NSHIMYEYO v. COPEDU PLC N’ABANDI

NSHIMYEYO v. COPEDU PLC N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-29 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00030/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NSHIMYEYO v. COPEDU PLC N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00030/2025/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 29 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’Inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Gutsindwa mu Nkiko hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe – Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Niyonsaba Marthe yahawe inguzanyo na COPEDU Plc yishingirwa n’ingwate y’umutungo utimukanwa ubaruwe kuri UPI: 1/02/13/03/326 yari asangiye n’umugabo we Nshimyeyo Chrispin. Niyonsaba yaje kunanirwa kwishyura ku neza inguzanyo yahawe, bituma COPEDU Plc igurisha mu cyamunara uwo mutungo watanzweho ingwate bikozwe n’Umuhesha w’inkiko Me Ndayisabye Albert. Nshimyeyo umugabo wa Niyonsaba yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye ku mutungo asangiye na Niyonsaba avuga ko atigeze amenyeshwa icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kugurisha ingwate (Permit to sale) hamwe na raporo y’igenagaciro y’uwo mutungo, bikaba byaramugizeho ingaruka kuko atabashije kuvuguruza iryo genagaciro nyamara umutungo we UPI:

1/02/13/03/326 warahawe agaciro gato kangana na 92.930.000 Frw. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite, rutegeka ko cyamunara yakorewe ku mutungo utimukanwa ufite UPI: 1/02/13/03/326 igumanye agaciro kayo kose. Nshimyeyo yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko asaba gusuzuma niba cyamunara yateshwa agaciro no kuvanaho indishyi yaciwe. Abaregwa bavuga ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite, basaba guhabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza n’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi idahindutse. Nshimyeyo yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko hari amategeko n’ibimenyetso byirengagijwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje. Ku rundi ruhande abaregwa batanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko ubujurire budakwiye kwakirwa ngo busuzumwe mu mizi kuko urega yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zibanza ku mpamvu zimwe. Nshimyeyo yireguye kuri iyi nzitizi avuga ko atatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi kubera impamvu zimwe, ngo kuko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutasuzumye ibyavuzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ahubwo rukavuga gusa ko nta shingiro bifite; bityo ko bitashoboka kugereranya impamvu inkiko zombi zashingiyeho, zikaba atari zimwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo

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rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Inzitizi y’iburabubasha ifite ishingiro. Nta mategeko yashingiweho. Imanza zifashishijwe: RCOMAA 0051/14/CS; RRA vs SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015, RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC; Bank of Kigali Plc vs MULISA KANA Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017, RCOMAA 0051/14/CS; RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015, RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC; Bank of Kigali Plc vs MULISA KANA Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y′URUBANZA [1] Niyonsaba Marthe yananiwe kwishyura ku neza inguzanyo yahawe na COPEDU Plc, bituma ku wa 30/12/2024 habaho cyamunara y’umutungo utimukanwa ubaruwe kuri UPI : 1/02/13/03/326 wari waratanzweho ingwate, cyamunara ikoreshwa n’Umuhesha w’Inkiko Me Ndayisabye Albert, iba hagamijwe kwishyura COPEDU Plc umwenda wari usigayemo ungana na 18.523.360 Frw, maze iyo ngwate yegukanwa na Keza Thalissa kuri 70.500.000 Frw kandi awegukana ku nshuro ya mbere ya cyamunara. Nyuma ya cyamunara, COPEDU yishyuwe amafaranga 18.523.360 Frw yari iberewemo, hanishyurwa amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu cyamunara hamwe no kwishyura imisoro ya RRA kuri uwo mutungo utimukanwa, ayakoreshejwe yose hamwe angana na 5.763.790 Frw, bemeza

ko amafaranga 46.212.850 Frw yasagutse agomba gusubizwa ba nyir’umutungo. [2] Nshimyeyo Chrispin yaregeye Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi asaba gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara yavuzwe haruguru kuko ngo atigeze amenyeshwa icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kugurisha ingwate (Permit to sale) hamwe na raporo y’igenagaciro y’uwo mutungo, bikaba byaramugizeho ingaruka kuko atabashije kuvuguruza iryo genagaciro nyamara umutungo we UPI : 1/02/13/03/326 warahawe agaciro gato kangana na 92.930.000 Frw. Yemeza ko imenyesha ry’icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kugurisha ingwate (Permit to sale) hamwe na raporo y’igenagaciro byagiye bimenyeshwa umugore we Niyonsaba Marthe kandi afite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, basanzwe banafitanye amakimbirane ku buryo batakibana, kuko umugabo aba I Muhanga naho umugore akaba i Kigali, ibi abiheraho asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakorewe kuri uwo mutungo, anasaba 1.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [3] Me Ndayisabye Albert yavuze ko Permit to sale hamwe n’inyandiko y'igenagaciro byamenyeshejwe nyir'ubwite wahawe inguzanyo ari we Niyonsaba Marthe, anasigirwa inyandiko

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igenewe umugabo we Nshimyeyo Chrispin, ibi ngo akaba ari gihamya ko yamenyeshejwe kandi ngo umugore we nta burwayi bwo mu mutwe afite, bityo cyamunara iregerwa ikaba itateshwa agaciro. Yifuza guhabwa 3.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [4] COPEDU Plc yavuze ko yahaye Niyonsaba Marthe inguzanyo, agatanga ingwate y’umutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/13/03/326, akanishingirwa n’umugabo we Nshimyeyo Chrispin, ageze aho ananirwa kwishyura ahabwa integuza ku wa 16/09/2024 asigajemo umwenda ungana na 17.397.103 Frw, ntiyawishyura bituma hakorwa cyamunara y’umutungo uwagurijwe yatanzeho ingwate, bikorwa Niyonsaba Marthe na Nshimyeyo Chrispin bamaze kumenyeshwa kuko icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru na raporo y’igenagaciro byashyikirijwe Niyonsaba Marthe udafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe kandi ubana n’umugabo we, akaba yarasinye ko azakiriye ku wa 29/11/2024. Isaba ko cyamunara iregerwa itagomba guteshwa agaciro. [5] Keza Thalissa yavuze ko Nshimyeyo Chrispin yamenyeshejwe permit to sale na raporo y’igenagaciro bihawe umugore we, ko kuvuga ko batabana kandi akaba arwaye mu mutwe nta kimenyetso abitangira, bityo ko cyamunara yabayeho igomba kugumana agaciro kayo. Asaba no guhabwa 1.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [6] Urubanza RCOM 00191/2025/TC rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 17/02/2025, ababuranyi bose bahari maze ku wa 21/02/2025 Urukiko ruca urubanza aho

rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nshimyeyo Chrispin nta shingiro gifite; rutegeka ko cyamunara yo ku wa 30/12/2024 yakorewe ku mutungo utimukanwa ufite UPI: 1/02/13/03/326 igumanye agaciro kayo kose; rutegeka Nshimyeyo Chrispin gusubiza COPEDU Plc, Ndayisabye Albert na Keza Thalissa 1.560.000 Frw kuri bose hamwe, agahaho buri wese 520.000 Frw akubiyemo 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 20.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [7] Nshimyeyo Chrispin ntabwo yishimiye iyo mikiririze y’urubanza, ajurira asaba gusuzuma niba cyamunara yateshwa agaciro no kuvanaho indishyi yaciwe. Abaregwa bavuga ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite, basaba guhabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza n’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. [8] Mu guca urubanza RCOMA 00110/2025/HCC ku wa 11/03/2025, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeye kwakira ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nshimyeyo Chrispin, rubusuzumye rusanga nta shingiro bufite; rwemera ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 00191/2025/TC rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2025 n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi idahindutse; rwemeza kandi rutegeka ko Nshimyeyo Chrispin aha COPEDU Plc na Keza Thalissa buri wese 700.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu; rumutegeka guha Ndayisaba Albert na Keza Thalissa buri wese amafaranga 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 50.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. Rutegeka ko amagarama y’urubanza ahera ku Isanduku ya Leta. [9] Nshimyeyo Chrispin nanone ntiyishimiye imikirize

y’urubanza, ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko hari amategeko n’ibimenyetso byirengagijwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje, ubujurire bwe buhabwa RCOMAA 00030/2025/CA. [10] Mbere yo kwiregura mu mizi, ababuranira abaregwa bose bavuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Nshimyeyo Chrispin budakwiye kwakirwa ngo busuzumwe mu mizi kuko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zibanza ku mpamvu zimwe ku ngingo yasuzumwe yererekeranye n’ingingo ya 27

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y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru no 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara no kwegukana ingwate, ariko ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi rugasanga rufite ububasha, rwakwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Nshimyeyo Chrispin butakiriwe kubera ko yajuriye akererewe. [11] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabaye ku wa 07/05/2025 COPEDU Plc ihagarariwe na Me Umulisa Alice, Me Ndayisabye Albert ahagarariwe na Me Twagiramungu Vincent, Keza Thalissa ahagarariwe na Me Uzamukunda Jeanne na Me Ntahonvukiye Edouard, naho Nshimyeyo Chrispin usazwe uhagararirwa na Me Mpirikanyi Gaspard ahagarariwe na Me Uwizera Zéno.Urubanza ruraburanishwa, hasuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe n’abaregwa ishingiye ku gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe, impamvu yo kutakira ikirego cy’ubujurire kubera gutangwa impitagihe, n’ibigenda ku rubanza mu gihe rwaba rurangiriye aha. Urukiko rutangaza ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 23/05/2025, uwo munsi isomwa ryarwo ryimurirwa ku wa 29/05/2025. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA

RYABYO

Gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nshimyeyo Christin buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire no kumenya niba butakwakirwa kuko bwatanzwe impitagihe [12] Abaregwa bose bashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 igika cya 3 cy’Itegeko n°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 Itegeko rigena ububasha bw’inkiko1, bavuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Nshimyeyo Chrispin 2, budakwiye kwakirwa ngo busuzumwe mu mizi kuko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zibanza ku bintu bimwe no ku bintu bisa. [13] Basobanura ko guhera ku rwego rwa mbere Nshimyeyo Crispin avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije amategeko3 n’ibimenyetso maze akagaragaza ko impamvu ari uko atashyikirijwe inyandiko za cyamunara harimo izimumenyesha icyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate ndetse akaba ataranashyikirijwe raporo ikubiyemo igenagaciro umutungo we wakorewe, kandi atarabanaga n’umugore wazimenyeshejwe agasigirwa na kopi z’umugabo we; ikindi kandi ngo n’umugore we akaba yari afite ikibazo cy’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe. Bavuga ko izo mpamvu z’ubujurire bwa

1 Iyo ngingo iteganya ibi bikurikira: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”.

2 NSHIMYEYO Chrispin yajuriye agaragaza ko mu gika cya 27 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw`Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko ubujurire bwe budafite ishingiro kubera ko atagaragaje itegeko cyangwa ibimenyetso byirengagijwe ariko ngo rukaba rutarashishoje kubera ko mu mwanzuro w`ubujurire yagaragaje ko Urukiko rw`Ubucuruzi rwirengagije ko Umwanditsi Mukuru yishe ingingo ya 27 y`Amabwiriza y`Umwanditsi Mukuru No 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara no kwegukana ingwate. Akomeza avuga ko icyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate mu cyamunara ngo Umwanditsi Mukuru atamugeneye kopi yacyo ariko ngo bikarenga Umuhesha w’Inkiko akamusigira kopi ye iwe mu rugo.

3 Ingingo ya 27 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru no 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara no kwegukana ingwate.

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kabiri yongera kugarura ubu zafashweho icyemezo mu gika cya 22 na 23 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa ndetse no mu gika cya 26 cy’urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere aho inkiko zombi zagaragaje ko Niyonsaba Marthe yakiriye inyandiko zimenyeshwa icyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate ndetse zikaba zinamenyesha raporo ikubiyemo igenagaciro ry’umutungo zikemeza ko nta shingiro zifite. [14] Abaregwa bavuga kandi ko Nshimyeyo Chrispin mu kurega ku nzego zombi, yagaragazaga ko Niyonsaba Marthe afite ikibazo cy’amaso ndetse n’icy’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe ngo bityo inyandiko yasinye zitahabwa agaciro nyamara ku nzego zombi iki kibazo na cyo cyarasuzumwe kandi gihabwa umurongo aho inkiko zombi iyi ngingo zitayihaye agaciro kuko ibimenyetso byagaragajwe birimo na raporo asinya ko yakiriye igenagaciro n’icyemezo ndetse akaba asigiwe na copy zigenewe Crispin. [15] Me Uwizera Zeno avuga ko batazi igihe iyo nzitizi y’iburabubasha yagiriye muri dosiye, ariko ko ari indemyagihugu yasuzumirwa igihe ibonekeye. Asobanura ko hiregangijwe ibimenyetso mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, aho rwavuze ko ubujurire bwa Nshimyeyo Chrispin budafite ishingiro ngo kubera ko atagaragaje itegeko cyangwa ibimenyetso byirengagijwe ariko ko aha rutashishoje kubera ko mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire yari yatanze yagaragaje ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije ko Umwanditsi Mukuru yishe ingingo ya 27 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru no 001/2020/ORG yo ku

wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha muri cyamunara no kwegukana ingwate. Bityo kuri bo ngo impamvu si zimwe kuko urwo Rukiko rutigeze rusuzuma ibyavuzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ahubwo ruvuga gusa ko nta shingiro bifite ; bityo ko bitashoboka kugereranya impamvu inkiko zombi zashingiyeho, zikaba atari zimwe. [16] Mu gihe cy’iburanisha ry’urubanza abaregwa basobanuye indi nzitizi batanze mu myanzuro, yo kutakira iki kirego cy’ubujurire (fin de non recevoir) bavuga ko Nshimyeyo Chrispin yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire impitagihe ku rubanza rwaciwe ku wa 11/03/2025, we arujuririra ku wa 16/03/2025, ko atari kurenza iminsi itatu hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 188, igika cya 2 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. [17] Me Uwizera Zéno wunganira Nshimyeyo Chrispin avuga ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 260 y’iryo Tegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ikirego bagitanze nk’ikirego cyihutirwa ariko ko bene ibi birego bikomeza kuba ibisanzwe ariko bikaburanishwa nk’ibyihutirwa, ko Itegeko ntacyo ryavuze ku gihe cy’ubujurire bwabyo, bityo ko bashoboraga no kujurira mu gihe cy’ukwezi nko ku bindi birego bisanzwe.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rubona ko ikibazo ababuranyi bafitanye gishingiye ku kumenya niba ubujurire bwa kabiri bw’urubanza RCOMA 00110/2025/HCC Nshimyeyo Chrispin yatanze buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko, abaregwa bavuga ko yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi ku mpamvu zimwe, ari cyo kibanza gusuzumwa mbere yo gusuzuma indi nzitizi batanze ko uyu yaba yarajuriye impitagihe kuko atubahirije ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko kuri bene ibi birego byo gusaba Urukiko gutesha agaciro cyamunara.

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[19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rubona ko ikibazo ababuranyi bagizeho impaka mu nkiko zabanje gishingiye kw’iyubahirizwa ry’ingingo ya 27 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru no 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha muri cyamunara no kwegukana ingwate, kuko Nshimyeyo Chrispin avuga ko atashyikirijwe inyandiko zose za cyamunara, inyandiko imumenyesha icyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate, raporo ikubiyemo igenagaciro umutungo we wakorewe n’ingingo ya kabiri yerekeranye n’uko Niyonsaba Marthe wari ufite ikibazo cy’amaso ndetse n’icy’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe inyandiko yasinye zitari guhabwa agaciro; ibyo bibazo ari byo byahuzwa n’icyo inkiko zombi zabanje zashingiyeho mu guca urubanza Nshimyeyo Chrispin agatsindwa kabiri yikurikiranya. [20] Ikibazo cyerekeranye no gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe cyafashweho umurongo mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga4 ndetse n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ruzishingiraho, aho izo Nkiko Nkuru zagaragaje ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. [21] Urukiko

rw’Ubujurire rubona ko by’umwihariko kuri uru rubanza rwatanzwemo iyo nzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko na COPEDU Plc, Ndayisabye Albert na Keza Thalissa, aho Nshimyeyo Chrispin yiregura ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko urwo Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutigeze rusuzuma ibyavuzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ngo rujye kubishakayo, ahubwo rukavuga gusa ko nta shingiro bifite, ingingo zasesenguwe mu Nkiko zombi ari zo zigomba kugereranwa nk’uko byafashweho umurongo muri izo manza zagaragajwe mu gika kibanziriza iki. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibibazo bijyanye no kumenya niba Nshimyeyo Chrispin atarigeze amenyeshwa icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyo kugurisha ingwate (Permit to sale) hamwe na raporo y’igenagaciro, hakamenyeshwa umugore we batakibana kandi ufite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe ku buryo byatuma cyamunara yo ku wa 30/12/2024 yakozwe ku mutungo UPI: 1/02/13/03/326 iteshwa agaciro ari byo bigomba kugereranywa harebwa niba yaba yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu gihe we avuga ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe kandi n’igerereranya muri izo nkiko zombi ngo ridashoboka, n’ubwo zombi zemeje ko atsinzwe, bigatuma ajurira. Harifashishwa umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC5, rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020 hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc AG Ltd na

4 Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza no RCOMAA 0051/14/CS hagati ya RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 n’igika cya 21 cy’urubanza, n° RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 hagati ya Bank of Kigali Plc na MULISA KANA Martin. Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza no RCOMAA 0051/14/CS hagati ya RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 n’igika cya 21 cy’urubanza, n° RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 hagati ya Bank of Kigali Plc na MULISA KANA Martin.

Reba urubanza n˚ RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Product Ltd na MAILCO Ltd, igika cya 24.

5 Aho mu gika cya 23 cyarwo, rwasanze -Ibi kandi binumvikanisha ko ibyaburanwe mu rwego rwa mbere ari na byo ubusanzwe bigomba kuburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga

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UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA (UR), mu guhuza imiburanire y’ababuranyi Nshimyeyo Chrispin, COPEDU Plc, Me Ndayisabye Albert na Keza Thalissa n'imisesengurire y’urubanza muri izo Nkiko zombi mu buryo bukurikira. [23] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza ko ikibazo cyasuzumwe mu rubanza RCOM 00191/2025/TC rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2025 mu bika byarwo bya 17-30 ari icyerekeranye no kumenya niba Nshimyeyo Chrispin yaramenyeshejwe icyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate y’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/13/03/326 afatanyije na Niyonsaba Marthe no kumenyeshwa igenagaciro ry’uyu mutungo ku buryo niba atarabimenyeshejwe Urukiko rwabiheraho rutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye ku wa 30/12/2024, hasuzumwa no kumenya niba Niyonsaba Marthe yaramenyeshejwe izi nyandiko nyamara atabona, anafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe ku buryo kumuha izi nyandiko ngo azihe umugabo we bifatwa nko kutazimumenyesha kandi bikaba byaba impamvu yo gutesha agaciro cyamunara yavuzwe, hanasuzumwa kandi ibijyanye no kuba Nshimyeyo Chrispin yarashyikirijwe izo nyandiko nyamara atarabaga muri urwo rugo bitewe n’amakimbirane yari afitanye n’umugore we. Mu misesengurire y’urwo Rukiko rubona ko Nshimyeyo Chrispin yamenyeshejwe icyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate y’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/13/03/326 afatanyije na Niyonsaba Marthe, anamenyeshwa igenagaciro ry’uyu mutungo, ko mu gihe Niyonsaba Marthe yamenyeshejwe izi nyandiko nta burwayi yari afite bwamubuza

kuzimenyesha umugabo we, ko ndetse ingingo yo kuba yarahamagajwe aho ataba itagomba gusuzumwa kuko itashyikirijwe Umwanditsi Mukuru nk’inenge ituma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro, byerekana ko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 30/12/2024 itagomba guteshwa agaciro kuko ingingo ya 27 yagaragajwe haruguru yubahirijwe, bityo ikirego Nshimyeyo Chrispin yatanze yisunze ingingo ya 260 (5), iya 39 iya 27(1º,2º) n’iya 36 zagaragajwe muri iryo sesengura rwakoze, rusanga nta shingiro gifite. [24] Iyo ngingo imaze kuvugwa yongeye gusuzumwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza RCOMA 00110/2025/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 11/03/2025 ku bujurire bwa mbere, mu buryo bwo gusesengura niba cyamunara yateshwa agaciro no kuvanaho indishyi Nshimyeho Chrispin yaciwe yari yajuririye, isuzumwa mu bika bya 16- 27 byarwo, Urukiko rusanga Nshimyeyo Chrispin nta kimenyetso cyangwa itegeko agaragaza byirengagijwe, nta kimenyetso yatanze mu bujurire kivuguruza ibyemejwe mu rwego rwa mbere, bityo ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 150 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Urukiko rudahaye ishingiro iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire bwe. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusesenguye imiburanire ya buri ruhande, ibyashingiweho n’inkiko zombi mu guca urubanza, rubihuje n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”, ruyihuje n’umurongo wafashwe n’Inkiko Nkuru mu manza zagaragajwe hejuru; rurasanga inkiko zombi zarasesenguye mu buryo bumwe (raisonnement juridique) izo ngingo

ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe.

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zimaze kugaragazwa ku kibazo cya cyamunara yabaye ku wa 30/12/2024 igakorwa mu buryo bukurikije amategeko cyane cyane ingingo ya 27 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe hejuru, ariko Nshimyeyo Chrispin atanga ubujurire bwa kabiri, uru Rukiko rukaba rugomba kwemeza ko ubwo bujurire bwatanzwe mu rubanza RCOMAA 00030/2025/CA butari mu bubasha bwarwo. [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ikibazo cyerekeranye n’inzitizi ya kabiri y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko (fin de non recevoir) abaregwa bayitanze bavuga ko Nshimyeyo Chrispin yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire impitagihe, kitagishoboye gusuzumwa, mu gihe uru Rukiko rumaze gusanga nta bubasha rufite ku bujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Nshimyeyo Chrispin hashingiwe ku gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. Gusuzuma ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ibihembo bya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa muri uru rubanza na COPEDU Plc, Me Ndayisabye Albert na Keza Thalissa [27] Me Ndayisabye Albert avuga ko Nshimyeyo Chrispin akomeje kumuhoza mu nkiko kandi nta kosa amushinja yaba yarakoze mu muhango wa cyamunara, bityo bikaba bimubuza umwanya wo gukora imirimo ye ya buri munsi nk'umuhesha w'inkiko w'umwuga yishyura Avoka, we akoresha moyen dilatoire agamije gukomeza gufata amafaranga y'ubukode ava mu mazu yatejwe cyamunara, akaba ari muri urwo rwego asaba 1.500.000 Frw ya Avoka umuburanira muri uru Rukiko rw'Ubujurire rushingiye ku

ngingo ya 111 n'ingingo ya 152 CPCCSA. [28] Keza Thalissa na we ashingiye ku ngingo ya 152 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, n’ingingo ya 34 y’Amabwiriza n° 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko Nshimyeyo Chrispin yakwishyura igihembo cya Avoka wamuburaniye cya 1.000.000 Frw cyo kumuhagararira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza za 500.000 Frw kubera gukomeza gusiragizwa mu manza za hato na hato ku buryo bw’amaherere. [29] COPEDU Plc irasaba Urukiko gutegeka ko ihabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zihwanye na 1.500.000 Frw hakubiyemo igihembo cya Avocat n'ikurikiranarubanza. [30] Kuri uru rwego, ntaho Urukiko rubona Nshimiyeyo Chrispin yaba yarireguye ku mafaranga yavuzwe haruguru asabwa n’abaregwa.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [31] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: ʺIkirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [32] Hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo y’Itegeko imaze kuvugwa hejuru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza COPEDU Plc, Me Ndayisabye Albert na Keza Thalissa basaba kuri uru rwego, afite ishingiro, kuko

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byumvikana ko bashatse Avoka bo kubaburanira imbere y’Urukiko bakanakurikirana urubanza, rukaba rugomba kubagenera amafaranga agenwe mu bushishozi bw’urukiko kuko ayo basabye ari umurengera ugerereranyije n’aho urubanza rugeze, bityo bakaba bagomba kugenerwa buri wese angana n’ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 Frw) akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka kingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza angana n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [33] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha yatanzwe na COPEDU Plc, Ndayisabye Albert na Keza Thalissa, ifite ishingiro. [34] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Nshimyeyo Chrispin butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [35] Rutegetse Nshimyeyo Chrispin kwishyura COPEDU Plc, Ndayisabye Albert na Keza Thalissa buri wese amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 Frw) akubiyemo ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [36] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama y’uru rubanza Nshimyeyo Chrispin yatanze, ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo.