RWIGEMA N’UNDI v I&M BANK LTD

RWIGEMA N’UNDI v I&M BANK LTD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2019-04-12 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00066/2018/CA ( - Collection: Court of Appeal

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RWIGEMA N’UNDI v I&M BANK LTD [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00066/2018/CA ( Ngagi, P.J., Kalimunda na Kanyange, J.) 12 Mata 2019] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’inkiko – Ububasha bw’urukiko rwoherejwemo urubanza – Urukiko urubanza rwoherejwemo ruba rugomba kuruburanisha no gusuzuma inzitizi zatuma rutakirwa, ariko ntirubitegetswe mu gihe rusanze nta bubasha rufite bushingiye ku kiburanwa. Itegeko Nº 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko, ingingo ya 158. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’amahugu n’ubucuruzi – Ibaruwa ishinganye nk’uburyo bwo kumenyekanisha urubanza – Kumenyekanisha urubanza hakoreshejwe inzira y’iposita nk’inyandiko ishinganye ku muburanyi udahari biba bigamije yuko umuburanyi amenye ko hari icyemezo urukiko rwafashe kimureba, kugira ngo abe yashobora kugira icyo agikoraho, harimo kuba yakwiyambaza inzira z’ubujurire. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’amahugu n’ubucuruzi – Kumenyesha urubanza – Imenyeshwa ry’urubanza rikorwa mu buryo bumwe n’ubwakoreshejwe umuburanyi atumizwa kuburana iyo nta bundi buryo bwateganyijwe n’Itegeko cyangwa urubanza – Iyo umuburanyi atumijwe kuburana hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’iposita, ntibyafatwa ko yamenyeshejwe urubanza mu buryo budakurikije amategeko mu gihe iryo menyekanisha ryarashinganishijwe mu iposita, cyane cyane ko ikiba kigamijwe ari uko iryo menyesha rigera

ku muburanyi. Incamake y’ikibazo : Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Kigali rwategetse Rwigema Pierre Célestin n’umugore we Mukabayire Drocella bari bafitiye BCR ariyo IMBANK ubu umwenda gufatanya kuwishyura, ntibabyishimiye maze bajurira mu Rukiko rukuru, uru rukiko narwo rusanga nta bubasha rwohereza uru rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. Kubera ko abaregwa bari mu mahanga, urubanza rwabo rujuririrwa rwamenyeshejwe hakoreshejwe ibaruwa ishinganye mu iposita, nyuma yaho, IMBANK yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Rwigema ivuga ko bwatanzwe impitagihe. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko ubujurire butakiriwe. Rwigema yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko yamenyeshejwe imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe adahari binyujijwe ku gasanduku k’iposita yahaye Banki, kandi ubwo buryo butari buteganyijwe itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’amahugu n’ubucuruzi ryakurikizwaga icyo gihe, ko kandi ako gasanduku k’iposita atari we wagahaye Banki, avuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwari rwohererejwe urubanza n’Urukiko Rukuru, rutagombaga gusuzuma iby’ibihe byo kujurira. Ivugurura ry’amategeko ryabaye ubujurire bwimurirwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Muri uru rukiko, Rwigema avuga ko yajuririye kuko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe butagomba kwakirwa kandi rwari rufite ububasha kuko rwari rwoherejwe n’urukiko rukuru, avuga kandi ko yamenyeshejwe urubanza binyujijwe ku gasanduku k’iposita, nyamara ubwo buryo butari bwemewe n’amategeko.

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Asobanura ko itegeko itateganyaga ko umuburanyi waciriwe urubanza adahari ashobora kurumenyeshwa hakoreshejwe iposita, ahubwo yateganyaga ko arumenyeshwa hakoreshejwe urwandiko rw’imenyesha ahabwa ubwe cyangwa rushyizwe iwe, cyangwa iryo menyesha rikamanikwa ku rukiko. Uburanira IMBANK asobanura ko inyandiko imenyesha (exploit de notification du jugement), Banki isanga nta bundi buryo ifite bwo kumenyesha Rwigema, ibikora yifashishije ‘’adresse’’ iri mu nyandiko y’amasezerano y’inguzanyo kuko niba yaremeye ayo masezerano akanayasinya, akandika ko yayasomye akanayemera (lu et approuvé), bivuze ko yanemeye ‘’adresse postale’’ iriho. Byongeye kandi, mu gutanga inyandiko imenyesha (exploit de notification), Umuhesha w’inkiko yakoresheje ibaruwa ishinganye mu iposita, ikaba itari kuyakira iyo iza kubona ko atari iya Rwigema . Akomeza avuga ko uko umuburanyi amenyeshwa ihamagara ari nako amenyeshwa imikirize y’urubanza iyo amategeko atabisobanuye neza. I&M Bank Ltd ikaba isaba kuyahabwa amafaranga Rwigema yayisigayemo n’inyungu zayo zibariwe kuri 19% ku mwaka kuva urubanza ruciwe kugeza yishyuye, ikanahabwa amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza angana na 10% y’amafaranga yose Rwigema abereyemo Banki. Rwigema avuga ko ibisabwa na I&M Bank Ltd nta shingiro bifite kuko itandukira ikajya mu mizi y’urubanza itarigeze iburanwaho mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ko ahubwo hagomba gusuzumwa niba ubujurire bwaragombaga kwakirwa. Incamake y’icyemezo : 1. Urukiko urubanza rwoherejwemo ruba rugomba kuruburanisha no gusuzuma inzitizi zatuma rutakirwa, ariko ko rutabitegetswe mu gihe rusanze nta bubasha rufite bushingiye ku kiburanwa.

2. Imenyeshwa ry’urubanza rikorwa mu buryo bumwe n’ubwakoreshejwe umuburanyi atumizwa kuburana iyo nta bundi buryo bwateganyijwe n’Itegeko cyangwa urubanza. Iyo umuburanyi atumijwe kuburana hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’iposita, ntibyafatwa ko yamenyeshejwe urubanza mu buryo budakurikije amategeko mu gihe iryo menyekanisha ryarashinganishijwe mu iposita, cyane cyane ko ikiba kigamijwe ari uko iryo menyesha rigera ku muburanyi. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite; Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko, ingingo ya 158, Itegeko ryo ku wa 15/07/1964 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’amahugu n’ubucuruzi, ingingo ya 225 . Nta manaza zifashishijwe:

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Urubanza

I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku rundi rubanza rufite RC 34.029/000 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Kigali ku wa 13/03/2001, rwaburanishijwe Rwigema Pierre Célestin n’umugore we Mukabayire Drocella batitabye (par défaut), Urukiko rubategeka gufatanya kwishyura BCR umwenda ungana na 87.150.037 Frw, runategeka ko urubanza rurangizwa by’agateganyo. Rwigema Pierre Célestin yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru ku wa 22/01/2015, urwo Rukiko rusanga ubwo bujurire butari mu bubasha bwarwo, rubwohereza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [2] I&M Bank Ltd (yahoze yitwa BCR) yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa RWIGEMA Pierre Célestin bitewe nuko bwatanzwe impitagihe, kuko urubanza RC 34.029/000 ajuririra yarumenyeshejwe ku wa 30/05/2001 hakoreshejwe ibaruwa ishinganye mu iposita, ku gasanduka k’iposita 913 Kigali yari yarahaye BCR hasinywa amasezerano y’inguzanyo, isaba kuzashingira ku ngingo za 15, 116 na 225 z’Itegeko ryo ku wa 15/07/1964 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’amahugu n’ubucuruzi ryakurikizwaga icyo gihe, rukemeza ko inzitizi ifite ishingiro. RWIGEMA Pierre Célestin we yaburanye avuga ko hashingirwa ku imenyesha ry’urubanza yakorewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 22/12/2014. [3] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza RCOMA 00576/2017/CHC/HCC ku wa 23/03/2018, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Rwigema Pierre Célestin butakiriwe,

ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [4] Rwigema Pierre Célestin yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko yamenyeshejwe imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe adahari binyujijwe ku gasanduku k’iposita yahaye Banki, kandi ubwo buryo butari buteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 225 y’Itegeko ryo ku wa 15/07/1964 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’amahugu n’ubucuruzi ryakurikizwaga icyo gihe, ko kandi ako gasanduku k’iposita atari we wagahaye Banki. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwari rwohererejwe urubanza n’Urukiko Rukuru, rutagombaga gusuzuma iby’ibihe byo kujurira. [5] I&M Bank Ltd yo ivuga ko uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu kumenyesha urubanza Rwigema Pierre Célestin buhuye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo za 15, 16, 225 na 345 z’Itegeko ryo ku wa 15/07/1964 ryavuzwe haruguru, hamwe n’ibyanditswe n’umuhanga mu by’amategeko Gasasira Ephrem. Ivuga kandi ko nta cyari kubuza Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwaratanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, kuko iyo nzitizi yari yayitanze mu Rukiko Rukuru ariko ntiyasuzumwa kuko rwasanze rudafite ububasha. [6] Ivugurura ry’amategeko ryabaye ubwo bujurire budasuzumwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, bwimurirwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 105 y’Itegeko rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 11/02/2019, Rwigema Pierre Célestin ahagarariwe na Me Rwigema Vincent, I&M Bank Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Batware Jean Claude

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II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa RWIGEMA Pierre Célestin bwaragombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi [7] Uburanira Rwigema Pierre Célestin avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe butagomba kwakirwa mu gihe nyamara urwo rubanza rwari rwoherejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, bivuze ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwari rufite inshingano yo kuruburanisha, keretse iyo ruza kuba rudafite ububasha nk’uko byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 158 y’Itegeko Nº 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko ryakurikizwaga ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwacaga urubanza rujuririrwa. [8] Ku birebana n’imenyesha ry’urubanza rwari rwajuririwe, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko Rwigema Pierre Célestin yarumenyeshejwe ku wa 01/06/2001 binyujijwe ku gasanduku k’iposita, nyamara ubwo buryo butari bwemewe n’amategeko kuko atigeze akora ‘’élection de domicile’’ kuri ako gasanduku, cyane cyane ko atari nawe wagahaye Banki ahubwo ari yo yagakoresheje mu ibaruwa yamwandikiye imwemerera inguzanyo. [9] Asobanura ko ingingo ya 225 y’Itegeko ryo ku wa 15/07/1964 ryavuzwe haruguru, itateganyaga ko umuburanyi waciriwe urubanza adahari ashobora kurumenyeshwa hakoreshejwe iposita, ahubwo yateganyaga ko arumenyeshwa hakoreshejwe urwandiko rw’imenyesha ahabwa ubwe cyangwa rushyizwe iwe, cyangwa iryo menyesha

rikamanikwa ku rukiko, ko asanga Urukiko rwaritiranyije kumenyesha ihamagara no kumenyesha imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe umuburanyi adahari. Asanga hashingiwe ku buryo bwateganyijwe n’ingingo ya 225 imaze kuvugwa, Rwigema Pierre Célestin yarashoboraga kumenyeshwa ubwe imikirize y’urubanza, kuko aho yarari hari hazwi bitewe nuko yavugaga ku ma radiyo, bitaba ibyo akamenyeshwa aho yari atuye mu Rwanda kuko hari hazwi ; ko kandi nubwo byafatwa ko Banki itashoboye kumubona kuko atari mu gihugu, yagombaga kumenyeshwa nk’umuntu utazwi aho abarizwa (affichage) cyangwa inyandiko imenyesha ikajyanwa aho avuka mu Karere ka Ruhango. [10] Asanga kandi nta nshingano Rwigema Pierre Célestin yari afite yo kumenyesha Banki ‘’adresse’’ nshya kuko ikibazo kiri mu rubanza atari icyo kumenyesha umwenda ahubwo ari icyo kumenyesha imikirize y’urubanza. [11] Ku birebana n’inyandiko imenyesha (exploit de notification du jugement) yo ku wa 30/05/2001, ayinenga kuba atari umwimerere, naho iyo ku wa 20/06/2001 (exploit de notification et commandement préalable à la saisie immobilière) ikaba yaragombaga kumanikwa nk’uko ingingo ya 345 y’Itegeko ryo ku wa 15/07/1964 ryavuzwe haruguru yabiteganyaga, usibye ko nubwo yaba yaramanitswe, bitaherwaho hemezwa ko Rwigema Pierre Célestin yamenyeshejwe urubanza mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, kuko iyo ngingo ya 345 itagomba kwitiranywa n’iya 225. Avuga kandi ko

Urukiko rutagombaga gushingira ku nyandiko y’umuhanga mu by’amategako (Gasarira Ephrem) kuko ingingo ya 225 yateganyije uburyo imenyakanisha ry’urubanza rikorwa. [12] Uburanira I&M Bank Ltd avuga ko nta cyabuzaga Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwarakozwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, cyane cyane ko Banki ariyo yagaragarije Urukiko Rukuru icyo kibazo cy’ibihe byo kujurira ariko ntirwagisuzuma kuko rwasanze rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza rw’ubucuruzi.

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[13] u birebana n’uburyo imenyesha ry’urubanza ryakozwe, asobanura ko inyandiko imenyesha (exploit de notification du jugement) yakozwe ku wa 31/05/2001, Banki isanga nta bundi buryo ifite bwo kumenyesha Rwigema Pierre Célestin, ibikora yifashishije ‘’adresse’’ iri mu nyandiko y’amasezerano y’inguzanyo kuko niba yaremeye ayo masezerano akanayasinya, akandika ko yayasomye akanayemera (lu et approuvé), bivuze ko yanemeye ‘’adresse postale’’ iriho. Byongeye kandi, mu gutanga inyandiko imenyesha (exploit de notification), Umuhesha w’inkiko yakoresheje ibaruwa ishinganye mu iposita, ikaba itari kuyakira iyo iza kubona ko atari iya Rwigema Pierre Célestin. [14] Akomeza avuga ko Banki yanarebye amasezerano ikorana n’aba ‘’clients’’, isanga muri ‘’Règlement Général des Opérations, édition 1996’’, hateganyijwe ko iyo umu kiliya (client) ahinduye ‘’adresse’’, agomba kubimenyesha Banki agatanga ‘’adresse’’ nshya, atabikora bigafatwa ko ‘’adresse’’ yatanze mbere ariyo ikomeza gufatwa ko ariyo ye, kandi ko RWIGEMA Pierre Célestin yahawe agatabo gakubiyemo ayo mabwiriza. Akomeza avuga ko ingingo za 15, 16, 225 na 345 z’Itegeko ryo ku wa 15/07/1964 ryavuzwe haruguru zemeraga ko inyandiko imenyesha umuburanyi ishobora gutangwa kuri ‘’adresse postale’’. [15] Avuga kandi ko usibye inyandiko imenyesha (exploit de notification), hari na ‘’commandement préalable à la saisie’’ yoherejwe ku gasanduku

k’iposita 913, iranamanikwa (affichage) nk’uko byateganywaga n’amategeko. Nanone kandi, hari icyemezo cyo guteza cyamunara cyatanzwe na Perezida w’Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Kigali, wabanje gusuzuma niba ibiteganywa n’amategeko byarubahirijwe kugira ngo hatazahabo ‘’insécurité juridique’’. Asanga ibivugwa n’uburanira Rwigema Pierre Célestin ko Banki yari kumenya ko yahunze kuko byanyuze ku ma radiyo, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko amatangazo ya cyamunara y’inzu ye nayo yanyuze kuri radiyo, akaba nawe yagombye kuba yarayumvise. [16] Asobanura kandi ko umuhanga mu mategeko Gasasira Ephrem, nawe avuga ko uko umuburanyi amenyeshwa ihamagara ari nako amenyeshwa imikirize y’urubanza iyo amategeko atabisobanuye neza, ko Urukiko rwagombye gusuzuma ibihe igihugu cyarimo, aho amategeko menshi yari yaravuguruwe, rukanashingira ku kuba Rwigema Pierre Célestin nawe yaratumijwe kuburana urubanza yajuririye hakoreshejwe iposita.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Ku byerekeranye nuko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga gusuzuma ibirebana n’ibihe byo kujurira, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko kuba ingingo ya 158 y’Itegeko Nº 51/2008 ryo ku wa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko ryakurikizwaga ubwo urubanza rujuririrwa rwacibwaga1, ivuga ko urukiko rwoherejwemo urubanza rudashobora kwanga ikirego kirwimuriwemo, uretse ko rwagira icyo rwemeza ku bubasha bwarwo bushingiye ku kiburanwa2, ibyo bidasobanura ko nta kindi urwo rukiko rusuzuma, ahubwo bishatse kuvuga ko mu bisanzwe urukiko urubanza rwoherejwemo, ruba

1 Iyi ngingo ihura n’iya 104, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko.

2 Mu gifaransa iyo ngingo ivuga ko ‘’ La juridiction de renvoi lie la jurisdiction à laquelle la demande est renvoyée, sous réserve, pour cette juridiction, de se prononcer sur sa compétence matérielle’’.

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rugomba kuruburanisha, ariko ko rutabitegetswe mu gihe rusanze nta bubasha rufite bushingiye ku kiburanwa. [18] Urukiko rurasanga rero, ibivugwa muri iyo ngingo, bitagamije kubuza urukiko urubanza rwoherejwemo kuba rwasuzuma izindi nzitizi zatuma urubanza rutakirwa, cyane cyane ko ku birebana n’uru rubanza, ikibazo cy’ubukererwe bw’ubujurire bwa Rwigema Pierre Célestin, cyatanzwe n’uburanira I&M Bank Ltd mu Rukiko Rukuru, ariko nticyasuzumwa kuko urwo Rukiko rwasanze rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza rw’ubucuruzi, bivuze rero ko nta cyari kubuza Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi gusuzuma niba ubujurire rwari rwohererejwe bwaratanzwe mu gihe amategeko ateganya. [19] Ku birebana n’ibihe byo kujurira ku rubanza rwaciwe umuburanyi adahari, ingingo ya 225 y’Itegeko ryo ku wa 15/07/1964 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’amahugu n’ubucuruzi ryakurikizwaga ubwo Rwigema Pierre Célestin yamenyeshwaga urubanza, ivuga ko ibyo bihe bibarwa guhera igihe umuburanyi yarumenyeshejwe ubwe, cyangwa aho abarizwa cyangwa se hagakorwa imanikwa ryaryo (ce délai court pour les jugements rendus par défaut, du jour de leur signification à personne, à residence ou par affichage). Bigaragara ko iyi ngingo, iri mu mutwe urebana n’inzira z’ubujurire (voies de recours), ivuga igihe ibihe by’ubujurire bitangira kubarwa ku rubanza rwaciwe umuburanyi adahari, bikaba bitafatwa ko ariyo iteganya uburyo

imenyasha ry’urubanza rigomba gukorwamo byanze bikunze. [20] Ku birebana n’imenyesha ry’urubanza, Urukiko rurasanga ikiba kigamijwe ari ukugira ngo umuburanyi amenye ko hari icyemezo urukiko rwafashe kimureba, kugira ngo abe yashobora kugira icyo agikoraho, harimo kuba yakwiyambaza inzira z’ubujurire. Usibye kandi iryo menyesha ry’urubanza, Itegeko ryanateganyije uburyo umuburanyi amenyeshwa izindi nyandiko z’urukiko, harimo n’izimutumira kuburana, ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko ryo ku wa 15/07/1964 ikaba iteganya ko iryo menyasha rishobora kunyuzwa mu iposita. [21] Ku birebana na Rwigema Pierre Célestin, dosiye igaragaza ko yatumijwe kuburana urubanza RC 34.029/000 yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, hakoreshejwe inzira y’iposita ku gasanduku 913, iyo nzira y’iposita ikaba ari nayo yakoreshejwe mu kumumenyesha urwo rubanza. [22] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Rwigema Pierre Célestin adahakana ko atari mu gihugu ubwo urubanza yajuririye rwacibwaga, bivuze ko atashoboraga kumenyeshwa ubwe cyangwa aho abarizwa, cyangwa se ngo yisomere ubwe imenyekanisha rikoreshejwe uburyo bwo kumanika nk’uko ingingo ya 225 y’Itegeko ryo ku wa 15/07/1964 yabiteganyaga, ntacyari kubuza rero ko amenyeshwa binyuze mu iposita kuko ari nayo yakoreshejwe atumizwa kuburana, cyane cyane ko uburyo bwakoreshejwe bwo gushinganisha inyandiko y’imenyesha mu iposita bwizewe kurusha ubwari busigaye buvugwa mu ngingo ya 225, kandi

ikiba kigamijwe akaba ari uko iryo menyesha rigera ku muburanyi, bityo Rwigema Pierre Célestin akaba atakwitsitsa ku imenyekanisha rikoreshejwe uburyo bwo kumanika icyemezo (affichage) mu gihe adahakana ko ibyashyizwe ku gasanduku ke k’iposita byamugezeho. [23] Ikindi kigaragaza ko uburyo buvugwa mu ngingo ya 225 y’Itegeko ryo ku wa 15/07/1964 ryavuzwe haruguru atari bwo byonyine bwashoboraga gukoreshwa, ni ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 236 y’iryo tegeko, ku birebana n’igihe cyo gusubirishamo urubanza rwaciwe umuburanyi adahari, aho ivuga ko bikorwa mu gihe cy’iminsi 15 ikurikira iyo yarumenyesherejwe (à personne) cyangwa

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ikurikira igihe yamenyeye iryo menyesha, cyangwa se ikurikira igikorwa cya mbere yamenye kirangiza urubanza, ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko ku birebana n’urubanza rwaciwe umuburanyi adahari, nta buryo bwarondowe ko aribwo bwonyine bugomba gukoreshwa (de façon limitative) ku birebana n’imenyesha ryarwo, kuko bitakumvikana uburyo imenyesha ryatandukana bitewe nuko umuburanyi ahisemo inzira y’ubujurire (ingingo ya 225) cyangwa inzira yo kurusubirishamo (ingingo ya 236). [24] Urukiko rurasanga rero ibisobanuwe haruguru bigaragaza ko nta buryo Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru ryashyizeho bugomba gukurikizwa byanze bikunze mu kumenyesha umuburanyi urubanza, nk’uko ryabiteganyije mu buryo burambuye ku birebana n’imenyesha ry’inyandiko ihamagara umuburanyi kuburana, mu mutwe wiswe ‘’De l’assignation et de la notification’’, kuva ku ngingo ya 9 kugeza ku ngingo ya 16, bityo nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabisobanuye, hakaba hakwifashishwa ibyanditswe n’umuhanga mu mategeko Gasasira Ephrem, aho yasobanuye ko imenyeshwa ry’urubanza rikorwa mu buryo bumwe n’ubwakoreshejwe umuburanyi atumizwa kuburana iyo nta bundi buryo bwateganyijwe n’Itegeko cyangwa urubanza3, bivuze ko kuba urubanza Rwigema Pierre Célestin yajuririye, yararutumijwemo kuburana hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’iposita, nta mpamvu bitafatwa ko yamenyeshejwe urwo rubanza yajuririye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kandi iryo menyekanisha

ryarashinganishijwe mu iposita, cyane cyane ko nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru, ikiba kigamijwe ari uko iryo menyesha rigera ku muburanyi. [25] Ku kibazo cy’uko Rwigema Pierre Célestin atari we wahaye Banki agasanduku k’iposita inyandiko imumenyesha urubanza yanyujijwemo, Urukiko rusasanga nta shingiro bifite kuko nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabisobanuye, ako gasanduku k’iposita kari ku masezerano y’inguzanyo Rwigema Pierre Célestin yasinyiye amaze kwemeza ko yasomye kandi yemera ibikubiyemo (Lu et approuvé), akaba kandi atagaragaza ko Iposita yaba yaremeje ko ako gasanduku atari we wagakoreshaga. [26] Ku kibazo cy’uko inyandiko imenyesha urubanza atari umwimerere, Urukiko rurasanga mu gihe iyo nyandiko yashinganishijwe mu Iposita kugira ngo ishyikirizwe Rwigema Pierre Célestin, byumvikana ko umwimerere wayo ariwo wahawe Iposita, cyane cyane ko kopi Banki yasigaranye iriho kashi (cachet) n’umukono by’umuhesha w’inkiko wakoze iryo menyekanisha.

[27] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe byose, Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Rwigema Pierre Célestin bugamije kugaragaza ko yajuriye mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, nta shingiro bufite, bityo nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe butakiriwe.

2. Kumenya niba I&M Bank Ltd yagenerwa amafaranga isaba [28] Uburanira I&M Bank Ltd avuga ko Rwigema Pierre Célestin akomeje kuyirega kandi azi ko atubahirije ibihe byo kujurira, anazi ko urubanza ajuririra rwarangijwe, kuko inzu ye yagurishijwe muri cyamunara, ku mafaranga Banki yatsindiye yishyurwa 62.360.994 Frw,

3 La signification du jugement se fait de la même manière que celle de l’assignation qui invitait la partie à comparaȋtre lorsqu’aucun autre mode n’est édicté par la loi ou le jugement ( Gasasira Ephrem, Procédule civile et commerciale, 1993, p.170.)

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hasigara 24.789.043 Frw, ikaba isaba kuyahabwa n’inyungu zayo zibariwe kuri 19% ku mwaka kuva urubanza ruciwe kugeza yishyuye, ikanahabwa amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza angana na 10% y’amafaranga yose Rwigema Pierre Célestin abereyemo Banki. [29] Avuga ko mu gihe Urukiko rwasanga ubujurire bwa Rwigema Pierre Célestin butagomba kwakirwa ntirusuzume ikibazo cya 24.789.043 Frw asigayemo, I&M Bank Ltd yagenerwa mu bujurire bwa mbere 1.000.000 Frw y’indishyi, 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, TVA (18%) ingana na 90.000 Frw hamwe na 100.000 Frw y’ingendo, hamwe n’angana atyo mu bujurire bwa kabiri, yose hamwe akaba 2.380.000 Frw. [30] Uburanira Rwigema Pierre Célestin avuga ko ibisabwa na I&M Bank Ltd nta shingiro bifite kuko itandukira ikajya mu mizi y’urubanza itarigeze iburanwaho mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ko ahubwo hagomba gusuzumwa niba ubujurire bwaragombaga kwakirwa, rwabyemeza rugatesha agaciro icyemezo cyajuririwe maze urubanza rukoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kugira ngo ruruburanishe, ari nabwo I&M Bank Ltd yagira uburenganzira bwo gutanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [31] Urukiko rurasanga ikibazo cy’amafaranga I&M Bank Ltd ivuga ko Rwigema Pierre Célestin akiyibereyemo, inyungu zayo hamwe n’indishyi, kirebana n’urubanza mu mizi, kikaba kitasuzumwa muri uru rubanza rurebana n’iyakirwa ry’ubujurire. [32] Urukiko rurasanga ariko ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, I&M Bank Ltd ikwiye kuyagenerwa kuko yagize ibyo itanga ikurikirana uru rubanza harimo no guhemba Avoka wayiburaniye, ariko ikaba yagenerwa ayo kuri uru rwego angana na 600.000 Frw agizwe na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza nk’uko yayasabye kandi akaba ari mu rugero rukwiye hashingiwe ku byakozwe muri uru rubanza, ikaba itagenerwa ayo ku rwego rwa mbere kuko ntacyari kubuza ko iyasaba kuri urwo rwego, ikayagenerwa cyangwa ntiyagenerwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [33] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Rwigema Pierre Célestin nta shingiro bufite; [34] Rumutegetse kwishyura I&M Bank Ltd 600.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego; [35] Ruvuze ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse; [36] Rwemeje ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama Rwigema Pierre Célestin yatanze ahwanye n’ibyakozwe ku rubanza.

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1. Kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko Kabandana Venant abereyemo Bank of Kigali Ltd umwenda atishyuye