NISHIMWE vs. HORIZON CONSTRUCTION Ltd

# NISHIMWE vs. HORIZON CONSTRUCTION Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-01-18 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00019/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NISHIMWE vs. HORIZON CONSTRUCTION Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC 00019/2022/CA (Rukundakuvuga, J. P., Ngagi na Munyangeri, J.) 18 Mutarama 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Umukozi uhoraho – Umukozi udafite amasezerano yanditse agomba gufatwa nk’umukozi uhoraho, mu gihe yaba yarakoreye umukoresha umwe nibura mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu kandi ahembwa umushahara udahinduka. Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo –Amasezerano y'umurimo – Nyakabyizi – Gutangirwa imisanzu ya RSSB – Umukozi uhemberwa umunsi yakoze nubwo yaba yakoze amezi agera kuri atandatu yikurikiranyije kandi atangirwa umusanzu muri RSSB afatwa nka nyakabyizi, kuko aba atarakoze mu buryo buhoraho. Mu gihe bigaragaye ko atatangiwe imisanzu kandi yarakoze agomba kuyitangirwa n'umukoresha we. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nishimwe yakoreye Horizon Construction Ltd nta masezerano y’akazi yanditse bagiranye mu gihe cy’umwaka n’amezi icyenda. Nyuma yaje gusezererwa mu magambo maze aregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba indishyi z’uko yirukanwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, indishyi zisimbura integuza atahawe, imperekeza, indishyi zijyanye n’icyemezo cy’umurimo yahawe ariko kituzuye, indishyi z’insimburakiruhuko cy’umwaka atahawe, n’amasaha y’ikirenga atahembewe, asaba gusubizwa amafaranga yagiye akatwa ku mushahara we, no gutangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize muri RSSB, ndetse no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka. Horizon Construction Ltd ivuga ko Urega atigeze yirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ku buryo yabisabira indishyi kubera ko yakoraga nka nyakabyizi, aho yahembwaga uko yabaga yakoze, ibyo yamugombaga nk’umukoresha we akaba yarabimuhaye, bityo izo ndishyi asaba zikaba nta shingiro zifite. Urukiko Rwisumbuye mu rubanza RSOC 00602/2019/TGI/NYGE rwemeje ko ikirego cy’Urega gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe maze rumugenera indishyi zo kuba yarirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ndetse no gutangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize muri RSSB atatangiwe. Iki cyemezo, cyajuririwe n’impande zombi mu Rukiko Rukuru maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bw’Urega nta shingiro bufite, ahubwo ubw’Uregwa aribwo bufite ishingiro, ko urubanza rujuririrwa ruhindutse, Urega akaba agomba kwishyura ibyo Uregwa yatanze mu rubanza. Ibi byatumye Urega asaba ko rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane arabyemererwa, maze mu cyemezo cye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko ruburanishwa n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urega yari umukozi uhoraho cyangwa niba yari nyakabyizi n’ingaruka zabyo, dore ko avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamurenganyije rukemeza ko ari nyakabyizi nyamara yari umukozi uhoraho. Avuga ko, nubwo nta masezerano y’akazi yanditse yakoranye n’umukoresha we, yari umukozi uhoraho kuko yari yararengeje iminsi mirongo icyenda (90) iteganywa n’itegeko, amukorera. Umukoresha we Horizon Construction Ltd asobanura ko nta karengane Urega yagiriwe kuko yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi, uhemberwa iminsi yakoze nkuko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yitangiye yagiye ahemberwaho, aho yahembwe imishahara y’ukwezi itandukanye bitewe n’iminsi yabaga yakoze mu kwezi. Akomeza asobanura ko nubwo yahembwaga ku kwezi ariko habazwe imibyizi yakozemo si byo byerekana ko yari umukozi uhoraho cyangwa se kuba yaratangirwaga imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize. Hasuzumwe kandi ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize Urega agomba gutangirwa n’umukoresha we kuko avuga ko yamukoreye amezi agera muri makumyabiri (20) ariko

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atangirwa imisanzu y’amezi 14 gusa bityo, akaba asaba uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Uregwa akamutangira iy’amezi atandatu (6) atamutangiye. Ibi abivuga ashingiye ku muro watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ko buri mukozi wese agomba gutangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize kabone n’ubwo yaba akora mu buryo bw’imirimo idashingiye ku masezerano y’akazi yanditse cyangwa mu gihe yaba akora imirimo y’igihe gito. Uregwa yisobanuye kuri iyo ngingo avuga ko Urega atariwe ugomba kuregera imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize atatangiwe muri RSSB, kubera ko itegeko rigenga iby’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi rigenzura, rikanateganya ibihano ku mukoresha utaryubahirije. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umukozi udafite amasezerano yanditse agomba gufatwa nk’umukozi uhoraho, mu gihe yaba yarakoreye umukoresha umwe nibura mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu kandi ahembwa umushahara udahinduka. 2. Umukozi uhemberwa umunsi yakoze nubwo yaba yakoze amezi agera kuri atandatu yikurikiranyije kandi atangirwa umusanzu muri RSSB afatwa nka nyakabyizi, kuko aba atarakoze mu buryo buhoraho. Mu gihe bigaragaye ko atatangiwe imisanzu kandi yarakoze agomba kuyitangirwa n'umukoresha we. Ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 11, 39 n’iya 70. Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Itegeko Nº 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 1, 15, 19, 33 n’iya 47. Itegeko N° 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigena ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00005/2022/SC, Nayituriki Redemptus na Hayton Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/04/2023. RS/INJUST/RSOC 00006/2022/SC, Nsengiyumva Ismaël na Hayton Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/04/2023. RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2022/SC, Rugina Jason na Sonarwa Life Assurance Company Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 08/07/2022. RS/ INJUST/ RC 00004/2019/SC, Havugimana n’abandi na Candali rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 28/ 07/2020. RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2018/SC, Nditiribambe Samuel, Gatera Jason na Nyamaswa Faustin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/03/2020. RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2018/CS, Ngizweninshuti Albert na Muhima Giovanni rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/02/2020. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

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[1] Nishimwe Françoise yakoreye Horizon Construction Ltd kuva ku wa 19/01/2017 kugeza mu kwezi kwa Nzeri 2018 nta masezerano y’akazi yanditse bagiranye, akora nka “Operator wa Block Making Machine”, hanyuma aza gusezererwa ku kazi mu magambo. Ibyo byatumye aregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge avuga ko yasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, agasimburwa n’uwitwa Kayiranga Jean de Dieu, bityo asaba Urukiko guhabwa indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, indishyi zisimbura integuza atahawe, imperekeza, indishyi zijyanye n’icyemezo cy’umurimo yahawe ariko kituzuye, indishyi z’insimburakiruhuko cy’umwaka atahawe, n’amasaha y’ikirenga atahembewe, asaba gusubizwa amafaranga yagiye akatwa ku mushahara we, no gutangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize muri RSSB, ndetse no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka. [2] Horizon Construction Ltd yireguye ivuga ko itigeze igirana amasezerano y’akazi na Nishimwe Françoise, ko ahubwo yayikoreraga nka nyakabyizi, kandi ko yagiye ahembwa uko yabaga yakoze, akaba atarigeze asezererwa ku kazi; bityo ko indishyi asaba nta shingiro ryazo kuko yahawe ibyo umukoresha yamugombaga byose, ko ahubwo ari we wategekwa kwiyishyura amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza bitewe no kuyishora mu rubanza nta mpamvu. [3] Mu rubanza RSOC 00602/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 12/02/2021, Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nishimwe Françoise gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko yasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rutegeka Horizon Construction Ltd guha Nishimwe Françoise indishyi mu buryo bukurikira: - 720.000 Frw zo kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; - 120.000 Frw y’indishyi zisimbura integuza; - 98.181 Frw y’insimburakiruhuko: 98.181 Frws. Yose hamwe akaba 938.181 Frw. - Rutegeka Horizon Construction Ltd gutangira Nishimwe Françoise imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize muri RSSB kuva ku wa 19/01/2017 kugeza mu kwa 09/2018 kandi uko bikwiye, ikanamusubiza amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000 Frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama arega. [4] Nishimwe Françoise yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rutamugeneye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kandi yarayasabye nk’uko bigaragara mu myanzuro y’ikirego; Horizon Construction Ltd nayo yarajuriye ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko Nishimwe Françoise ari umukozi uhoraho, rwirengagije ko yari nyakabyizi, ko kandi atagombaga kuregera imisanzu atatangiwe kuko ibyo biri mu nshingano za RSSB. [5] Mu rubanza RSOCA 00085, 00100/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/06/2022, Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire rwashyikirijwe na Nishimwe Françoise nta shingiro bufite, ko ubwa Horizon Construction Ltd bufite ishingiro. Rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse, Nishimwe Françoise akaba agomba kwishyura Horizon Construction Ltd, amafaranga ya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza ahwanye n’ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo itanu (750.000 Frw). Rutegeka ko ingwate y’amagarama ihwanye n’ibyakozwe. [6] Nishimwe Françoise yasabye ko urubanza RSOCA 00085, 00100/2021/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo nimero 281/CJ/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ari rwo ruzongera kuruburanisha, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC 00019/2022/CA.

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[7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 03/01/2024, Nishimwe Françoise yunganiwe na Me Mushumba Merari, naho Horizon CONSTRUCTION Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Abijuru Emmanuel afatanyije na Me Basomingera Albert, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Nishimwe Françoise yari umukozi uhoraho cyangwa niba yari nyakabyizi n’ingaruka zabyo, icyo kumenya niba Nishimwe Françoise akwiye guhabwa amafaranga y’Integuza, ay’insimburakiruhuko, no guteganyirizwa muri RSSB amafaranga umukoresha atamuteganyirije ndetse n’ikijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka hamwe n’ayo gushorwa mu manza. Naho ikibazo kijyanye no kwishyurwa amasaha y’ikirenga Nishimwe Françoise avuga ko atishyuwe n’icyo guhabwa amafaranga avuga ko yakaswe ku mushahara, Urukiko rumaze kumva ababuranyi rwafatiye icyemezo mu ntebe rwemeza ko ibyo bibazo bidasuzumwa kuko bitasuzumwe mu rubanza RSOCA 00085, 00100/2021/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rushingiye ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1, runemeza ko abahagarariye Horizon Construction Ltd bagomba kuzashyikiriza Urukiko inyandiko igaragaza aho abakozi basinyaga (Igipande). II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Nishimwe Françoise yari umukozi uhoraho cyangwa niba yari nyakabyizi n’ingaruka zabyo [8] Nishimwe Françoise n’umwunganira bashingiye ku ngingo ya 11, igika cya 4 n’icya 6, y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda iteganya ko amasezerano y’umurimo ashobora kuba yanditse cyangwa atanditse, kandi ko amasezerano y’umurimo atanditse adashobora kurenza iminsi mirongo cyenda (90) ikurikiranye, ndetse no ku ngingo ya 70 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko umushahara wishyurwa buri munsi ku mukozi ukora ku isaha cyangwa ku munsi, buri cyumweru ku mukozi wahawe akazi k’icyumweru, buri minsi cumi n’itanu (15) ku mukozi wahawe akazi k’iminsi cumi n’itanu (15), na buri kwezi ku mukozi wahawe akazi ku kwezi, bavuga ko urubanza RSOCA 00085, 00100/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwamurenganyije kuko rwemeje ko yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi kandi atari byo. [9] Bavuga kandi ko n’ubwo nta masezerano y’akazi yanditse yari afite, ariko yari umukozi uhoraho kubera impamvu zo kuba: - yari yararengeje iminsi mirongo cyenda (90) ikurikiranye akorera Horizon Construction kuko ibyemezo by’umukoresha byo ku wa 18/09/2018 no ku wa 19/09/2018 byerekana ko yakoreye Horizon Construction Ltd umwaka n’amezi icyenda (9); yari afite umwanya uteganyijwe ku mbonerahamwe y’imirimo (Organigramme), kuko yari afite umwanya (titre) ya Block Making Machine Operator; - yarahembwaga ukwezi gushize, mu gihe nyakabyizi ahembwa iyo umunsi w’akazi urangiye; - yarasezerewe ku kazi abwirwa ko nta kazi kagihari, ariko bamara kumusezerera umwanya we bakawuzanamo undi, ari we Kayiranga Jean de Dieu, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko yasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo budakurikije amategeko; - yahawe “To whom” wagereranya na “certificat du travail” igaragaza imirimo yakoze n’igihe yatangiriye n’igihe yarangiriye, icyo cyemezo kikaba kidahabwa umukozi wa Nyakabyizi;

1Ingero ni urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2018/CS rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2020, haburana Ngizweninshuti Albert na Muhima Giovanni n’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2018/SC rwaciwe ku wa 13/03/2020, haburana Nditiribambe Samuel, Gatera Jason na Nyamaswa Faustin, ndetse n’urunbanza RS/ INJUST/ RC 00004/2019/SC rwa Havugimana n’abandi na Candali rwaciwe ku wa 28/ 07/2020.

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- yaratangirwaga imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize muri RSSB. [10] Bavuga na none ko basanga yarirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, bityo ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya 30 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya indishyi zihabwa umukozi wirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, Nishimwe Françoise asaba indishyi z’akababaro zihwanye n’ibihumbi magana arindwi na makumyabiri (720,000 Frw), ni ukuvuga 4.000 Frw ku munsi, ku kwezi akaba yaragombaga kubona 4.000 Frw x 30 = 120.000 Frw x 6 = 720.000 Frw (amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi na makumyabiri). [11] Abahagarariye Horizon Construction Ltd bavuga ko nta karengane kari mu rubanza RSOCA 00085, 00100/2021/HC/KIG, ko Nishimwe Françoise yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi kuko yahemberwaga iminsi yakoze bikaba bigaragwa n’inyandiko yitangiye igaragaza ko yagiye ahembwa umushahara utandukanye. Basobanura ko yakoze agengwa n’Itegeko Nº13/2009 ryagengaga umurimo mu Rwanda kugeza hagiyeho Itegeko Nº 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryatangiye gukurikizwa ku wa 06/09/2018, ariko ko Nishimwe Françoise atongeye kugaruka kuri chantier gusaba akazi nka nyakabyizi, ko ingingo ya mbere, agace ka 34º n’Itegeko Nº13/2009 isobanura ko umukozi wa nyakabyizi ari umukozi ukoreshwa umunsi ku munsi, ko rero Nishimwe Françoise yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi. [12] Basobanura kandi ko kuba yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi bigaragazwa n’uko nta mushahara n’umwe w’ukwezi kumwe, ungana n’uw’ukundi kwezi nk’uko bigaragazwa na “historique” ya “momo pay” Nishimwe yitangiye igaragaza ibikurikira: - ihindagurika ukwezi ku kundi ry'ingano y'amafaranga yahembwaga, kuko yahemberwaga gusa imibyizi yabaga yakoze (154.000,152.000, 150.000, 126.000, 118,000, 88.000; 82.000; 80.000, 76.000, 74.000, 64.000, 54.000, 28.000, 8.000; ….); - amezi Nishimwe atigeze akoramo n'umunsi n'umwe, bityo akaba nta n’igihembo kigaragara kuri “historique ya momo” (ukwezi kwa Nzeri 2017, ukwezi kwa Werurwe 2018 n’ukwezi kwa Kanama 2018). Nyamara, ntaho Nishimwe yigeze aregera ayo mezi ko atayahembewe yarayakozemo; - mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2018, yakozemo iminsi 2 gusa, bityo ahembwa 8.000 Frw; - imishahara yose yahembwe mu gihe cy’amezi 20 yakoreye Horizon Construction Ltd, ingana na 1.870.000 Frw, bitanga impuzandengo ya 93.500 Frw buri kwezi. Ibyo bikaba bivuguruza ibyo Nishimwe yemeza ko yahembwaga 120.000 Frw buri kwezi. [13] Bavuga kandi ko uretse ko nta n’ikimenyetso Nishimwe Françoise abitangira, ntaho organigramme ya Horizon Construction Ltd iteganya umwanya wa “Bloc Making Operator”, ibi bikaba binumvikana kuko imirimo yo kuri chantier iba igenewe kumara igihe kigenwe, ikaba itashyirwa muri organigramme. Ku bijyanye no kuba Nishimwe Françoise yarahembwaga ku kwezi aho kuba ku munsi avuga ko basanga umukozi uhemberwa ukwezi ahembwa umushahara udahinduka, utagendera ku mubare w’imibyizi aba yakoze akaba atari ko bimeze kuri we, ko rero kuba umukozi yahembwa buri cyumweru, buri munsi, buri minsi 15 cyangwa se ukwezi kurangiye hakabarwa imibyizi yakozwe, biterwa na organisation y’umukoresha, akaba atari ikimenyetso ko umukozi afite amasezerano y’igihe kitagennye. [14] Bakomeza bavuga ko kuba Nishimwe Françoise yaratangirwaga imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize atari impamvu yerekana ko yari umukozi uhoraho kuko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko yaba umukozi uhoraho cyangwa nyakabyizi bose batangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize. Naho kubyo avuga ko yasezerewe ku kazi abwirwa ko nta mwanya we ugihari, ariko bamara kumusezerera umwanya we bakawuzanamo undi witwa Kayiranga Jean de Dieu basanga, ari ibisanzwe kuri ba nyakabyizi kuko arangiza umubyizi we bwacya akagaruka gusaba akazi niba gahari, cyangwa

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ntagaruke; akaba ari nako byagenze kuri Nishimwe kuko yatashye arangije umubyizi we, bukeye ntiyagaruka, rero utagarutse ahita asimburwa kugirango hatagira ibipfa. Bityo ko nta karengane kari mu rubanza mu rubanza RSOCA 00085, 00100/2021/HC/KIG asubirishamo, ko rero n’indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo budakurikije amategeko Nishimwe Françoise asaba nta shingiro zifite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ingingo ya mbere, agace ka 33, y’Itegeko Nº 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryakoreshwaga igihe Nishimwe Françoise yatangiraga gukorera Horizon Construction Ltd, iteganya ko umukozi uhoraho ari umukozi uhabwa akazi mu gihe kizwi cyangwa kitazwi ariko umaze nibura amezi atandatu akurikiranye akorera umukoresha umwe, naho mu gace ka 34° igateganya ko umukozi wa nyakabyizi ari umukozi ukoreshwa umunsi ku munsi. [16] Ingingo ya 15, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N°13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryibukijwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira: amasezerano y’akazi ashobora kuba ayanditse cyangwa atanditse. Akorwa ku buryo bunogeye bene kuyagirana ku mpande zombi igihe bitabangamiye ingingo ya 19 y’iri tegeko. Gihamya y’amasezerano ishobora kuba uburyo bwose bubonetse2. [17] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00005/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/04/20233, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko ingingo zimaze kuvugwa, zumvikanisha neza ko nubwo umukozi nta masezerano yanditse yaba afitanye n’umukoresha we, ariko amaze nibura igihe kigeze ku mezi atandatu yikurikiranye kandi mu buryo buhoraho amukorera, agomba gufatwa nk’umukozi ugengwa n’amasezerano kuko bihita byumvikana ko bayafitanye ariko atanditse. Kugira ngo byemezwe ariko, umukozi uvuga ko agomba gufatwa muri ubwo buryo, agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko yakoze koko mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mu buryo buhoraho. [18] Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rushingiye ku kuba mu mwaka wa 2016 Nayituriki Redemptus yakozemo amezi atatu gusa, kandi akaba nta na rimwe yigeze yuzuza ukwezi, naho mu mwaka wa 2017 akaba yarakozemo amezi atandatu, ariko naho muri icyo gihe cyose akaba nta na hamwe yigeze yuzuza ukwezi, rwasanze yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi, maze rwemeza ko atarirukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kuko atigeze aba umukozi wa Hayton Ltd mu buryo bukurikije amategeko4. [19] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Nishimwe Françoise avuga ko yari umukozi uhoraho wa Horizon Construction Ltd, agashingira ku nyandiko igaragaza uko yagiye yoherezwa amafaranga kuri “mobile money” (MTN Rwanda momo statement), inyandiko igaragaza uko yagiye atangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize (Etat des relevés nominatifs des rémunérations par assuré) ndetse n’inyandiko igaragaza imirimo yakoze (To whom it may concern). [20] Ikimenyetso cy’inyandiko yiswe: “MTN Rwanda momo statement” kigaragaza ko Horizon ikoresheje nimero 0787604296 yagiye yohereza amafaranga kuri nimero 0781795398 (ya Nishimwe Françoise) mu buryo bukurikira: - ku wa 06/03/2017, yoherejwe 76.000 Frw; - ku wa 13/04/2017, yoherejwe 150.000 Frw

2 Iyi ngingo ihwanye n’iya 11 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryasimbuye iryo mu mwaka wa 2009 ivuga ko amasezerano y’akazi ashobora kuba yanditse cyangwa atanditse, ashobora kuba ay’igihe kizwi cyangwa kitazwi. Nishimwe Françoise yatangiye gukorera Horizon Construction Ltd hari Itegeko ry’umurimo rya 2009, ava mu kazi hagiyeho irindi Tegeko. 3 Reba igika cya 23 cy’urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00005/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023 haburana Nayituriki Redemptus na Hayton Ltd. 4 Reba igika cya 28 n’icya 30.

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- ku wa 23/05/2017, yoherejwe 152,000 Frw - ku wa 27/06/2017, yoherejwe 88.000 Frw - ku wa 09/06/2017, yoherejwe 102.000 Frw - ku wa 26/07/2017, yoherejwe 154.000 Frw - ku wa 29/08/2017, yoherejwe 126.000 Frw - ku wa 02/10/2017, yoherejwe 112.000 Frw - ku wa 03/11/2017, yoherejwe 118,000 Frw - ku wa 28/12/2017, yoherejwe 106.000 Frw - ku wa 11/12/2017, yoherejwe 82.000 Frw - ku wa 30/01/2018, yoherejwe 8.000 Frw - ku wa 27/02/2018, yoherejwe 74.000 Frw - ku wa 04/04/2018, yoherejwe 54.000 Frw - ku wa 11/05/2018, yoherejwe 64.000 Frw - ku wa 07/06/2018, yoherejwe 28.000 Frw - ku wa 28/06/2018, yoherejwe 114.000 Frw - ku wa 17/07/2018, yoherejwe 82.000 Frw - ku wa 20/09/2018, yoherejwe 10.000 Frw - ku wa 26/10/2018, yoherejwe 80.000 Frw. [21] Ikimenyetso cy’inyandiko yiswe: “Etat des relevés nominatifs des rémunérations par assuré” kigaragaza ko Nishimwe Françoise yafatiwe ubwiteganyirize muri RSSB ku wa 01/03/2017, muri uko kwezi atangirwa umusanzu wa 41.057 Frw, 55.448 Frw muri Gicurasi 2017, 21,587 Frw muri Nyakanga 2017, uwa 44.866 Frw muri Kanama 2017, 41.903 Frw muri Nzeri 2017, 96.082 Frw mu Ugushyingo 2017, 5.732 Frw muri Mutarama 2018, 58,834 Frw muri Gashyantare 2018, 59,862 Frw muri Werurwe 2018, 50.369 Frw muri Mata 2018, 20.063 Frw muri Gicurasi 2018, 92,696 Frw muri Kamena 2018, muri Nyakanga 65,606 Frw 2018, na 80,844 Frw. muri Kanama 2018. [22] Inyandiko yiswe: “To whom it may concern” yo ku wa 19/11/2018, igaragaza ko Nishimwe Françoise yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi (Casual worker) muri Horizon Construction Ltd kuva muri Mutarama 2017 kugeza muri Nzeri 2018. Muri dosiye harimo n’inyandiko ziswe “Daily Casual Paysheet” zo mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 2018, Gicurasi 2018 na Kamena 2018, zigaragaza ko Nishimwe Françoise yakoraga nk’umuhereza (aide), amafaranga yahembwaga ku munsi, iminsi yakoze, n’amafaranga yahembwe ashingiye k’umubare w’iminsi yakoze ku kwezi. Mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 2018 yakoze iminsi 12 ku manywa, n’iminsi 4 mw’ijoro, yose iba 16 gukuba 4.000 Frw = 64.000 Frw; mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 2018 yakoze iminsi 28.5 ahembwa 114.000 Frw, naho mu kwezi kwa Kamena 2018 yakoze iminsi 20.5, ahembwa 84.000 Frw. Mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2018, ntabwo Nishimwe yakoze nta n’ubwo yahembwe. [23] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, inyandiko yerekana amafaranga Nishimwe Françoise yagiye yoherezwa (MTN Rwanda momo statement), igaragaza ko nta kwezi na kumwe yohererejwe amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na makumyabiri (120,000 Frw) avuga ko yahembwaga ku kwezi, inagaragaza ko nta kwezi na kumwe yohererejwe amafaranga angana n’ay’ukundi kwezi. Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko buri kwezi yoherezwaga amafaranga ahwanye n’iminsi yabaga yakoze. Ikindi kimenyetso ashingiraho avuga ko yari umukozi uharoho n’inyandiko yerekana uko yagiye atangirwa

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imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize (“Etat des relevés nominatifs des rémunérations par assuré”), ikaba igaragaza ko hari amezi amwe yatangiwe imisanzu andi ntiyayitangirwa kandi nta kwezi na kumwe yatangiwe umusanzu ungana n’uw’ukundi kwezi, iki kimenyetso nacyo kikaba kigaragaza ko yatangirwaga umusanzu uhwanye n’umushahara yahembwe muri uko kwezi hashingiwe ku minsi yabaga yakoze, cyane ko n’inyandiko yahawe na Horizon Construction Ltd yiswe “To whom it may concern” igaragaza ko yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi, bikanashimangirwa n’inyandiko ziswe “Daily Casual Paysheet” zigaragaza iminsi yagiye akora mu kwezi nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru. [24] Urukiko rurasanga ibimenyetso byibukijwe haruguru bigaragaza ko Nishimwe Françoise atigeze aba umukozi uhoraho wa Horizon Construction Ltd, ahubwo ko yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi wahembwaga amafaranga ibihumbi bine (4.000 Frw) ku munsi yakoze nk’uko nawe abyiyemerera n’ubwo we ayakuba n’iminsi mirongo itatu igize ukwezi akavuga ko yahembwaga ibihumbi ijana na makumyabiri (120,000 Frw) ku kwezi, nyama nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru nta kwezi na kumwe yigeze ahembwa ayo mafaranga. Ikindi kandi ibimenyetso byose yashyikirije Urukiko nta na kimwe kigaragaza ko yakoreye Horizon Construction Ltd mu buryo buhoraho, ni ukuvuga gukora ukwezi kose kandi ahembwa umushahara umwe (udahinduka) mu gihe nibura cy’amezi atandatu, ku buryo yafatwa nk’umukozi wagengwaga n’amasezerano atanditse y’igihe kitazwi. Urukiko rurasanga rero Nishimwe Françoise atarirukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kuko atigeze aba umukozi uhoraho wa Horizon Construction Ltd. [25] Ku bivugwa Nishimwe Françoise n’umwunganira ko yari umukozi uhoraho wa Horizon Construction Ltd kuko yayikoreye iminsi irenze 90, bashingiye ku ngingo ya 11, igika cya 4 n’icya 6, y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda iteganya ko amasezerano y’umurimo ashobora kuba yanditse cyangwa atanditse, kandi ko amasezerano y’umurimo atanditse adashobora kurenza iminsi mirongo cyenda (90) ikurikiranye, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko icyo iyi ngingo ivuga, ni uko amasezerano atanditse adashobora kurenza iminsi 90, ariko ntabwo ivuga ko ayo masezerano atanditse ahita afatwa nk’amasezerano y’igihe kitazwi. Ahubwo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru kugira ngo umukozi udafite amasezerano yanditse afatwe nk’umukozi uhoraho, ni uko agomba kuba yarakoreye umukoresha umwe mu gihe nibura cy’amezi atandatu kandi ahembwa umushaha udahinduka. Kuba rero atariko bimeze kuri Nishimwe Françoise birumvikana ko atari umukozi uhoraho ahubwo yari nyakabyizi. [26] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko zagaragajwe haruguru no ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga Nishimwe Françoise atarirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kuko yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi, bityo rero indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, integuza n’indishyi z’insimburakiruhuko asaba muri uru rubanza ntizigomba gusuzumwa kuko ntaho zaba zishingiye, ahubwo hagomba gusuzumwa niba hari imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi atatangiwe agomba gutangirwa. 2. Kumenya niba hari imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize Nishimwe Françoise agomba gutangirwa na Horizon Construction Ltd [27] Nishimwe Françoise n’umwunganira bavuga ko Nishimwe Françoise yateganyirijwe gusa amezi 14 nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yiswe: “Etat des Relevés nominatifs des rémunérations par assuré” yatanzwe na RSSB ku wa 18/09/2018, kandi yarakoreye Horizon Construction Ltd amezi 20, ko rero asaba Urukiko gutegeka Horizon Construction Ltd kumubikiriza muri RSSB amafaranga y’amezi 6 itamubikirije. Avuga ko ibyo abishingira ku biteganywa n’ingingo ngingo ya 39, agace ka 6 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda. [28] Avuga kandi ko umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza Nsengiyumva Ismael ugaragaza ko buri mukozi wese agomba gutangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize kabone n’ubwo yaba akora mu buryo bw’imirimo idashingiye ku masezerano y’akazi yanditse cyangwa mu

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gihe yaba akora imirimo y’igihe gito, ko rero iyo bitaza kuba byemewe ko umukozi aregera urukiko mu gihe umukoresha yaba ataratangiye uwo mukozi imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwari kuvuga ko ubusabe bwa Nsengiyumva Ismael butagombaga kwakirwa n’inkiko yaregeye yavuze ko zamurenganyije. Bityo, ko imiburanire ya Horizon Construction Ltd kuri iki kibazo cy’ubwiteganyirize idakwiye guhabwa ishingiro. [29] Abahagarariye Horizon Construction Ltd bavuga ko bashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 12 y’Itegeko Nº 05/2015 ryo ku wa 30/03/2015 rigenga imitunganyirize y’ubwiteganyirize bwa pansiyo, rishyiraho uburyo RSSB ikurikirana ikanagenzura iby’itangwa ry’imisanzu ya pansiyo ndetse rikanateganya ibihano umukoresha ahanishwa iyo atubahirije ibiteganywa basanga Nishimwe Françoise atari we ugomba kuregera imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize atatangiwe muri RSSB. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [30] Ingingo ya 2, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigena ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi iteganya ko iri Tegeko rireba abakozi bagengwa n’amategeko agenga umurimo, abanyapolitiki bari mu nzego za Leta batarageza ku myaka y’izabukuru n’abakozi ba Leta bagengwa na Sitati. Naho igika cya kabiri cy’iyo ngingo kikagira giti: bafatwa nk’abakozi bavuzwe mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo, abakozi b’igihe gito... [31] Ingingo ya 47, agace ka 6, y’Itegeko Nº 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga mu gihe Nishimwe Françoise yatangiraga gukorera Horizon Construction Ltd, iteganya ko imwe mu nshingano z’umukoresha ari ugushyira abakozi mu bwiteganyirize bw’abakozi. [32] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00006/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/04/2023, haburana Nsengiyumva Ismaël na Hayton Ltd, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko ingingo zimaze kuvugwa haruguru zumvikanisha ko uko byagenda kose, buri mukozi agomba gutangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize kabone n’ubwo yaba akora mu buryo bw’imirimo idashingiye ku masezerano y’akazi yanditse (secteur informel) cyangwa mu gihe yaba akora imirimo igihe gito. [33] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza inyandiko yiswe: “To whom it may concern” yanditswe na Horizon Construction Ltd ku wa 19/11/2018, igaragaza ko Nishimwe Françoise yari umukozi wa nyakabyizi (Casual Worker) muri Horizon Construction Ltd kuva muri Mutarama 2017 kugeza muri Nzeri 2018. Inyandiko yiswe: “Etat des relevés nominatifs des rémunérations par assuré” yatanzwe na RSSB ku wa 18/09/2018, igaragaza ko nta misanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi Nishimwe Françoise yatangiwe muri Mutarama 2017, Gashyantare 2017, Mata 2017, Kamena 2017, Ukwakira 2017 n’Ukuboza 2017, naho muri 2018 yatangiwe imisanzu kuva mu kwezi kwa Mutarama kugeza mu kwa Kanama nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, kandi mu kwezi kwa Nzeri 2018 nibwo akazi kahagaze. [34] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabisobanuye mu rubanza rwibukijwe haruguru, buri mukozi wese harimo n’ukora imirimo y’igihe gito agomba gutangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi. Kuba rero hari imisanzu Horizon Construction Ltd itatangiye Nishimwe Françoise nk’uko yagaragajwe haruguru, birumvikana ko igomba kuyimutangira kuko ari inshingano zayo. [35] Ku bivugwa n’abahagarariye Horizon Construction Ltd ko Nishimwe Françoise atari we ugomba kuregera imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi atatangiwe, ko ahubwo biri mu nshingano za RSSB, nta shingiro bifite, kuko ntaho itegeko ribuza umukozi utakiri mu kazi, uri kuburana

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n’umukoresha kuba yasaba Urukiko gutegeka umukoresha we kumutangira imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize atamutangiye. Ikindi kandi mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, urwo Rukiko rwagiye rwemeza ko abakozi batangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi batatangiwe.5 [36] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko zibukijwe haruguru no ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga Horizon Construction Ltd igomba gutangira Nishimwe Françoise imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi itamutangiye muri Mutarama 2017, Gashyantare 2017, Mata 2017, Kamena 2017, Ukwakira 2017 n’Ukuboza 2017 mu gihe yayikoreraga nka nyakabyizi, ikayitanga ishingiye ku mafaranga yakoreye buri munsi. 3. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka ndetse n’amafaranga yo gushorwa mu manza asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [37] Uhagarariye Nishimwe Françoise avuga ko asaba Urukiko gutegeka Horizon Construction Ltd kumwishyura amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga ibihimbi magana arindwi na mirongo itanu (750.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka, no kumusubiza amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itandatu (60.000 Frw) y’ingwate y’amagarama, atahawe mu manza zabanje. Asaba kandi gutegeka Horizon Construction Ltd kumuha ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka, n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [38] Abahagarariye Horizon Construction Ltd bavuga ko amafaranga y’ikurkiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka ndetse n’amafaranga y’igarama Nishimwe Françoise asaba nta shingiro afite, kuko ari we wishoye mu manza kandi azi neza ko nta karengane yagiriwe mu rubanza RSOCA 00085, 00100/2021/HC/KIG. Bavuga kandi ko basaba Urukiko gutegeka Nishimwe Françoise kuyiha amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw) yo kuyishora mu manza nta mpamvu, amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [40] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza NISHIMWE Françoise asaba afite ishingiro, kuko byagaragaye ko hari ibyo yarenganyijweho n’urubanza No RSOCA 00085, 00100/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/06/2022, yasubirishijemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, kandi bikaba bigaragara ko byabaye ngombwa ko ashaka Avoka umwunganira muri uru rubanza. Urukiko rurasanga ariko agomba guhabwa ayo kuri uru rwego gusa, bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rumugeneye ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200,000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza.

5 Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 08/07/2022, haburana Rugina Jason na Sonarwa Life Assurance Company Ltd, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko Sonarwa Life Assurance Company Ltd yishyurira Rugina Jason ikinyuranyo cy’imisanzu itamutangiye muri RSSB, ndetse n’urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00006/2022/SC rwibukijwe haruguru, aho urwo Rukiko rwategetse ko Hayton Ltd igomba kwegera Ikigo cy’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi kugira ngo ibarishe imisanzu igomba gutangira Nsengiyumva Ismaël mu gihe cyose yayikoreye.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [41] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nishimwe Françoise gisubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSOCA 00085, 00100/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/06/2022, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [42] Rutegetse Horizon Construction Ltd kwishyurira Nishimwe Françoise imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi itamutangiye mu mwaka wa 2017, nk’uko yasobanuwe haruguru. [43] Rutegetse Horizon Construction Ltd kwishyura Nishimwe Françoise amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza.