UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIRAGABA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIRAGABA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-12 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00100/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

Text

Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIRAGABA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00100/2023/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 12 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Imirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko byavuyeho, ntishobora kongera gukurikizwa. Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanyirizwa igihano nk’impamvu y’ubujurire – Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano . Incamake y’ikibazo: Maniragaba n’umugore we Mukandamutsa bafatanywe urumogi mu rugo rwabo, Ubushinjacyaha bubakurikiranaho icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge, ndetse bubabaregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu busaba ko bahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 30 000 000 Frw. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Maniragaba na Mukandamutsa bahamwa n’icyaha, rubahanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu kuri Mukandamutsa n’ihazabu ya 25 000 000 Frw, n’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 kuri Maniragaba ndetse

n’ihazabu ya 21 000 000 Frw kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha. Maniragaba yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ibyo yahawe ari birebire kandi atararuhije ubutabera. Urwo Rukiko ruca urubanza rwemeza ko adakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa, ruhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Maniragaba yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Inkiko zibanza zamugabanyirije ibihano zishingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ariko ziyibagiza ko zashoboraga kumugabanyiriza ibihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko agahanishwa imyaka 5. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko igabanyagihano Maniragaba alias Félicien asaba nta shingiro ryahabwa kuko Urukiko rudashobora gushingira ku murongo washingiye ku ngingo y’amategeko yamaze guhindurwa. Buvuga ko ntacyabuza ushinjwa kugabanyirizwa igihano kikava ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000Frw, kikajya ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Imirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko byavuyeho, ntishobora kongera gukurikizwa.

Page 2

2. Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze ruhindutse ku bijyanye gusa n’igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00367/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023. RPAA 00048/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Bimenyimana Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa

04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 19/08/2021, abashinzwe umutekano bafatanye Maniragaba alias Félicien n’umugore we Mukandamutsa Redempta udupfunyika 3.000 tw’urumogi rwari ku buriri mu rugo rwabo. Ubushinjacyaha bwabaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu bubakurikiranyeho ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko bahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000) [2] Maniragaba alias Félicien yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko urumogi bafatanwe ari urwe wenyine, ko yaruranguye k’uwitwa Nzayituriki Emmanuel ngo ajye kurucuruza. Mukandamutsa Redempta yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko urwo rumogi rwaranguwe n’umugabo we adahari, aje ararumusangana kandi barabitonganira, bityo ko yagirwa umwere kuko ntaho ahuriye n’icyaha ashinjwa. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00571/2021/TGI/RBV rwaciwe ku wa 07/09/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Maniragaba alias Félicien yemera icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja we n’umugore we Mukandamutsa Redempta, raporo

Page 3

y’abashinzwe umutekano babafashe, rwemeje ko Mukandamutsa Redempta na Maniragaba alias Félicien bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ruhanisha Mukandamutsa Redempta igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000Frw, ruhanisha Maniragaba alias Félicien igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000Frw, ruvuga ko rumugabanyirije kuko yemeye icyaha , rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa urubanza rumaze kuba ndakuka. [4] Maniragaba alias Félicien yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko, asaba kwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ibyo yahanishijwe ari birebire cyane kandi atararuhije ubutabera. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Maniragaba alias Félicien nta shingiro zahabwa kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije kiva kuri burundu kigera ku myaka 25 kuko yemeye icyaha bityo adakwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00777/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2022, Urukiko Rukuru nyuma yo gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire za Maniragaba alias Félicien, rwasanze mu rubanza ajuririra yaragabanyirijwe igihano ahabwa igito, rwemeza ko adakwiriye kwongera kugabanyirizwa na cyane ko atari ubwa mbere akoze icyo cyaha bityo agomba kugihanirwa by’intangarugero. Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igumyeho, ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000Frw Maniragaba

alias Félicien yahawe kigumyeho. [6] Maniragaba alias Félicien yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA 00100/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 3/12/2024 yunganiwe na Me Badiga Mbonimpa Oscar naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire, Maniragaba alias Félicien avuga ko Inkiko zibanza zamugabanyirije ibihano zishingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ariko ziyibagiza ko zashoboraga kumugabanyiriza ibihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko agahanishwa imyaka 5. [8] Me Badiga Mbonimpa Oscar umwunganira, avuga ko hashingiwe ku miterere ye y’ubumuga no ku bana basigaye bonyine, kuko n’umugore afunze, ndetse no ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi n’igice. [9] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Maniragaba alias Félicien zifite ishingiro gusa ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano, busaba ko yakigabanyirizwa kikava ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000Frw, kikajya ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw nkuko amategeko abiteganya. [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma ubusabe bwa Maniragaba alias Félicien bwo kugabanyirizwa igihano.

II. ISESENGURWA RY’ URUBANZA

Page 4

Kumenya niba Maniragaba alias Félicien yakwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [11] Maniragaba alias Félicien yunganiwe na Me Badiga Mbonimpa Oscar yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’ imyaka 5 hashingiwe ku kuba aburana yemera icyaha, kuba afite ubumuga bw’amaguru kandi afite n’imfubyi agomba kujya kwitaho kuko n’umugore we yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu. Me Badiga Mbonimpa Oscar umwunganira avuga ko, nta cyabuza ko agabanyirizwa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko hashingiwe ku mirongo itandukanye yatanzwe n’uru Rukiko harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00246/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/10/2023 aho Abacu Ismaël nawe wafatanywe udupfunyika 127 tw’urumogi agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 6 n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000Frw, bityo iki kikaba aricyo gihano cyagenerwa Maniragaba alias Félicien mu rwego rwo kureshyeshya ababuranyi imbere y’amategeko. [12] Akomeza avuga ko, nubwo iyo mirongo yashyizweho mu gihe hakurikizwaga ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kuri ubu yahinduwe, nyamara ko impamvu zatumye Urukiko rutekereza kugabanyiriza ibihano abemera icyaha, n’uyu munsi zigifite ishingiro, izo mpamvu zikaba aruko guhana bigamije kugorora no guha icyaha amahirwe yo gusubira mu buzima busanzwe agifite imbaraga zo kwiteza imbere n’igihugu cye. [13] Me Badiga M.Oscar asaba Urukiko gushyira mu gaciro rukareba ubumuga

Maniragaba afite (yamugaye amaguru yombi) no kuba abana bari bonyine, bityo rukamugabanyiriza igihano, ko ibyo byaba bihuje n’intego yo kugorora. [14] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko igabanyagihano Maniragaba alias Félicien asaba nta shingiro ryahabwa kuko Urukiko rudashobora gushingira ku murongo washingiye ku ngingo y’amategeko yamaze guhindurwa, ko mu gihe haba hari impamvu zatuma imihanire ijya munsi y’igihano cyategetswe ku buryo bunyuranye n’ubwateganyijwe mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ubifitemo inyungu yaregera Urukiko rufite ububasha bwo gusobanura amategeko. Buvuga ko ntacyabuza ushinjwa kugabanyirizwa igihano kikava ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000Frw, kikajya ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Maniragaba alias Félicien yagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko, hashingiwe ku manza zaciwe mbere yuko ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ihinduka, no kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku kuba afite ubumuga, kuba abana be bakeneye ubitaho no kuba yaremeye icyaha kuva agifatwa. A. Kumenya niba Maniragaba yagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igiteganywa n’itegeko

Page 5

[16] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku mirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo yahinduwe n’iya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023, uru Rukiko rwabifasheho umwanzuro mu rubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, aho rwemeje ko imirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko byavuyeho, idashobora gukurikizwa. Urukiko rwafashe uyu murongo rwishingikirije ku rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. [17] Urukiko rurasanga, rudashobora guhanisha Maniragaba alias Félicien ibihano byagenewe Abacu Ismael kabone nubwo nawe yaburanye yemera icyaha, kubera ko uyu yagabanyirijwe ibihano hakurikijwe ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryavuzwe, iyi ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’iya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, aho mu gace ka (a) ivuga ko, mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uwagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, naho mu gace ka (d), ikavuga ko ihazabu ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya iteganyirizwa icyaha cyahamye umuburanyi. Rurasanga, umuntu wese wasanga hari ubundi buryo iyi ngingo y’Itegeko yakumvikana ku bijyanye n’igabanyagaihano, yabiregera Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha.

B. Ku birebana n’ingano y’igihano [18] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano2. [19] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda cyanga gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga atari munsi ya 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000.

1 Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo.

2 Urubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254.

Page 6

[20] Ingingo ya 2 y’ itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko : “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: … (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 , (…) naho igihano cy’ihazabu kikaba gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri 1/4 cyayo“. [21] Ku birebana na Maniragaba alias Félicien, Urukiko rurasanga uyu yarahisemo kwemera icyaha kuva agifatwa, Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwarabihereyeho rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 mu mwanya w’igifungo cya burundu. Rurasanga nyamara, ntacyari kubuza Urukiko kumugabanyiriza biruseho, kuko uwemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, aba ari mu nzira nziza yo kugororwa. Rurasanga nanone, kuva aho Maniragaba ajuririye, harasohotse ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko, mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, umucamanza ashobora kugabanyiriza igihano ushinjwa icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15, bityo Maniragaba akaba akwiye kwungukira ku biteganywa n’iyi ngingo ariko hatirengagijwe ingano nini cyane y’ibiyobyabwenge (3000 boules) yafatanwe. [22] Urukiko, rushingiye ku isesengura rivuzwe haruguru, rurasanga kuba Maniragaba alias Félicien akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw).

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 0077/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 20/12/2022, ihindutse ku bijyanye n’igihano gusa. [24] Rwemeje ko Maniragaba alias Félicien ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [25] Rutegetse ko Maniragaba alias Félicien asonerwa gutanga amagarama y'urubanza kubera ko aburana afunzwe.