NYIRASAFARI v UMUJYI WA KIGALI N’ABANDI

# NYIRASAFARI v UMUJYI WA KIGALI N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-07-12 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RAD00002/2023/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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NYIRASAFARI v UMUJYI WA KIGALI N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RAD00002/2023/SC (Mukamulisa, J.P., Hitiyaremye na Kazungu) 12 Nyakanga 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza zisabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Ubujurire – Iyo urukiko rwaregewe akarengane rusanze harabaye amakosa mu kutakira ubujurire, rwemeza ko habaye amakosa, rukavuga ko urubanza rwagombaga kwakirwa, rukaburanisha mu mizi rwa rubanza rwari rwajuririwe, muri icyo gihe, Urukiko rwitwara nk’uruburanisha ubujurire bwa kabiri, rugakurikiza amategeko agenga ubujurire aho gukoresha agenga gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza zisabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Ibirego bishya – Kuba urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rukaburanishwa bundi bushya, ntibivuga ko umuburanyi yakwitwaza iyo nzira kugira ngo abe yazana ibirego bishya kandi bitararegewe ntibinasuzumwe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo, kuko umuburanyi atavuga ko yagize akarengane ku kibazo atigeze asaba Urukiko gusuzuma Amategeko agenga umuryango – Ishyingirwa ryemewe n’amategeko – Ikimenyetso cyemeza ko umuntu yashyingiranywe n’undi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko – Ikimenyetso cyemeza ko umuntu yashyingiranwe n’undi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko ni inyandiko y’ishyingirwa (acte de mariage), yaba idashoboye kuboneka ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose, igasimburwa n’urubanza ruciwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nyirasafari nk’umugore wa Habimana yareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge Akarere ka Kicukiro na Rudasingwa asaba gusubizwa umutungo w’umuryango wa Habimana, kuko ari umugore basezeranye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko akaba abifitiye ibyangombwa bibigaragaza. Avuga ko uwo mutungo uburanwa ari umutungo utimukanwa ugizwe n’ubutaka buherereye mu Karere ka Kicukiro, mu Murenge wa Niboye, mu Kagari ka Niboye, mu Mudugudu wa Munini, ukaba wari warashyizwe mu mitungo itagira beneyo, ukaza kugurishwa kuri Rudasingwa bikozwe n’Akarere ka Kicukiro. Akomeza asobanura ko yareze mu Rukiko nk’umugore wa Habimana asaba ko rutegeka Rudasingwa kuva mu mitungo y’umuryango wa Habimana (succession) no guhabwa indishyi zitandukanye. Akarere ka Kicukiro kireguye kavuga ko katagombaga kuregwa bityo, urubanza rugobokeshwamo Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo itagira beneyo, yireguye ivuga ko mu rwego rwo gucungira umutekano imitungo itagira beneyo, urutonde rwayo rwaruhawe n’Akarere ka Kicukiro, kuko yo itahakorera maze uwo mutungo ugurishwa Rudasingwa, amafaranga yawo ashyirwa kuri konti ya Minisiteri y’Ubutabera, nka Minisiteri iyifite mu nshingano. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya Nyirasafari nta shingiro gifite, ko icyemezo cy’Akarere ka Kicukiro giha uwo mutungo Rudasingwa kigumyeho, ko Leta y’u Rwanda (Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo itagira beneyo), igomba guha Nyirasafari amafaranga angana n’ikiguzi cy’ikibanza cye. Nyirasafari yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, maze Umujyi wa Kigali utanga inzitizi uvuga ko Nyirasafari nta bubasha afite bwo gukurikirana uwo mutungo wari wanditse kuri Habimana kuko atigeze agaragaza inyandiko y’urupfu ya Habimana hamwe n’inyandiko y’ishyingira igaragaza ko bari barashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Yiregura kuri iyi nzitizi, Nyirasafari avuga ko muri dosiye harimo icyemezo cy’uko yapfuye n’icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa kigaragaza ko bari barashyingiranywe byemewe n’amategeko.

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Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bwa Nyirasafari, yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali ifite ishingiro kuko atigeze arugaragariza izo nyandiko zimuhesha uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana uwo mutungo wa Habimana, ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge gihindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Iki cyemezo, Nyirasafari yakijuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko rwemeza ko afite ububasha bwo gukurikirana uwo mutungo, maze Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeza ko nta bubasha afite mu gihe atigeze atanga ikimenyetso gikurikije amategeko kigaragaza ko bari barashyingiranywe byemewe n’amategeko, ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rugumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. Nyirasafari yasabye gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RADAA00003/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, abyemererwa n’uru Rukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko rwongera kuburanishwa. Yaburanye agaragaza akarengane kari muri urwo rubanza yasabye ko rusubirishwamo avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaburanishije ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha gusa, ariko mu guca urubanza rugafata n’icyemezo mu mizi kandi atarahawe uburenganzira bwo kugira icyo abivugaho. Mbere y’uko uru rubanza ruburanishwa mu mizi, impande zombi zari zumvikanye ko bashyirirwaho umuhuza wabafasha gucyemura ikibazo kiri mu rubanza bafitanye, ashyirwaho ariko ubwo buhuza ntibwakunze kubera ko Umujyi wa Kigali wo washakaga ko urubanza rwabo rukomereza mu Rukiko. Muri uru rubanza habanje gusuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Nyirasafari afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana, aho asobanura ko afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo akomora ku mugabo we Habimana kuko yaba Umujyi wa Kigali, Ambasade y’u Rwanda, inzego za Komini n’umuryango bakomokamo bazi ko ari umugore we wemewe n'amategeko. Kuri icyo kibazo, Rudasingwa avuga ko ikirego cy’Urega kidakwiye kwakirwa kuko nta bubasha afite bwo gukurikirana umutungo uburanwa dore ko nta nyandiko y’ishyingirwa yigeze agaragaza yemeza bashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko kuko indangamuntu ya kera n’amabaruwa yandikiranye n’Umujyi wa Kigali bitasimbura ibiteganywa n’amategeko. Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo itagira bene yo nayo ivuga ko ikirego cy’Urega kidakwiye kwakirwa, mu gihe atagaragaza inyungu n’ububasha bwo gukurikirana uburenganzira avuga ko akomora ku wo yita umugabo we. Umujyi wa Kigali na wo uvuga ko Urega adafite uburenganzira bwo kuregera uwo mutungo wa Habimana, kuko urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa yagiye gushaka ari ikimenyetso cy’uko yemera ko inyandiko zose yari afite zitari zihagije, nubwo urwo rubanza rutashingirwaho kuko rwarangije guteshwa agaciro n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo urukiko rwaregewe akarengane rusanze harabaye amakosa mu kutakira ubujurire, rwemeza ko habaye amakosa, rukavuga ko urubanza rwagombaga kwakirwa, rukaburanisha mu mizi rwa rubanza rwari rwajuririwe, muri icyo gihe, Urukiko rwitwara nk’uruburanisha ubujurire bwa kabiri, rugakurikiza amategeko agenga ubujurire aho gukoresha agenga gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane. 2. Kuba urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rukaburanishwa bundi bushya, ntibivuga ko umuburanyi yakwitwaza iyo nzira kugira ngo abe yazana ibirego bishya kandi bitararegewe ntibinasuzumwe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo, kuko umuburanyi atavuga ko yagize akarengane ku kibazo atigeze asaba Urukiko gusuzuma. 3. Ikimenyetso cyemeza ko umuntu yashyingiranwe n’undi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko ni inyandiko y’ishyingirwa (acte de mariage), yaba idashoboye kuboneka ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose, igasimburwa n’urubanza ruciwe. Bityo, Nyirasafari nta bubasha yari afite bwo gutanga ikirego kiregera umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas, mu gihe nta kimenyetso gikurikije amategeko yerekana cyemeza ko bashyingiranwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko.

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Ubujurire bwashyikirijwe Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2019 ryo ku wa 29/07/2019 rigenga Umujyi wa Kigali, ingingo ya 3. Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 3 n’iya 111. Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ingingo ya 178. Itegeko No 13bis/2014 ryo ku wa 21/05/2014 rigenga umurimo w’Ubunoteri, ingingo ya 54 n’iya 55. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RP00001/2019/SC, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Habinshuti Eric, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 23/12/2020. RS/INJUST/RCOM00003/2020/SC, SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc vs. University of Rwanda rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020. RS/INJUST/RC00004/2019/SC, Mukamana Mamique n’abagenzi be vs. Candali Vérène n’abagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 28/07/2020. RS/INJUST/RC00007/2018/SC, Nditiribambe Samuel, Gatera Jason vs. Nyamaswa Faustin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/03/2020. RS/INJUST/RC00009/2019/SC, Mukankubito Daphrose na Nabimana Pierre rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 06/03/2020. RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2018/CS, Ngizweninshuti Albert na Muhima Giovanni, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/02/2020. RS/INJUST/RC00023/2018/SC, Ibyisi Augustin et al. rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2020. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Nyirasafari Gaudentia arega Akarere ka Kicukiro1, mu izina ry’umuyobozi wako na Rudasingwa James, asaba urwo Rukiko gukuraho icyemezo cy’Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro cyo ku wa 27/08/2015, gutegeka Rudasingwa James kuva mu mitungo ya “Succession” Habimana Phocas no guhabwa indishyi zinyuranye. Muri urwo rubanza hagobokeshejwe Leta y’u Rwanda (Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo idafite bene yo ibarizwa muri Minisiteri y’ubutabera). [2] Mu gusobanura ikirego cye, Nyirasafari Gaudentia avuga ko yari umugore wemewe n’amategeko wa Habimana Phocas wapfuye mu 1998, kandi ko mu mwaka wa 1988, Habimana Phocas yari yaraguze umutungo utimukanwa w’ubutaka uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Munini, Akagari ka Niboye, Umurenge wa Niboye, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali, ukaba ubaruye kuri UPI:1/03/09/02/481. Avuga kandi ko Akarere ka Kicukiro kafashe icyemezo cyo kwegurira uwo mutungo Rudasingwa James gashingiye ku kuba warashyizwe mu mitungo idafite bene yo, kandi afite ibyangombwa bigaragaza ko uwo mutungo ari uw’umuryango wa Habimana Phocas.

1Urubanza rugeze mu Rukiko Rukuru, Akarere ka Kicukiro kasimbuwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali kuko ariwo ufite ubuzima gatozi, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2019 ryo ku wa 29/07/2019 rigenga Umujyi wa Kigali.

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[3] Akarere ka Kicukiro kireguye kavuga ko katagomba kuregwa kuko umutungo watanzwe na Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo idafite bene yo. Iyo Komisiyo yagobokeshejwe muri urwo rubanza, yo yireguye ivuga ko urutonde rw’imitungo idafite bene yo rwatanzwe n’Akarere ka Kicukiro, mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano w’abayituriye kubera kutahakorera, maze uwo mutungo ugurishwa Rudasingwa James kuri 38.000.000Frw, ashyirwa kuri konti ya Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ibarizwa muri Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR). [4] Mu rubanza RAD 00043/2017/TGI/NYGE, rwaciwe ku wa 22/01/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyirasafari Gaudentia nta shingiro gifite, rutegeka ko hagumyeho icyemezo cy’Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro cyo ku wa 27/08/2015 giha Rudasingwa James ikibanza gifite UPI: 1/03/09/02/481 afatanyije na Kayitesi Joy, ko Leta y’u Rwanda/Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo idafite bene yo igomba guha Nyirasafari Gaudentia amafaranga angana na 34.200.000 y’ikiguzi cy’ikibanza cye, rutegeka Nyirasafari Gaudentia kwishyura igihembo cy’Abavoka ba Rudasingwa James kingana na 2.000.000Frw, akanishyura uw’Akarere ka Kicukiro 1.000.000 Frw, yose hamwe akaba 3.000.000Frw. [5] Nyirasafari Gaudentia yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, mu iburanisha Umujyi wa Kigali utanga inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cye kuko adafite ububasha bwo gukurikirana uwo mutungo wari wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas kuko hatagaragajwe ko yapfuye kandi hari inyandiko z’Ubushinjacyaha zimushakisha, no kuba nta kigaragaza ko habayeho isezerano ryo gushyingirwa mu buryo bukurikije amategeko hagati ye na Nyirasafari Gaudentia kandi ko yamuzunguye, kubera ko nta kopi y’inyandiko y’urupfu (acte de décès) ya Habimana Phocas na kopi y’inyandiko y’ishyingira (acte de mariage) hagati ya Nyirasafari Gaudentia na Habimana Phocas zigaragazwa. [6] Nyirasafari Gaudentia yireguye avuga ko muri dosiye harimo icyemezo cy’uko Habimana Phocas yapfuye (attestation de décès) n’icyemezo cyo kuba barashyingiranwe byemewe n’amategeko (attestation de mariage). [7] Mu rubanza RADA00019/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 31/01/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ikirego cya Nyirasafari Gaudentia kitaragombaga kwakirwa kuko nta bubasha yari afite bwo kuregera umutungo wasizwe na Habimana Phocas igihe atabanje kugaragaza inyandiko y’ishyingirwa (acte de mariage) hagati yabo, rwemeza ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bwa Nyirasafari Gaudentia yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali ifite ishingiro, ko urubanza RAD00043/2017/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ku wa 22/01/2019 ruvanyweho, uretse ku byerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka yarugenwemo. Rwategetse Nyirasafari Gaudentia guha Umujyi wa Kigali 500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka no guha Rudasingwa James 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka na 50.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yiyongera ku mafaranga bari bagenewe mu rubanza rwajuririwe, rutegeka kandi ko amafaranga yatanzweho ingwate y’amagarama aguma mu Isanduku ya Leta. [8] Nyirasafari Gaudentia yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire arusaba kwemeza ko yari afite uburenganzira bwo kurega kubera ko afite ibimenyetso bihagije byerekana ko yashyingiranwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko na Habimana Phocas no gutegeka ko urubanza rwoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru rukaruburanisha mu mizi yarwo. Rudasingwa James n’uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Nyirasafari Gaudentia kubera ko ari ubujurire bwa kabiri kandi bukaba butubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko. Urukiko rwashoje iburanisha, rumenyesha ababuranyi ko icyemezo ku nzitizi yatanzwe kizasomwa ku wa 21/10/2022. [9] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaciye urubanza RADAA00003/2022/CA ku wa 28/10/2022, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Nyirasafari Gaudentia buri mu bubasha bwarwo. Rwasuzumye kandi ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Nyirasafari Gaudentia yari yujuje ibisabwa ku buryo yagira ububasha bwo kurega ariko

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Urukiko Rukuru rukamurenganya, rukemeza ukutakirwa kw’ikirego cye. Rwasanze nta bubasha yari afite bwo gutanga ikirego kiregera umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas, kuko nta kimenyetso gikurikije amategeko yigeze agaragaza cyerekana ko bashyingiranwe byemewe n’amategeko. Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RADA00019/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/01/2022 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose, rutegeka Nyirasafari Gaudentia kwishyura Rudasingwa James, Umujyi wa Kigali na Leta y’u Rwanda (Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo idafite bene yo), buri wese 700.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka. [10] Nyirasafari Gaudentia yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga asaba ko urubanza RADAA00003/2022/CA rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane. Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga amaze gusuzuma ubusabe bwe, yemeje ko urwo rubanza rwongera kuburanishwa, ruhabwa RS/INJUST/RAD00002/2023/SC. [11] Mu myanzuro ye, uhagarariye Nyirasafari Gaudentia avuga ko akarengane kari mu rubanza yasabye ko rusubirwamo gashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaburanishije ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha gusa, ariko mu guca urubanza rugafata n’icyemezo mu mizi kandi atarahawe uburenganzira bwo kugira icyo abivugaho. Abo ku rundi ruhande bo bavuga ko urukiko rwasuzumiye hamwe inzitizi n’imizi y’urubanza, ku bindi ababuranyi bemeranya ko hazarebwa ibikubiye muri raporo y’inama ntegurarubanza. [12] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabereye mu ruhame ku wa 12/02/2024, Nyirasafari Gaudentia ahagarariwe na Me Niyitegeka Eraste, Umujyi wa Kigali uhagarariwe na Me Safari Vianney na Me Shema Gérard, Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo itagira bene yo ihagarariwe na Me Gahongayire Myriam (Intumwa ya Leta), Rudasingwa James ahagarariwe na Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent, Me Ssali Robert na Me Mwine Geoffrey. Ababuranyi bagiye impaka ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwarakoze ikosa ryo kwemeza ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite nyamara rwari rwaburanishije ibijyanye n’inzitizi gusa. [13] Mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi RS/INJUST/RAD00002/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 01/03/2024, Uru Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nyirasafari Gaudentia cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RADAA00003/2022/CA rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire ku wa 28/10/2022, gifite ishingiro, ruvuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwakoze ikosa ryo kwemeza ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite nyamara rwari rwaburanishije ibijyanye n’inzitizi gusa, rwemeza kandi ko urubanza RADAA00003/2022/CA rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/10/2022 ruvuyeho, ko iburanisha ry’urubanza ku ngingo z’ubujurire Nyirasafari Gaudentia yari yashyikirije Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rizakomeza ku munsi Ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko buzamenyesha ababuranyi. [14] Uru rubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa ku wa 03/04/2024, Me Niyitegeka Eraste ahagarariye Nyirasafari Gaudentia, Me Shema Gérard ahagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali, Me Gahongayire Myriam na Me Kabibi Spéciose baburanira Leta y’u Rwanda (Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo itagira bene yo), naho Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent na Me Ssali Robert bahagarariye Rudasingwa James. Ababuranyi bemeranyijwe ko hashyirwaho umuhuza wabafasha gukemura ikibazo kiri mu rubanza rwabo, nyuma yo kumwumvikanaho, bahitamo Me Butare Emmanuel, Urukiko ruramwemeza. [15] Mu ibaruwa ye yo ku wa 29/04/2024 ariko, Me Butare Emmanuel yamenyesheje Urukiko ko ubuhuza butagishobotse kubera ko “Noble & Co. Advocates” yagaragaje ko Umujyi wa Kigali baburanira ushaka ko urubanza rukomeza mu rukiko. [16] Uru rubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/06/2024 Nyirasafari Gaudentia ahagarariwe na Me Niyitegeka Eraste, Umujyi wa Kigali uhagarariwe na Me Safari Vianney, Leta y’u Rwanda (Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo itagira bene yo) ihagarariwe na Me Kabibi Spéciose

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(Intumwa ya Leta), Rudasingwa James ahagarariwe na Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent na Me Ssali Robert. [17] Mbere y’iburanisha mu mizi, habanje gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: a. Kumenya niba uru rubanza rwakoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru kugira ngo ruruburanishe. b. Kumenya niba Urukiko rwasuzuma ikibazo kijyanye no kwemeza ko icyemezo cy'Umuyobozi w'Akarere ka Kicukiro cyo ku wa 27/08/2015 gitanga umutungo wa “succession” Habimana Phocas kivanwaho. [18] Ku kibazo cya mbere, Urukiko rwabanje kwibutsa ababuranyi ko nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi, rugiye gusuzuma ingingo z’ubujurire Nyirasafari Gaudentia yari yarashyikirije Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rubaza ababuranyi kugira icyo bavuga ku kibazo kirebana no kumenya niba uru rubanza rwakoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru kugira ngo ruruburanishe nk’uko Nyirasafari yari yabisabye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Ababuranyi bose bahuriza ku kuba kohereza urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru bidashoboka kubera ko rurimo kuburanishwa mu rwego rw’akarengane, ko basanga Urukiko rw’Ikirenga arirwo rukwiye kuruburanisha mu mizi. [19] Urukiko rushingiye ku murongo rwatanze ko iyo urukiko rwaregewe akarengane rusanze harabaye amakosa mu kutakira ubujurire, rwemeza ko habaye amakosa, rukavuga ko urubanza rwagombaga kwakirwa, rukaburanisha mu mizi rwa rubanza rwari rwajuririwe2, ko muri icyo gihe, Urukiko rwitwara nk’uruburanisha ubujurire bwa kabiri, rugakurikiza amategeko agenga ubujurire aho gukoresha agenga gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane3, rwemeje ko uru rubanza rurimo kuburanishwa mu karengane rutagomba koherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru. [20] Urukiko rwasuzumye kandi ikibazo kijyanye no kwemeza ko icyemezo cy'umuyobozi w'Akarere ka Kicukiro cyo ku wa 27/08/2015 gitanga umutungo wa “succession” Habimana Phocas kivanwaho nyamara kitari mu ngingo z’ubujurire bwa Nyirasafari Gaudentia mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Nyuma yo kumva ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’ababuranyi, rushingiye ku murongo rwatanze mu manza zitandukanye ko kuba urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rukaburanishwa bundi bushya, bitavuga ko umuburanyi yakwitwaza iyo nzira kugira ngo abe yazana ibirego bishya kandi bitararegewe ntibinasuzumwe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo, kuko umuburanyi atavuga ko yagize akarengane ku kibazo atigeze asaba Urukiko gusuzuma4, rwemeje ko icyo kibazo kitagomba gusuzumwa mu rwego rw’akarengane muri uru rubanza. [21] Nyuma yo gufata icyemezo ku bibazo byavuzwe haruguru, iburanisha ryarakomeje, ababuranyi bajya impaka ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Nyirasafari Gaudentia afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas avuga ko ari umugabo we, n’ikibazo kijyanye n’indishyi zinyuranye zasabwe n’ababuranyi. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO

2Ibi byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM00003/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020 haburana SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc na University of Rwanda. 3Ibi byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RP00001/2019/SC rwaciye ku wa 23/12/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habinshuti Eric, no mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi RS/INJUST/RC00023/2018/SC rwaciwe ku wa 31/01/2020 haburana Ibyisi Augustin et al. 4Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00024/2018/CS rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2020, haburana Ngizweninshuti Albert na Muhima Giovanni, urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00007/2018/SC rwaciwe ku wa 13/03/2020, haburana Nditiribambe Samuel, Gatera Jason na Nyamaswa Faustin n’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00004/2019/SC rwaciwe kuwa 28/07/2020 haburana Mukamana Mamique na bagenzi be na Candali Vérène na bagenzi be).

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1. Kumenya niba Nyirasafari Gaudentia afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas avuga ko ari umugabo we [22] Me Niyitegeka Eraste uhagarariye Nyirasafari Gaudentia asaba Urukiko ko rwemeza ko afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo akomora ku mugabo we Habimana Phocas kuko yaba Umujyi wa Kigali, Ambasade y'u Rwanda, inzego za Komini n’umuryango bakomokamo bazi ko ari umugore wemewe n'amategeko wa Habimana Phocas. Avuga ko bimwe mu bimenyetso Nyirasafari Gaudentia afite ari ibi bikurikira: - “Attestation de marriage” zatanzwe n'ubuyobozi, zemeza ko Habimana Phocas na Nyirasafari Gaudentia bashakanye byemewe n’amategeko. - Inyandiko zatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali hamwe n’izatanzwe na Ambasade y’u Rwanda zemeza ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia ari umupfakazi kuri Habimana Phocas (procuration Nyirasafari yahaye Iyakaremye yemejwe na Ambasade y’u Rwanda mu Bubiligi). - Inyandiko z'umuryango Habimana Phocas akomokamo zemeza ko we na Nyirasafari Gaudentia bashakanye byemewe n’amategeko. - Urubanza rwemeza ko Habimana Phocas yashakanye byemewe n'amategeko na Nyirasafari Gaudentia5. [23] Yongeraho ko Umujyi wa Kigali wirengagiza ko wari usanzwe ukorana na Nyirasafari Gaudentia nk'ufite uburenganzira ku mutungo uburanwa, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amabaruwa atandukanye. [24] Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent na Me Ssali Robert bahagarariye Rudasingwa James bavuga ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia nta bubasha afite bwo kuregera umutungo wa Habimana Phocas mu gihe atagaragaza isano bafitanye ngo anagaragaze inyandiko y’ishyingirwa (Acte de mariage) yemeza ko bashyingiranwe koko, kuko indangamuntu ya kera n’amabaruwa yandikiranye n’Umujyi wa Kigali bitasimbura ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 178 y’Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango6. [25] Ku birebana na kopi y’urubanza ruvuga ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia yashakanye na Habimana Phocas rwaciwe ku wa 11/05/2023, Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent na Me Ssali Robert bavuze ko rwashyikirijwe ababuranyi ku wa 21/09/2023, urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaraciwe, ko kuba atararugaragarije Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mbere ngo rube rwarirengagijwe, rutashingirwaho mu rubanza rugamije gusubirishamo urundi ku mpamvu y’akarengane. Bongeraho ko kandi urwo rubanza rwamaze guteshwa gaciro n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze nk’uko icyemezo cyarwo cyo ku wa 03/06/2024, kibigaragaza. [26] Banavuga ko inyandiko zakoreshejwe muri urwo rubanza zikomoka mu mahanga, zikaba zitaracishijwe muri Ambasade mu buryo buteganywa n’ingingo ya 54, igika cya 2 n’icya 3, y’Itegeko No 13bis/2014 ryo ku wa 21/05/2014 rigenga umurimo w’Ubunoteri, kugira ngo zibashe guhabwa agaciro no gushingirwaho mu Rwanda, ko zitari gushingirwaho mu gufata icyemezo. Asoza avuga ko ikirego cya Nyirasafari Gaudentia kidakwiye kwakirwa kuko nta bubasha n’inyungu afite. [27] Me Kabibi Spéciose uhagarariye Leta y’u Rwanda (Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo itagira bene yo), avuga ko Urukiko rutafata umwanzuro rugendeye ku mvugo zidashyigikiwe n'ibimenyetso biteganywa n’amategeko, bityo ko mu gihe Nyirasafari Gaudentia atagaragaza inyungu n’ububasha

5Uru rubanza rwaciwe ku itariki ya 11/05/2023. 6Ivuga ko ishyingirwa rihamywa n’inyandiko y’ishyingirwa keretse igihe itegeko riteganya ubundi bwoko bw’ikimenyetso.

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bwo gukurikirana uburenganzira avuga ko akomora ku wo yita umugabo we, ikirego cye kidakwiye kwakirwa. [28] Anavuga ko urubanza rwashyizwe muri dosiye rugaragaza ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia yashakanye byemewe n'amategeko na Habimana Phocas rufite inenge, haherewe ku mwirondoro w’urega, aho bavuga ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia atuye i Musanze kandi we ubwe n’Avoka we bemera ko atuye mu Bubiligi. Asanga ibyo bisobanura ko hari andi makuru atariyo bahaye urukiko kugira ngo abone urwo rubanza. [29] Me Safari Vianney uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali avuga ko nk’uko bagaragarije Urukiko Rukuru, basanga Nyirasafari Gaudentia adafite uburenganzira bwo kuregera umutungo wa Habimana Phocas, ko kuba yaragiye gushaka urubanza rusimbura inyandiko yo gushyingirwa ari ikimenyetso cy’uko yemera ko inyandiko zose yari afite zitari zihagije. Avuga kandi ko n’urwo rubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa yishingikirizagaho rutahabwa agaciro kuko rwamaze guteshwa agaciro n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze ku wa 03/06/2024. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [30] Ingingo ya 3, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko ikirego cyakirwa mu Rukiko iyo urega afite ububasha, inyungu n’ubushobozi byo kurega, keretse igihe itegeko ribiteganya ukundi. [31] Hashingiwe ku ngingo imaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ari ngombwa gusuzuma niba Nyirasafari Gaudentia afite ububasha bwo kuregera inkiko akurikirana umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas kuko ari imwe mu mpamvu zibanza gusuzumwa harebwa niba ikirego cyakirwa cyangwa nticyakirwe. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia nta bubasha yari afite bwo gutanga ikirego kiregera umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas, kuko nta kimenyetso agaragaza cyerekana ko bashyingiranwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [32] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ye, Nyirasafari Gaudentia avuga ko afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo akomora ku mugabo we Habimana Phocas, ibyo akabishingira ku bimenyetso binyuranye byavuzwe haruguru. [33] Ingingo ya 178 y’Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango iteganya ibi bikurikira: ishyingirwa rihamywa n’inyandiko y’ishyingirwa keretse igihe itegeko riteganya ubundi bwoko bw’ikimenyetso. Iyo inyandiko y’ishyingirwa idashoboye kuboneka ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose, ishobora gusimburwa n’urubanza ruciwe, bisabwe n’umuntu wese ubifitemo inyungu, mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha rw’aho atuye. Urukiko rushobora gukora iperereza igihe rubona ko ari ngombwa. [34] Ku bijyanye n’inyandiko zakorewe mu mahanga, ingingo ya 55 y’Itegeko No 13 bis/2014 ryo ku wa 21/05/2014 rigenga umurimo w’Ubunoteri, ivuga ko abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga bakeneye inyandiko zisaba umukono w’umunoteri babikorera imbere ya Ambasaderi cyangwa Umunyamabanga wa mbere muri Ambasade iyo Ambasaderi adahari. [35] Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo zimaze kuvugwa haruguru, rurasanga ikimenyetso cyemewe n’amategeko kigaragaza ko umuntu yashyingiranwe n’undi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko ari inyandiko y’ishyingirwa (acte de mariage), yaba idashoboye kuboneka ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose, igasimburwa n’urubanza ruciwe nk’uko byanatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00009/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 06/03/2020, aho rwavuze ko kuba umugore yanditse muri kopi y’ikarita ndangamuntu y’umugabo we nk’umugore we, icyemezo cyo kuba warashyingiwe

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(attestation de mariage) n’inyandiko zitandukanye zatanzwe n’inzego zinyuranye, bitafatwa nk’ikimenyetso cyemeza ko bashyingiranwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, kuko ishyingirwa ryemezwa gusa n’icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa (acte de mariage)7. [36] Mu bimenyetso Nyirasafari Gaudentia yashingiyeho muri uru rubanza avuga ko afite ububasha n’inyungu byo gukurikirana umutungo wari wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas, harimo urubanza RC00225/2023/TB/MUH rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza ku wa 11/05/2023, aho Nyirasafari Gaudentia yari yatanze ikirego asaba urubanza rusimbura icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa. Nyamara nk’uko byagaragajwe mu iburanisha ry’uru rubanza, urwo rubanza rwateshejwe agaciro n’urubanza RCA00211/2023/TGI/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze ku wa 03/06/2024, rukaba rero rutashingirwaho ngo hemezwe ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia yasezeranye na Habimana Phocas mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [37] Ku birebana n’icyemezo cyo kuba warashyingiwe (Attestation de mariage) cyerekana ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia yashyingiranwe na Habimana Phocas mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ku wa 19/03/1967 mu gihugu cy’Ububirigi, uretse ko iyo attestation ubwayo atari yo ihamya ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko abantu bashyingiranwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko nk’uko uru Rukiko rwabisobanuye mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00009/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 06/03/2020, nta n’ubwo yubahirije ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 55 y’Itegeko No 13bis/2014 ryo ku wa 21/05/2014 rigenga umurimo w’Ubunoteri kugira ngo ibashe guhabwa agaciro no gushingirwaho mu Rwanda. [38] Urukiko rurasanga n’izindi nyandiko Nyirasafari Gaudentia avuga, zirimo inyandiko z'umuryango Habimana Phocas akomokamo zemeza ko we na Nyirasafari Gaudentia bashakanye byemewe n’amategeko, inyandiko Ambasade y'u Rwanda yasinyeho n’ibaruwa Umujyi wa Kigali wandikiye Akarere ka Kicukiro, zemeza ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia ari umupfakazi kuri Habimana Phocas, cyangwa indangamuntu ya Habimana Phocas, nazo rutazishingiraho ngo rwemeze ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia yashyingiranwe na Habimana Phocas mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, kubera ko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ishyingirwa ryemezwa gusa n’icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa cyangwa urubanza rusimbura icyo cyemezo. [39] Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo z’amategeko no ku bisobanuro rwagaragaje haruguru, rusanga nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, bigaragara ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia nta bubasha yari afite bwo gutanga ikirego kiregera umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas, mu gihe nta kimenyetso gikurikije amategeko yerekana cyemeza ko bashyingiranwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. 2. Kumenya niba indishyi ababuranyi basaba muri uru rubanza bakwiye kuzihabwa [40] Me Niyitegeka Eraste uhagarariye Nyirasafari Gaudentia amusabira igihembo cy’Avoka kingana na 3.000.000Frw, mu nzego zose yaburaniyemo, ni ukuvuga mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, mu Rukiko Rukuru, mu Rukiko rw'Ubujurire no mu Rukiko rw'Ikirenga, ndetse agahabwa 1.000.000Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza. Anasaba ko izo ndishyi zatangwa n’Umujyi wa Kigali kuko ariwo watanze umutungo uburanwa mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. [41] Me Safali Vianney uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali avuga ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia nta ndishyi akwiye guhabwa kuko ari we wishoye mu manza zo kuregera umutungo adafite aho ahuriye nawo. Asaba ahubwo ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia yacibwa amafaranga y'Ikurikinanarubanza angana na 1.000.000 na 2.000.000 y’igihembo cy’Avoka. [42] Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent na Me Ssali Robert bahagarariye Rudasingwa James, bavuga ko bashingiye ku ngingo 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize

7Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00009/2019/SC rwaciwe kuwa 06/03/2020 haburana Mukankubito Daphrose na Nabimana Pierre.

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y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, no ku ngingo ya 25, igika cya 1, y’Amabwiriza n° 01/2014 y’Urugaga rw’Abavoka agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka, basaba Urukiko ko mu gihe rwazasanga ubujurire bwa Nyirasafari Gaudentia budafite ishingiro, rwazamutegeka guha Rudasingwa James indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza zingana na 3.000.000Frw n’igihembo cy’Avoka kingana na 5.000.000Frw ziyongera ku zari zagenwe mu nkiko zabanje. [43] Me Kabibi Speciose uhagarariye Leta y’u Rwanda (Komisiyo icunga imitungo idafite bene yo) na we asaba indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza zingana na 200.000 Frw, igihembo cy’Avoka kingana na 800.000 Frw, yose hamwe akaba 1.000.000Frw. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [44] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. [45] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi zisabwa na Me Niyitegeka Eraste mu izina rya Nyirasafari Gaudentia aburanira nta shingiro zifite kubera ko ntacyo atsindiye. Naho ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka asabwa na Rudasingwa James, Umujyi wa Kigali na Leta y’u Rwanda (Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo idafite bene yo ibarizwa muri Ministeri y’Ubutabera), Urukiko rurasanga bakwiye kuyahabwa kubera ko aribo batsinze urubanza. Ariko kuko ayo Rudasingwa James n’Umujyi wa Kigali basabye ari menshi kandi bakaba batayatangira ibimenyetso, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, buri wese agenewe 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka, yiyongera ku yagenwe n’inkiko zabanje. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [46] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyirasafari Gaudentia ku rubanza RADA00019/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/01/2022 yari yashyikirije Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. [47] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RADA00019/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/01/2022 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [48] Rutegetse Nyirasafari Gaudentia kwishyura Rudasingwa James, Umujyi wa Kigali na Leta y’u Rwanda (Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo idafite bene yo ibarizwa muri Ministeri y’Ubutabera), buri wese, 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka, yiyongera ku yagenwe n’inkiko zabanje.