, Ndahiro Samson atayishyura kuri iyo tariki amasezerano agaseswa, agasubiza imodoka, naho amafranga yatanzeho avansi agafatwa nk’ubukode bwo gukoresha imodoka mu gihe ayimaranye hiyongereyeho ubwicungure bwayo; muri ayo masezerano banagaragaje ko mu rwego rwo gukomeza kwishyura, Ndahiro Samson yishyuye avansi ya 12.000.000Frw. [2] Ku wa 20/05/2022, SRI SAR Motors Ltd yareze Ndahiro Samson mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi isaba kumutegeka kubahiriza ibikubiye mu masezerano yavuzwe haruguru, akishyura umwenda ungana na 50.943.810Frw ugizwe na 42.000.000Frw y’igiciro cy’imodoka na 8.943.810Frw y’ubwicungure, n’indishyi zinyuranye. [3] Mu rubanza RCOM00823/2022/TC rwaciwe ku wa 30/12/2022, urwo Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ikirego cya SRI SAR Motor Ltd gifite ishingiro, rutegeka NDAHIRO Samson kuyishyura

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34.943.810 Frw agizwe na 42.000.000 y’igiciro cy’imodoka na 8.943.810Frw y’ubwicungure, havanywemo 16.000.000Frw yari amaze kwishyura hamwe n’inyungu zayo, kandi akishyura ibyagiye ku rubanza. Ndahiro Samson yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere Urukiko rwirengagije ibimenyetso yatanze, mu rubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2024 Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [4] Ku wa 21/09/2024 NDAHIRO Samson yatanze ikirego asaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urwo rubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC, ku wa 22/09/2024 atanga ikirego cyihutirwa, arega SRI SAR Motors Ltd anagobokesha ku gahato Umuhesha w’Inkiko Umukunzi Angélique, asaba ko irangiza ry’urubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC riba rihagaze mu gihe hagitegerejwe imikirize y’urubanza ku kirego gisaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya kuko mu gihe rwarangizwa imitungo ye ikagurishwa mu cyamunara, akazatsinda urubanza rusubirishamo ingingo nshya, atashobora gusubirana imitungo ye yaba yagurishijwe mu cyamunara. [5] Mu rubanza RCOM00017/2024/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 24/10/2024 rwemeje ko ikirego cya Ndahiro Samson nta shingiro gifite kuko atagaragaza igihombo kitagira igaruriro yagira urubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC rurangijwe mu gihe hatarafatwa icyemezo ku kirego cy’iremezo, bityo iryo rangizarubanza rikaba rigomba gukomeza. [6] Ndahiro Samson yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwafashe ibintu uko bitari bigatuma igihombo cye kitumvikana, runemeza ko atagaragaje igihombo kitagira igaruriro azagira rudashingiye ku bimenyetso bigaragaza ko SRI SAR Motors yaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kuzamwishyura icyo gihombo. Abaregwa bireguye bavuga ko ubujurire bwa Ndahiro Samson nta shingiro bufite kuko atagaragaza icyo anenga ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko mu rubanza rwajuririwe. Umukunzi Angélique yongeraho ko atagombye kuregwa muri uru rubanza, asaba guhabwa 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. [7] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye kuwa 18/11/2024, Ndahiro Samson ahagarariwe na Me Mukayiranga Marianah, SRI SAR Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Muragijimana Emmanuel naho Umukunzi Angélique yunganiwe na Ingenzi Jean Felix. [8] Hashingiwe ku mpaka zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira bigize urubanza: Kumenya niba hari ikosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ikirego cyihutirwa Ndahiro Samson yatanze asaba guhagarika irangiza ry’urubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC mu gihe hategerejwe ko urubanza ku kirego cyo kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya rucibwa, nta shingiro gifite. Kumenya ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa na Umukunzi Angélique. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba hari ikosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ikirego cyihutirwa NDAHIRO Samson yatanze asaba guhagarika irangiza ry’urubanza RCOMA 00061/2023/HCC mu gihe hategerejwe ko urubanza ku kirego cyo kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya rucibwa, nta shingiro gifite [9] Mu myanzuro ye no mu miburanire, Me Mukayiranga Marianah avuga ko icyo Ndahiro Samson ahagarariye anenga urubanza rwajuririwe kuba rwarafashe ibintu uko bitari bituma ibisobanuro yatanze by’uko imitungo ye nigurishwa mu cyamunara azagira igihombo kidafite igaruriro bitumvikana, n’Urukiko rubiheraho rwemeza ko icyo gihombo ntacyo yagaragaje kandi atari byo. Asobanura ko

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igihombo kidafite igaruriro azagira gishingiye ku kuba imitungo ye nigurishwa yarapfobejwe, bityo mu cyamunara ikaba itazagurwa ku gaciro nyakuri kayo, bivuze ko n’iyo yatsinda urubanza ku kirego gisaba gusubirihanmo RCOMA00061/2023/HCC ingingo nshya SRI SAR Motors Ltd ikamusubiza amafaranga iyo mitungo yaba yaragurishijwe muri cyamunara atashobora kongera kuyisubirana ; ko kandi n’iyo yasubizwa amafaranga arenze ku yavuye mu cyamunara atazashobora kugura indi mitungo nkayo. Akomeza asobanura ko igihombo kidafite igaruriro Ndahiro Samson azagira kinagaragazwa n’uko agaciro imodoka iburanwa yari ifite mu kwaka wa 2021 kangana na ka 21.948.000Frw nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo y’umugenagaciro, ngo nyamara we akaba amaze kwishyura 22.000.000Frw arenze ako gaciro, hakaniyongeraho amafaranga arenga 1.000.000Frw y’ibyakoreshejwe mu rwego rwa cyamunara nk’amagenagaciro y’imitungo ye yakoreshjwe kimwe n’amatangazo. [10] Me Muragijimana Emmanuel uhagarariye SRI SAR Motors Ltd mu myanzuro ye no mu miburanire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutafashe ibintu uko bitari, ko ahubwo rwasobanuye ibyo ikirego kihutirwa kigomba kuba cyujuje kandi ko Ndahiro Samson akaba atarabigaragaje, no mu bujurire bwe akaba atabigaragaza icyo anenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko, kuko ibyo asobanura bijyanye n’amafaranga yishyuye, uretse no kuba atarabiburanishije mbere, binajyanye n’urubanza mu mizi bityo Urukiko rukaba rutabifataho icyemezo kuko byaba binyurnayije n’amategeko. Uhagarariye SRI SAR Motors Ltd asoza ashimangira ko ifite ubushobozi bufatika bwo kwishyura igihombo Ndahiro Samson yagira biturutse ku irangiza ry'Urubanza RCOMA00061/2021/HCC. [11] Umukunzi Angélique n’umwunganira bavuga ko gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya bidahagarika irangizwa ryarwo hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 173 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’Ubutegetsi, bityo hakaba nta mpamvu n’imwe imubuza gukomeza kurangiza urubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC ; kandi ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 115 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru, kugobokeshwa kwe mu rubanza nta shingiro bifite kuko nta nyungu arufitemo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba hari ikosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ikirego cyihutirwa NDAHIRO Samson yatanze asaba guhagarika irangiza ry’urubanza RCOMA 00061/2023/HCC mu gihe hategerejwe ko urubanza ku kirego cyo kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya rucibwa, nta shingiro gifite. [12] Ingingo ya 185 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu igira iti: “Iyo hari ikirego cy’iremezo, ariko hagomba kugira icyemezwa by’agateganyo mu buryo bwihuta ku rubanza rwaregewe urukiko rutaraburanishwa, ikirego cyihutirwa gishyikirizwa umucamanza ushinzwe kurangiza impaka zihutirwa w’aho zigomba gukemurirwa hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe bw’ihamagara”. [13] Mu rubanza RC00002/2016/CS - RC0003/16/CS rwaciwe ku wa 14/10/2016 haburana Kayitsinga Aléxis, Kanyamibwa Immaculée na Nsangineza Céléstin, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko kugira ngo ibirego byihutirwa bihabwe ishingiro, bigomba kuba byujuje ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi aribyo : 1º) ubwihutirwe kugira ngo bigire icyo biramira, ku buryo bitinze haba igihombo kitagira igaruriro, 2º) kuba icyemezo ari icy’agateganyo, 3º) kuba kitagomba kubangamira urubanza mu mizi. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire harimo urubanza RCOM00001/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/06/2024, NEXTGEN DEVELOPERS Ltd iburana na NFCS Ltd na Gasirikare Evariste n’urubanza RCOM00002/2024/CA rwaciwe kuwa 09/08/2024 hagati ya Radiant Insurance, Gafaranga Ismaël na Pyramide Minerals Supply Ltd.

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[14] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga impamvu zavuzwe haruguru NDAHIRO Samson ashingiraho asaba ko irangizwa ry’urubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC riba rihagaze, nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabibonye, zitagaragaza ko hari ubwihutirwe bugamije kugira ngo bigire icyo biramira, ku buryo bitinze byamutera igihombo kitagira igaruriro, kuko ibisobanuro atanga byumvikanisha ko icyo yita igihombo kidasubirwaho ari impungenge afite z’uko imitungo ye igurishijwe mu cyamunara hanyuma agatsinda urubanza rusaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RCOMA00061/2023/HCC atazashobora kuyisubirana ngo kuko yaba yaguzwe ku gaciro gato, ku buryo n’iyo SRI SAR Motors Ltd yamusubiza ikiguzo cyayo atazashobora kuyisubirana cyangwa kugura indi nkayo. [15] Urukiko rurasanga uretse no kuba atagaragaza icyo ashingiraho avuga ko iyo mitungo yagurishwa ku gaciro gato, ibi bitakwitiranywa no kuba byamuteza igihombo kidasubirwaho kuko mu gihe yaba atsinze urubanza nta kimubuza kuba yakoresha inzira ziteganywa n’amategeko akagaragaza igihombo cyose igurishwa ry’iyo mitungo ye ryaba ryamuteye no kubisabira indishyi. [16] Urukiko rurasanga kandi indi mpamvu Ndahiro Samson ashingiraho y’uko amafaranga amaze kwishyura SRI SAR Motors Ltd arenze agaciro k’imodoka iburanwa bijyanye n’ikiburanwa mu rubanza mu mizi aho avuga ko nta mwenda afitiye SRI SAR Motors Ltd, bityo bikaba bitasuzumwa muri uru rubanza kuko byaba bibangamiye urubanza mu mizi, [17] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 185 yavuzwe haruguru no kisobanuro byose byatanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu kwemeza ko ikirego cya Ndahiro Samson nta shingiro gifite, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. Gusuzuma ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa na Umukunzi Angélique [18] Umukunzi Angélique asaba Urukiko gutegeka Ndahiro Samson kumwishyura 1.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n'igihembo cya Avoka kubera gukomeza gushorwa mu manza zitari ngombwa. [19] Uhagarariye Ndahiro Samson avuga ko Umukunzi Angelique atashowe mu manza ahubwo yarezwe nk’urimo kurangiza urubanza, kandi ko nta ndishyi zitangwa mu manza zihutirwa kuko zitangirwa mu rubanza rw’iremezo, bityo ibyo asaba bikaba nta shingiro bifite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA. [20] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi igira iti : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [21] Urukiko rurasanga Ndahiro Samson ari we wagobokesheje Umukunzi Angélique muri uru rubanza rw’ikirego cyihutirwa, akaba ari nawe wajuriye kuri uru rwego maze biba ngombwa ko Umukunzi Angélique akurikirana urubanza anashaka umwunganira, kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe ubujurire bwa Ndahiro Samson bukaba nta shingiro bufite ; hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 yavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rugeneye Umukunzi Angélique 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikrianarubanza, kuko atari umuburanyi mu rubanza rw’iremezo bityo akaba nta handi yasabira ibyo yatakaje kuri uru rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ndahiro Samson nta shingiro bufite.

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[23] Rwemeje ko urubanza RCOM00017/2024/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku itariki ya 24/10/2024 rudahindutse. [24] Rutegetse Ndahiro Samson kwishyura Umukunzi Angélique amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza. [25] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.