TWAGIRAMUNGU v SEBISHYIMBO

# TWAGIRAMUNGU v SEBISHYIMBO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-06-15 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/HC/MUS - Collection: High Court

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TWAGIRAMUNGU v SEBISHYIMBO [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU URUGEREKO RWA MUSANZE – RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/HC/MUS (Mukamuhire, P.J; Gasore na Rutikanga, J.) 15 Kamena 2023] Itegeko rigenga amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubugure – Ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa – ku bijyanye n’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa, kwemeranya kw’abagiranye amasezerano ku kintu no ku kiguzi ubwabyo ntibihagije ahubwo hari n’ibindi bigomba kubahirizwa nko kuba mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano no kuyashyiraho umukono bigomba gukorerwa imbere y’umukozi ubifitiye ububasha. Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano – kurangiza urubanza – imihango ibanziriza cyamunara – ifatira – Iyo umutungo utimukanwa washyizweho itambama bihwanye nuko wafatiriwe mu nzira yo kuwuteza cyamunara. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Baranyeretse arega umuhesha w’Inkiko w’umwuga Twagiramungu mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gisenyi asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo witwa uwa Sebishyimbo kubera amasezerano y’inguzanyo yarafitanye na Banki y’abaturage nyamara ngo muri uwo mutungo harimo nuwe yaguze na Sebishyimbo. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00370/2020/TB/GI rwemeje ko cyamunara yakozwe na Twagiramungu iteshejwe agaciro kuko ku Cyemezo gihamya uwanditse ku butaka cyatanzwe n’ Umubitsi w’ Impapuro mpamo z’ ubutaka kigaragaza ko ubutaka 3/03/08/04/6829 na 3/04/04/1804 aribwo bwandikishweho ingwate, kuba rero ubutaka bufite UPI: 3/03/08/01/8234 butandikishijweho ingwate, bukaba butaranafatiriwe. Rwategetse umuhesha w’inkiko Twagiramungu guha Baranyeretse indishyi zitandukanye. Twagiramungu ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo ajuririra mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwarabisuzumye rwemeza mu rubanza RCA00076/2019/TGI/RBV ko Baranyeretse ariwe utunze ubwo butaka ku mugaragaro nta buryarya. Urukiko rwemeje kandi ko kuba ubutaka Baranyeretse avuga ko yaguze butamubaruyeho, bitaba impamvu yo gutesha agaciro ubwo bugure kuko bwakozwe hagati y’abantu babiri bumvikanye. Twagiramungu yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko Rukuru asaba ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Nyuma yo kubisuzuma, Perezida w’Urukiko Rukuru yasanze hashobora kuba harimo akarengane yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane nawe nyuma yo kubisuzuma yemeje ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo rukaburaniswa n’Urukiko Rukuru urugereko rwa Musanze. Twagiramungu yaburanye avuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba impamvu zatumye cyamunara iseswa zidafite ishingiro hashingiwe ku mategeko, kuba ubugure bw’ubutaka bwarabereye aho butagombaga kubera. Baranyeretse we yasobanuye ko kuba umutungo wagurishijwe mu cyamunara atari uwa Sebishyimbo kuko yari yarawuguze hanyuma Umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga akawugurisha mu cyamunara yitwaje yuko icyangombwa cy’ubutaka cyanditsweho Sebishyimbo, asaba ko ibi

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bigomba guteshwa agaciro kubera ko uwo mutungo yawuguze na Sebishyimbo mbere yuko cyamunara iba, akaba yarasigaje gukorerwa mutation. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00012/2021/HC/MUS ko ubugure Baranyeretse avuga ko yagiranye na Sebishyimbo nta shingiro bufite kuko ari amasezerano bagiranye hagati yabo gusa, ntiyigeze akorerwa imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka kugira ngo hubahirizwe ibiteganywa n’ Amategeko. Bityo ko nta cyashingirwaho hemezwa ko ubutaka buburanwa bwavuye kuri Sebishyimbo bukajya kuri Baranyeretse. Incamake y’icyemezo:1. ku bijyanye n’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa, kwemeranya kw’abagiranye amasezerano ku kintu no ku kiguzi ubwabyo ntibihagije. Bityo, hari n’ibindi bigomba kubahirizwa nko kuba mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano no kuyashyiraho umukono bigomba gukorerwa imbere y’umukozi ubifitiye ububasha, bitaba ibyo amasezerano y’ubugure ntagire agaciro kuko umutungo utimukanwa w’ubutaka nk’umutungo uri mu murage rusange w’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda bose, Leta y’u Rwanda yashatse ko umuguzi n’ugurisha batajya biherera bonyine ngo bakore amasezerano y’ubugure, maze itegeka ko bene ayo masezerano agomba kubahiriza imihango yihariye kugira ngo agire agaciro. 2. Iyo umutungo utimukanwa washyizweho itambama bihwanye nuko wafatiriwe mu nzira yo kuwuteza cyamunara. Bityo ntabwo umuntu yavuga ko umutungo watejwe cyamunara utabanje gufatirwa kandi waranje gushyirwaho itambama n’umuhesha w’Inkiko waje no kuwuteza cyamunara. Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N˚22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 245, 256 iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryo kuwa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa Ingingo ya 34 igika cya mbere Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/SC, haburana Nsengiyumva v Ntagungira n’abandi rwakijijwe ku wa 22 Ukwakira 2022 Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC, Twizerimana Theoneste yaburanagamo na Manizabayo Kennedy, rwakijijwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

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[1] Kuwa 11/10/2019 banki y’abaturage yatsinze Sebishyimbo Etienne mu rubanza RCOM0163/2019/TC rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’ubucurizi kubera amasezerano y’inguzanyo atubahirije, rumutegeka kwishyura 13.978.560Frw. Kuwa 02/09/2020 umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga witwa Twagiramungu Vincent yagurishije muri cyamunara umutungo ufite nimero kuri UPI: 3/03/08/01/8234 ubaruye kuri Sebishyimbo Etienne arangiza urwo rubanza. Nyuma y’iyo cyamunara, Baranyeretse Adela yamureze mu rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gisenyi mu rubanza RC00370/2020/TB/GI asaba gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara ngo kuko igice kimwe cy’uwo mutungo Sebishyimbo Etienne yakimugurishije kuwa 09/04/2015 ku giciro cya 2.400.000Frw. Urukiko rumaze kuburanisha urwo rubanza rwemeje ko cyamunara yakozwe kuwa 02/09/2020 iteshejwe agaciro kayo. Mu byo rwashingiyeho harimo kuba ku Cyemezo gihamya uwanditse ku butaka cyatangiwe i Karongi kuwa 21/01/2020 n’Ikigo Gishinzwe Imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’ Ubutaka, Ibiro by’ Umubitsi w’ Impapuro mpamo z’ ubutaka igaragaza ubutaka bwose bwa Sebishyimbo Etienne kigaragaza ko ubutaka 3/03/08/04/6829 na 3/04/04/1804 aribwo bwandikishweho ingwate, kuba rero ubutaka bufite nº UPI: 3/03/08/01/8234 butandikishijweho ingwate, bukaba butaranafatiriwe. Rwategetse umuhesha w’inkiko Twagiramungu Vincent guha Baranyeretse Adela indishyi zingana na 500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’avoka no kumusubiza ingwate y’amagarama ingana na 10.000Frw. [2] Twagiramungu Vincent ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo ajuririra mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu. Uru rukiko rwarasuzumye rusanga Baranyeretse Adela ariwe utunze ubwo butaka ku mugaragaro nta buryarya kuva abuguze kugeza igihe urubanza rwaburanishwa nta nkomyi, ndetse akaba yarubatsemo n’inzu no kuba yaratangiye gahunda yo kwibaruzaho igice yaguze, rusanga atabwamburwa, bityo cyamunara yabaye kuwa 02/09/2020 igateshwa agaciro nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 260 agace ka 3 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko umuntu wese ubifitemo inyungu ashobora gusaba urukiko rw’ibanze rw’aho cyamunara igomba kubera iyo hari ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho kigaragaza ko umutungo ugiye kugurishwa atari uw’uryozwa kwishyura. Ku bijyanye n’uko ubutaka Baranyeretse Adela avuga ko yaguze butamubaruyeho, rusanga bitaba ubwabyo impamvu yo gutesha agaciro ubwo bugure kuko bwakozwe hagati y’abantu babiri bumvikanye nkuko bisobanurwa n’umuhanga mu mategeko Alain Benabent aho avuga ko igurisha ryubahiriza ihame ryo kwiyemerera, agasobanura ko kumvikana ku bushake bw’abagiranye amasezerano, n’ubwo kwaba gukozwe mu magambo, guhagije kugira ngo amasezerano abe yuzuye. [3] Twagiramungu Vincent yandikiye inzego zibishinzwe asaba ko urubanza rusubirwamo kubera akarengane. Icyifuzo cye cyarakiriwe, hemezwa ko urubanza rusubirwamo n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze. Yaburanye avuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba impamvu zatumye cyamunara iseswa zidafite ishingiro hashingiwe ku mategeko, kuba ubugure bw’ubutaka bwarabereye aho butagombaga kubera. Uregwa yasabye guhabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka. [4] Ibivuzwe haruguru bigaragaza ko ibibazo bikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari ibi bikurikira : Kumenya niba ubutaka bwagurishijwe mu cyamunara bwari bukiri ubwa Sebishyimbo Etienne cyangwa niba bwari bwaramaze kuba ubwa Baranyeretse Adela

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Kumenya niba cyamunara yakozwe na Twagiramungu Vincent yarakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko Kumenya niba indishyi zasabwe muri uru rubanza zahabwa ishingiro

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II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO A. Kumenya niba ubutaka bwagurishijwe mu cyamunara bwari bukiri ubwa SEBISHYIMBO Etienne cyangwa niba bwari bwaramaze kuba ubwa BARANYERETSE Adela [5] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/SC, haburana Nsengiyumva v Ntagungira n’abandi rwakijijwe ku wa 22 Ukwakira 2022, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko ku bijyanye n’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa, kwemeranya kw’abagiranye amasezerano ku kintu no ku kiguzi ubwabyo ntibihagije, ahubwo hari n’ibindi bigomba kubahirizwa nko kuba mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano no kuyashyiraho umukono bigomba gukorerwa imbere y’umukozi ubifitiye ububasha, bitaba ibyo amasezerano y’ubugure akaba nta gaciro afite. Ibi byagatutsweho no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC, Twizerimana Theoneste yaburanagamo na Manizabayo Kennedy, rwakijijwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye birambuye ko ku birebana n’umutungo utimukanwa w’ubutaka nk’umutungo uri mu murage rusange w’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda bose, Leta y’u Rwanda yashatse ko umuguzi n’ugurisha batajya biherera bonyine ngo bakore amasezerano y’ubugure, maze itegeka ko bene ayo masezerano agomba kubahiriza imihango yihariye kugira ngo agire agaciro (ad validatatem). Imihango yihariye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka agomba kubahiriza, akaba ari uko agomba gukorerwa imbere ya Noteri. Ibi bigaragarira mu ngingo ya 34, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa. Iyo ngingo iteganya ko ihererekanya rishingiye ku masezerano yo kwegurira undi ibintu ridashobora gukorwa iyo amasezerano rishingiyeho atakozwe ku buryo bw'inyandiko y’umwimerere. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwongeyeho ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka atarakorewe imbere ya Noteri nta gaciro yagira, kubera ko atakwemerwa kugira ngo habeho ihererekanya ry’ubutaka ubugure bunandikwe, kandi ugura icyo aba agamije ari ukugira ngo agire uburenganzira ku butaka yaguze, ubwo burenganzira akaba atabubona atabanje kubwandikisha ngo abihererwe icyangombwa cy’iyandikisha ry’ubutaka. [6] Twagiramungu Vincent, yunganiwe na Me Nzabonimana Cassien, yasobanuye ko Baranyeretse Adela yasabye ko cyamunara yabaye kuwa 02/09/2020 iteshwa agaciro kubera ko yerekanaga ko yari yaraguze igice mu butaka bwa Sebishyimbo, ibyo akaba ari nako Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwabibonye rubishingiraho rutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza RC00371/2020/TB/GI rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gisenyi, nyamara rwirengagiza ko Umuhesha w’Inkiko yari yarashinganishije uwo mutungo; awugurisha nyuma yo kwerekana ko atari uwa Baranyeretse Adela, ahubwo ari uwa Sebishyimbo Etienne. Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rw'Ibanze n'uwo mu Rwisumbuye birengagije nkana ko imitungo itimukanwa y’uwatsinzwe iba ishinganishijwe ku bw’itegeko kugira ngo izavemo ubwishyu bw’ugomba kwishyurwa, cyane ko cyamunara ikomoka ku Mwanditsi Mukuru wa RDB ariyo ikurikiza inzira y`igurishwa ry`ingwate, naho kurangiza urubanza (exécution de jugement) harebwa imitungo y`uwatsinzwe ishobora kuvamo ubwishyu, Umuhesha w`Inkiko akaba adashinzwe kugendera ku ngwate yatanzwe. [7] Twagiramungu Vincent yakomeje asobanura ko ubugure bwemewe ari ubukozwe mu nyandiko y'umwimerere imbere y'ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha nk'uko biteganywa n'Ingingo ya

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34 igika cya mbere y’iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryo kuwa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa iteganya ko : ihererekanya rishingiye ku masezerano yo kwegurira undi ibintu ridashobora gukorwa iyo amasezerano rishingiyeho atakozwe ku buryo bw’inyandiko y’umwimerere. Yongeyeho ko umucamanza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yasuzumye gusa ikibazo cy'amasezerano y'ubugure yakozwe hagati ya Baranyeretse Adela na Sebishyimbo Etienne, ashingira kuri za doctrines kandi hari amategeko akoreshwa mu gihugu agaragaza ko ubugure bwemewe ari ubwanditse muri registre y'ubutaka ku mubitsi w'impapuro mpamo z'ubutaka kandi uyu akaba yari yamaze kugaragaza ko ubutaka bwagurishishijwe bwanditse kuri Sebishyimbo Etienne. Kuri we, ibyemejwe n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye binyuranyije n’amategeko ; bityo urukiko rukaba rukwiye kweza ko umutungo wagurishijwe ari uwa Sebishyimbo Etienne, ari nawe watsinzwe urubanza rwarangizwaga. [8] Baranyeretse Adela, yunganiwe na Me Hakuzimana Pierre Celestin yasobanuye ko kuba umutungo wagurishijwe mu cyamunara kuwa 02/09/2020 atari uwa Sebishyimbo ahubwo yari yarawuguze kuwa 27/09/2018 hanyuma kuwa 02/09/2020, Umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga akawugurisha mu cyamunara yitwaje yuko icyangombwa cy’ubutaka cyanditsweho Sebishyimbo Etienne, ibi bigomba guteshwa agaciro kubera ko uwo mutungo yawuguze na Sebishyimbo mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 64 y’amasezerano, ahubwo hakaba harabaye inzitizi zo kumukorera mutation. Ngo ibivugwa ko imitungo yose y’uwatsinzwe urubanza iba ishinganishijwe, nta kamaro k’ingwate kaba gahari. Ngo igihe cyose umuguzi n’umugurisha bambyemeranije ubugure bwabo buba bufite agaciro nk’uko bishimangirwa n’urukiko rwisumbuye mu gika cya 9,10,11 by’urubanza RC00075/2020/TGI/RBV. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [9] Urukiko rurasanga Baranyeretse Adela yaraburanye avuga ko ubutaka bubraruye kuri UPI : 3/03/08/01/8234 butagombaga kugurishwa mu cyamunara kuko ngo igice cyabwo yakiguze na Sebishyimbo Etienne. Yagaragaje amasezerano y’ubugure yagiranye na Sebishyimbo Etienne, ariko ayo masezerano ni ayo bagiranye hagati yabo gusa, ntiyigeze akorerwa imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka kugira ngo hubahirizwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa. Mu yandi magambo nta hererekanyamutungo ryigeze riba hagati ya Sebishyimbo Etienne na Baranyeretse Adela. Ibi bikaba bishatse kuvuga ko nta cyashingirwaho hemezwa ko ubutaka bwavuzwe haruguru bwavuye kuri Sebishyimbo Etienne bukajya kuri Baranyeretse Adela. Nk’uko byasobanuwe mu manza zagaragajwe haruguru, ku bijyanye n’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa, kwemeranya kw’abagiranye amasezerano ku kintu no ku kiguzi ubwabyo ntibihagije, ahubwo hari n’ibindi bigomba kubahirizwa nko kuba mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano no kuyashyiraho umukono bigomba gukorerwa imbere y’umukozi ubifitiye ububasha, bitaba ibyo amasezerano y’ubugure akaba nta gaciro afite. [10] Urukiko rurasanga ibivuzwe haruguru bitesha agaciro ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gisenyi ndetse n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu ko ku bijyanye n’uko ubutaka Baranyeretse Adela avuga ko yaguze butamubaruyeho, bitaba ubwabyo impamvu yo gutesha agaciro ubwo bugure kuko bwakozwe hagati y’abantu babiri bumvikanye nk’uko bisobanurwa n’umuhanga mu mategeko Alain Benabent aho avuga ko igurisha ryubahiriza ihame ryo kwiyemerera, agasobanura ko kumvikana ku bushake bw’abagiranye amasezerano, n’ubwo kwaba

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gukozwe mu magambo, guhagije kugira ngo amasezerano abe yuzuye. Izi nkiko zibanza zagombaga kubona ko ibyo zashingiyeho byubahirizwa gusa ku bugure bw’indi mitungo, ariko ko ku bugure bw’ubutaka, hari indi mihango iba igomba kubahirizwa kugira ngo ubugure bube bufite agaciro, kuko nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabibonye, mu manza zagaragajwe mu bika bibanza, umutungo utimukanwa w’ubutaka nk’umutungo uri mu murage rusange w’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda bose, Leta y’u Rwanda yashatse ko umuguzi n’ugurisha batajya biherera bonyine ngo bakore amasezerano y’ubugure, maze itegeka ko bene ayo masezerano agomba kubahiriza imihango yihariye kugira ngo agire agaciro. Na none kandi Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko ugura icyo aba agamije ari ukugira ngo agire uburenganzira ku butaka yaguze, ubwo burenganzira akaba atabubona atabanje kubwandikisha ngo abihererwe icyangombwa cy’iyandikisha ry’ubutaka. [11] Ku bw’ibyo, ibyo Baranyeretse Adela avuga ngo hari ubutaka yaguze, ariko agahindukira akivugira ko atigeze abwiyandikishaho bigaragaza ko nta burenganzira afite ku butaka avuga ko yaguze. Ibyo yavuze ko yari ari mu nzira zo gukoresha ihererekanya ry’uburenanzira ku butaka bishimangira ko ubutaka bwari butaraba ubwe. Igihe ubwo butaka bwatezwaga cyamunara bwari bukiri ubw’uwo bwanditseho, ari we Sebishyimbo Etienne. Nta cyari kubuza Umuhesha w’Inkiko kubugurisha mu cyamunara mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa urubanza Sebishyimbo Etienne yatsinzwe. B.Kumenya niba cyamunara yakozwe na TWAGIRAMUNGU Vincent yarakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko [12] Ingingo ya ya 245 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano ivuga ko "Kuva urubanza rubaye itegeko cyangwa hasohotse indi nyandikompesha, imitungo itimukanwa y'uwatsinzwe iba ishinganishijwe ku bw'itegeko kugira ngo izavemo ubwishyu bw’ugomba kwishyurwa. Umuhesha w'Inkiko ashingiye ku bivugwa muri iyi ngingo kandi nta rundi rubanza rubaye, ashobora gukora fatira ry'imitungo yimukanwa kugirango itarigiswa". Ku bw’iyi ngingo, icyo Umuhesha w’inkiko yasabwa kureba mbere kugurisha mu cyamunara umutungo wa Sebishyimbo Etienne ni ukureba niba hari urubanza rwabaye itegeko, hagakurikiraho gukora ifatira ry’uwo mutungo. Naho ingingo ya 256 y’iri tegeko iteganya ko Umuhesha w’inkiko umaze gukora inyandikomvugo y’ifatirabwishyu, akoresha igenagaciro ry'imitungo yafatiriwe mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) yifashishije impuguke ahawe n’Urugaga rw’abakora umwuga w’igenagaciro, raporo y’igenagaciro akayishyikiriza nyir’umutungo ufatiriwe n’uberewemo umwenda, akagenera kopi umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari uherereyemo. Iyo raporo y’igenagaciro itangazwa ku rubuga rw’imanza zirangizwa. [13] Twagiramungu Vincent, yunganiwe na Me Nzabonimana Cassien, yasobanuye ko Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rw’Ibanze yemeje ko cyamunara isheshwe kubera ko ngo hatubahirijwe amategeko y’ishinganisha ; nyamara umucamanza yirengagije ko umutungo wagurishijwe mu cyamunara washinganishijwe/watambamiwe tariki ya 25/02/2020 nk'uko bigaragazwa n'inyandiko y'Umubitsi w'Impapurompamo z'Ubutaka mu ntara y'Iburengerazuba, aha ngo Urukiko rwirengaje amategeko. Na none kandi ngo mu mvugo Baranyeretse Adela ubwe avuga ko yagize imbogamizi yo gukoresha mutation kubera ko yasanze umutungo ushinganishije. Ngo umucamanza wo mu rukiko rw'Ibanze na none yashingiye iseswa rya cyamunara ku kuba

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umutungo wagurishijwe utari waratanzweho ingwate ; aha umucamanza yirengagije ko ihame ry'uko umutungo w'umuntu aho uva ukagera ari ingwate rusange y'abo abereyemo umwenda. Ikindi kandi yirengagije ko harangizwaga urubanza aho umuhesha w'Inkiko ashakisha imitungo y'uwatsinzwe. Ngo ntihagurishwaga ingwate yandikishijwe ku mwanditsi Mukuru muri RDB. Ku bijyanye n’igenagaciro, ngo Baranyeretse Adela avuga ko ritigeze ribaho, ariko ngo ntiyari kurimenya kuko atari we wari nyir’umutungo. Ngo icyo itegeko rivuga ni uko rimenyeshwa nyir’umutungo. [14] Baranyeretse Adela, yunganiwe na Me Hakuziyaremye Pierre Celestin, yireguye avuga ko nk’uko urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gisenyi rwabigaragaje mu gika cya 4,5,6 cy’urubanza RC00370/2020/TB/GI, Twagiramungu Vincent ntiyigeze yerekana ibimenyetso byerekana ko yubahirije amategeko agenga ishinganisha, ifatira n'itangazwa rya cyamunara. Kuba umuhesha w’inkiko Twagiramungu Vincent yarirengagije nkana amategeko agenga itangazwa rya cyamunara ibyo avuga nta gaciro byahabwa ahubwo agomba kubihanirwa akabitangira indishyi. Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 252 (igika cya 1) y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, Twagiramungu Vincent yirengagije gukora igenagaciro ry’uwo mutungo, anirengagiza kurishyikiriza umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’akagari uwo mutungo uherereyemo. Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 253 (igika cya 2) y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, yirengagije nanone gushyikiriza itangazo rya cyamunara umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’akagari no kurimanika ku biro by’ako kagari uwo mutungo uherereyemo nk’uko bishimangirwa n’inyandiko yo kuwa 03/09/2020 y’ubuyobozi bw’akari ka Bisizi igaragaza ko nta tangazo rya cyamunara ryigeze rimenyeshwa ubwo buyobozi. Ku ruhande rwe ngo abona umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga atarubahirije amategeko agenga icyamunara, bityo ibyemezo by’urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gisenyi n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu bigomba kugumaho. Kuba Sebishyimbo yari yaragiranye amasezerano na Banki bikamuviramo kudashobora kwishyura umwenda yari yarafashe, ntibyaha Banki uburenganzira bwo kugurisha mu cyamunara ubutaka bufite UPI: 3/03/08/01/8234 kubera ko ubu butaka butari mu ngwate yari yaratanzwe na Sebishyimbo, akaba yaranze kubushyira mu ngwate kubera ko yari yarabugurishije abantu batandukanye ategereje kubakorera mutation. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Urukiko rurasanga icya mbere Baranyeretse Adela yavuze ko cyirengagijwe n’Umuhesha w’inkiko ngo ari ugukora ifatira, ibi ariko yabivuze yirengagije ikimenyetso kiri muri dosiye cyerekeye iri fatira. Icyo kimenyetso ni ibaruwa yo kuwa 22/10/2022 yanditswe n’Umubitsi w’Impamuro Mpamo z’ubutaka mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba asubiza ibaruwa yari yanditswe na Twagiramungu Vincent aho yasobanuye ko ubutaka bufite UPI: 3/03/08/01/8234 bwa Sebishyimbo Etienne ( ibi bigashimangira ibyagarutsweho mu bika bibanza ko ubutaka bwari ubwa Sebishyimbo Etienne) bwashyizweho itambamira ku wa 25/02/2020 hashingiwe ku busabe bwa Twagiramungu Vincent, rikaba ryarakuweho ku wa 15/09/2020, hashingiwe na none ku busabe bwa Twagiramungu Vincent. Ibi bigasobanura ko ibyo Ngaruye Jean de Dieu yavugaga ko Umuhesha w’Inkiko yakoresheje cyamunara kandi atarabanje gufatira nta shingiro bifite, cyamurana yabaye ku wa 02/09/2020, ibigaragajwe haruguru bikaba bigaragaza ko iki gihe ubutaka bwari bwarafatiriwe, kandi bikagaragaza ko nyuma yo kugurisha mu cyamunara, ifatira ryakuweho. Mu magambo make amategeko yerekeye ifatira yarubahirijwe.

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[16] Urukiko rurasanga ikindi Baranyeretse Adela yagarutseho mu miburanire ye, ngo cyari gutuma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro ni uko ngo mbere yo guteza cyamunara Umuhesha w’Inkiko atabanje gukoresha igenagaciro nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko ndetse ngo n’amatangazo yerekeye icyo cyamunara ntiyakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Nyamara muri dosiye harimo amatangazo atandukanye yerekeye cyamunara y’umutungo UPI: 3/03/08/01/8234, ayo matangazo akaba yarashyizwe mu binyamakuru bitandukanye (Igihe.com, Isango Star, …). Ibaruwa y’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Bisizi na yo igaragaza itangazo rya cyamunara yagombaga kuba ku wa 18/03/2020 ryakiriwe n’ubunyamabanga bw’Akagari. Bigasobanura ko ibyo Baranyeretse Adela yavugaga ko nta matangazo ya cyamunara yabayeho nta shingiro bifite. Ibijyanye no kuba nta genagaciro ryakozwe na byo nta shingiro bifite kuko muri dosiye harimo ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko igenagaciro cyakozwe rikagaragaza ko umutungo uri mu butaka bufite UPI: 3/03/08/01/8234 bufite agaciro ka 23 450 000Frw, kandi iri genagaciro ryakozwe ku wa 19/02/2020, mbere y’uko cyamunara ya mbere iba. [17] Ku bw’ibyo, imihango yose ibanziriza cyamunara yubahirijwe n’Umuhesha w’Inkiko, bisobanura ko cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. C.Kumenya niba indishyi zasabwe muri uru rubanza zahabwa ishingiro [18] Baranyeretse Adela, yunganiwe na Me Hakuzimana Pierre Celestin yavuze ko Twagiramungu agomba kumuha indishyi z'ikurikiranarubanza zingana na 500.000Frw nishyuye avoka kubera akomeje kunshora mu manza ku maherere. [19] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi Baranyeretse Adela yasabye na we adakwiye kuzihabwa kuko ari we utsindwa n’urubanza, nta shingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa n’uwatsinzwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Twagiramungu Vincent gisubirishamo urubanza RCA00076/2019/TGI/RBV rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu ku wa 09/11/2020 gifite ishingiro ; [21] Rwemeje ko cyamunara yabaye kuwa 02/09/2020 ku mutungo UPI : 3/03/08/01/8234 igumanye agaciro kayo ; [22] Rwemeje ko Ntezurundi Shaff agumana umutungo yaguze mu cyamunara, amafaranga yavuye muri iyo cyamunara agahabwa Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ;