UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIMANA N’UNDI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIMANA N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA00028/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HABIMANA N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00028/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.,) 28 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange – Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi – Kumenya uwitwa umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge n’utari we – Umuntu ntagirwa umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge no kuba hari abaguzi babonetse aho acururiza, ahubwo igihe cyose afite ibicuruzwa kandi yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka ibyo agurisha, aba ari umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge. Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange – Ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge – Gutwara umuntu ufite ibiyobyabwenge ku kinyabiziga cyawe ubizi neza ko atwaye urumogi kandi ko agiye kurugurisha, ukabiceceka, ukabirinda, kugeza ubwo ugurisha ahuriye n’abiyise abaguzi barwo, akumvikana nabo igiciro, bivuze ko ibyo bikorwa bigize ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange – Abantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi ntibashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Niyibizi François alias Eric yafashwe acuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, afatwa hamwe n’umumotari witwa Habimana Jean

de Dieu wari umutwaye gucuruza, maze bashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwabaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Niyibizi François alias Eric bumurega icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, naho Habimana Jean de Dieu bumurega icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, busaba kwemeza ko buri wese ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa akagihanirwa. Uwitwa Jyamubandi Piere nyiri moto yari yatwaye abaregwa, yareze Habimana Jean de Dieu asaba ko yamuha indishyi zitandukanye zikomoka kuri moto ye yafatiwe mu bikorwa byo gutwara ibiyobyabwenge igafatirwa ikamara igihe idakora. Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu, buri wese yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, naho kubijyanye n’indishyi, uzisabwa avuga ko ari nyinshi, bityo ko zagabanywa agatanga nkeya. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye, rwemeza ko Niyibizi François alias Eric ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, naho Habimana Jean de Dieu ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, buri wese ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), rutegeka kandi Habimana Jean de Dieu kwishyura Jyamubandi Pierre indishyi zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine (1.140.000 Frw).

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Abaregwa bombi bajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza buri wese ahakana icyaha, nyuma bakora imyanzuro y’inyongera Niyibizi François alias Eric asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka hakemezwa ko ahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, banasaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko noneho bemera icyaha. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze ku bijyanye no guhindura inyito y’icyaha bisabwa na Niyibizi François alias Eric nta shingoro bifite, naho Kuri Habimana Jean de Dieu usaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire, rwasanze ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire kutamubera impamvu ituma agabanyirizwa igihano, rusanga ariko n’ubwo ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite bakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko nta kindi cyaha cyigeze kibahama, bityo rubahanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, basaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa ibihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha buri wese agaragaza mu mwanzuro we, Niyibizi asaba ko inyito y’icyaha ahamijwe yahinduka, maze hakemezwa ko ahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, akaba aricyo ahanirwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Habimana Jean de Dieu nawe avuga ko atari akwiye kuba yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge kuko yatwaye Niyibizi

François alias Eric kuri moto atazi ko afite urumogi, asaba ko Urukiko rwabisuzuma maze rukamuhanira icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, rwasanga akwiye guhanirwa icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge rukamugabanyiriza igihano. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuri Niyibizi Farançois alias Eric uvuga ko yahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko yafashwe n’abashinzwe umutekano bari bigize abaguzi b’ibiyobyabwenge bari bamaze no kumvikana igiciro, bityo ko atavuga ko ari ubwinjiracyaha kuko icyaha yagikoze. Kuri Habimana Jean Dieu, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nawe ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko asaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe kikaba gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyo kubitunda, nyamara yemeye icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge asobanura uko yagikoze, bityo ko inyito y’icyaha idakwiye guhinduka haba kuri Niyibizi François alias Eric haba no kuri Habimana Jean de Dieu, maze hakagumaho ibyaha bahamijwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umuntu ntagirwa umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge no kuba hari abaguzi babonetse aho acururiza, ahubwo igihe cyose afite ibicuruzwa kandi yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka ibyo agurisha, aba ari umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge.

2. Gutwara umuntu ufite ibiyobyabwenge ku kinyabiziga cyawe ubizi neza ko atwaye urumogi kandi ko agiye kurugurisha, ukabiceceka, ukabirinda, kugeza ubwo ugurisha ahuriye n’abiyise abaguzi barwo, akumvikana nabo igiciro, bivuze ko ibyo bikorwa bigize ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge.

3. Abantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi ntibashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw).

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Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange; Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 87; Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00436/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/06/2022 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ahimpereye Ndeze François; Urubanza RPAA00237/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukunzi Jean de Dieu; urubanza RPAA 00386/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Sumayire. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 08/09/2019, abapolisi bo mu ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge bahawe amakuru y’uko uwitwa Niyibizi François alias Eric acuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, maze bamuhamagara kuri telefone ye igendanwa nimero 0788268691 bamubwira ko bashaka urumogi rwo kunywa rungana n’udupfunyika 1000, Niyibizi François alias Eric yashyize urumogi mu gikapu ngo arubajyanire, afata umumotari witwa Habimana Jean de Dieu ngo amutware, baragiye bageze kuri ba bapolisi bari bigize abaguzi b’urumogi, barabafata, mukubafata Habimana

Jean de Dieu aracika, Niyibizi François alias Eric arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha, nyuma y’igihe gito Habimana Jean de Dieu nawe arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwabaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Niyibizi François alias Eric bumurega icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, naho Habimana Jean de Dieu bumurega icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, busaba kwemeza ko buri wese ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa akagihanirwa. [3] Uwitwa Jyamubandi Piere akaba ari nyiri moto Habimana Jean de Dieu yatwayeho Niyibizi François alias Eric n’urumogi, yisunze Ubushinjacyaha yaregeye indishyi muri urwo Rukiko, asaba ko Habimana Jean de Dieu yamuha indishyi zitandukanye zikomoka kuri moto ye yafatiwe mu bikorwa byo gutwara ibiyobyabwenge igafatirwa ikamara igihe idakora. Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu, buri wese yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, naho kubijyanye n’indishyi Habimana Jean de Dieu akavuga ko izisabwa ari nyinshi, ko zagabanywa agatanga nkeya.

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[4] Mu rubanza RP 00698/2019/TGI/MHG rwaciwe ku wa 12/06/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, rushingiye ku bimenyetso bikurikira:  Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya; “call history” igaragaza ko Musoni Jean d’Amour na Gisagara Joël bari bigize abakiriya bashaka urumogi bahamagaranye na Niyibizi François alias Eric warucuruzaga kugeza bahuye; Inyandikomvugo y’ifatira igaragaza ko hafatiriwe urumogi udupfunyika 1013 Niyibizi François alias Eric yasinyeho yemera ko ari we warufatanwe; Kuba Habimana Jean de Dieu yemera ko yatwaye Niyibizi François alias Eric kuri moto bafite urumogi; Amafoto yatanzwe n’umwe mu batangabuhamya wafotoye uwafatanwe urumogi agaragaza ko uwafashwe ari Niyibizi François alias Eric; Rwemeje ko Niyibizi François alias Eric ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, naho Habimana Jean de Dieu ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, buri wese ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), rutegeka Habimana Jean de Dieu kwishyura Jyamubandi Pierre indishyi zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine (1.140.000 Frw). [5] Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu bajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza buri wese avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, nyuma bakora

imyanzuro y’inyongera Niyibizi François alias Eric asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka hakemezwa ko ahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kuko yafashwe agiye guhura n’abari bamuhamagaye kuri telefone biyita abaguzi b’urumogi afatwa arubajyaniye ariko atararubaha ngo bamuhe amafaranga bari bumvikanye, anasaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko noneho yemera icyaha, naho Habimana Jean de Dieu avuga ko noneho yemera ko yatwaye Niyibizi François alias Eric kuri moto abizi neza ko afite urumogi kandi abizi ko ari icyaha ariko kuko yari akeneye amafaranga yemera kumutwara, asaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa ibihano kugira ngo ashobore kujya kwita ku muryango yasize mu nzu y’inkodeshanyo kandi ari we gusa imibereho yawo yari ishingiyeho. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe mu myanzuro y’inyongera zidakwiye kwakirwa ngo zisuzumwe kuko zatanzwe impitagihe, kandi ko ziramutse zakiriwe zitahabwa ishingiro kuko nka Niyibizi François alias Eric usaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha, n’ubwo yahise afatwa atari yatanga urumogi ngo ahabwe amafaranga, ariko kuba yari yamaze kumvikana ku kigurishwa n’ikiguzi cyacyo ubwabyo bihagije ngo byitwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ko naho kuri Habimana Jean de Dieu wemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire nta gaciro byahabwa kuko azanye impamvu nshya itaraburanishijwe mu Rukiko rubanza kandi Urukiko rwajuririwe ruba rufite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00577/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 29/12/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze ku bijyanye no guhindura inyito y’icyaha bisabwa na Niyibizi

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François alias Eric ntashingoro bifite kuko harebwe uburyo ibintu byagenze, aho yafashe urumogi agakora urugendo afite gahunda yo kurucuruza agahura n’abamwemereye kurugura bamara kwemeranywa igiciro no kumwereka amafaranga baribumwishyure agahamagara Habimana Jean de Dieu akamuzanira urwo rumogi yabageraho bagahita babereka ko ari abashinzwe umutekano bakamufata aho kumushyikiriza amafaranga mu ntoki, ubwabyo bitsotsoba igikorwa cyo gucuruza urumogi kuko habaye kumvikana ku kigurishwawa n’ikiguzi cyacyo. [8] Kuri Habimana Jean de Dieu usaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire, Urukiko rushingiye ku byemeje mu mu rubanza RPAA 00171/2022/CA - CMB RPAA 00193/2022/CA - CMB RPAA 00207/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/10/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Musabyimana Jean Bosco na bagenzi be, ko ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bitagirira akamaro uregwa kuko aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza kandi umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko; rwasanze ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire kutamubera impamvu ituma agabanyirizwa igihano. Rusanga ariko n’ubwo ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite, Habimana Jean de Dieu na Niyibizi François alias Eric bakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari nta kindi cyaha cyigeze kibahama bakaba bari basanzwe bitwara neza mu muryango

nyarwanda ndetse icyaha cyabahamye kikaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, rubahanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Urukiko rwasanze isubikagihano risabwa na Habimana Jean de Dieu, atarihabwa kuko ahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5). [9] Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujuri, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00028/2024/CA, ruburanishwa muruhame ku wa 06/03/2025, Niyibizi François alias Eric yunganiwe na Me Nyakubandwa Appolinarie, Habimana Jean de Dieu yunganiwe na Me Niragire Rachel naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu basaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa ibihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha buri wese agaragaza mu mwanzuro we. Mu gihe cy’iburanisha buriwese yasabye ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka, Niyibizi François alias Eric avuga ko Urukiko rwari kumuhamya ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kandi rukamugabanyiriza igihano kuko acyemera, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka, hakemezwa ko ahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge akaba aricyo ahanirwa, akanagabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [11] Habimana Jean de Dieu n’umwunganira nabo bavuga

ko atari akwiye kuba yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge kuko yatwaye Niyibizi François alias Eric kuri moto atazi ko afite urumogi, ko Urukiko rwabisuzuma rukamuhanira icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, rwasanga akwiye guhanirwa icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge rukamugabanyiriza igihano. [12] Hakurikijwe impaka ziri muri urubanza, hagiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: a. kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu bashinjwa ikwiriye guhinduka;

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b. kumenya niba Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu bagabanyirizwa ndetse bakanasubikirwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Ibyerekeye kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu buri wese yahamijwe ikwiriye guhinduka. [13] Niyibizi François alias Eric avuga ko mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza yemeye ko yafatanwe urumogi agiye kurugurisha ariko afatwa atari yarugurisha kuko yari atararuha abarushaka ngo nabo bamuhe amafaranga, Urukiko rumuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kandi yaragombaga guhamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kubera ko abapolisi bari bigize abaguzi bashaka urumogi aribo bamufashe bataramuha amafaranga y’ikiguzi ngo nawe abahereze urumogi, bityo ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka agahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. [14] Me Nyakubandwa Appolinarie umwunganira avuga ko mu nkiko zibanza Niyibizi François alias Eric yasabye ko atahanirwa icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kuko urumogi yafatanwe yari atararugurisha, ariko ntibyahabwa ishingiro, ariyo mpamvu asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 21 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, kuko umugambi we waburijwemo ataragera ku gikorwa cyo

gucuruza. [15] Habimana Jean de Dieu n’umwunganira bavuga ko nk’umuntu ukora akazi ko gutwara abagenzi kuri moto, Habimana Jean de Dieu yatwaye Niyibizi François alias Eric kuri moto atazi ko afite ibiyobyabwenge, bityo ko atari akwiye kuba yarahaniwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, basaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka kikaba gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuri Niyibizi Farançois alias Eric uvuga ko yahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko yafashwe n’abashinzwe umutekano bari bigize abaguzi b’ibiyobyabwenge bari bamaze no kumvikana igiciro, Niyibizi François akaba atavuga ko ari ubwinjiracyaha kuko icyaha yagikoze. [17] Kuri Habimana Jean Dieu, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nawe ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko asaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe kikaba gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyo kubitunda, nyamara nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 16 n’icya 18 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, aburana mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza Habimana Jean de Dieu yemeye icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge asobanura uko yagikoze, asaba imbabazi asaba no kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuri icyo cyaha, ko rero ibyo yemeye kandi yakoze bigize ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asoza avuga ko inyito y’icyaha idakwiye guhinduka haba kuri Niyibizi François alias Eric haba no kuri Habimana Jean de Dieu, ko hakwiye kugumaho ibyaha bahamijwe.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[18] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba hakurikijwe ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye, inyito y’icyaha Habimana Jean de Dieu na Niyibizi François alias Eric buri wese yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ikwiriye guhinduka, kuri Niyibizi François alias Eric kikaba ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho ku gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, naho kuri Habimana Jean de Dieu kikaba gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba gutunda ibiyobyabwenge.

a. Kuri Niyibizi François alias Eric [19] Niyibizi François alias Eric asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka kika ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kuko urumgogi yari agiye kugurisha abapolisi bari bigize abaguzi b’urumogi bahise bamufata atari yarubahereza ngo nabo bamuhe amafaranga y’ikiguzi cyarwo. [20] Ku birebana n’ibimenyetso byemeza ko umuntu ari umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge, byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00436/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/06/2022 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ahimpereye Ndeze François. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwemeje ko “Umuntu ntagirwa umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge no kuba hari abaguzi babonetse aho acururiza, ahubwo igihe cyose afite ibicuruzwa kandi yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka ibyo agurisha, aba ari umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge1”. Uwo murongo wakomeje gushingirwaho no munzindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko kugeza nan’ubu2. [21] Imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa, mu gika cya 9, 11, 12 n’icya 13, igaragaza ko ikibaza cyo guhindura inyito y’icyaha kikaba ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, Niyibizi François alias Eric yakiburanishije no mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, maze urwo Rukiko rusanga nta shingiro gifite, kuko harebwe ko yafashe urumogi agakora urugendo afite mu mutwe kurucuruza agahura n’abamwemereye kurugura bamara

kwemeranywa igiciro no kumwereka amafaranga baribumwishyure agahamagara Habimana Jean de Dieu akamuzanira urwo rumogi yabageraho bagahita babereka ko ari abashinzwe umutekano bakamufata aho kumushyikiriza amafaranga mu ntoki, ubwabyo bitsotsoba igikorwa cyo gucuruza urumogi kuko habaye kumvikana ku kigurwa n’ikiguzi cyacyo. [22] Hashingiwe ku murongo rwatanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00436/2020/CA wibukijwe mu gika cya 20 cy’uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujuririre rurasanga nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwabibonye, kuba Niyibizi François alias Eric yiyemerera ko yahamagawe kuri telefone n’abapolisi bigize abaguzi b’urumogi, bakamusaba ko yabazanira urumogi rwo kugura, akabyemera agafata urugende arubajyaniye, mugihe yari yiteguye kurubahereza ngo nabo bamuhe amafaranga bagahindukira bakamufa, ubwabyo bimugira umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru kuko yari afite urumogi yiteguye kuruha abarushaka nabo bakamuha amafaranga. Bityo ibyo asaba ko inyito

1 Reba igika cya 19 cy’urwo rubanza.

2Reba urubanza RPAA00237/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukunzi Jean de Dieu (igika cya 15), urubanza RPAA 00386/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Sumayire (igika cya 15) n’izindi.

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y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka bikaba nta shingiro bifite kuko ibikorwa yakoze bivuzwe muri iki gika, bihura n’inyito byahawe yo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. b. Kuri Habimana Jean de Dieu [23] Habimana Jean de Dieu asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka kikaba gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba gutunda ibiyobyabwenge kuko nk’umuntu usanzwe akora akazi ko gutwara abagenzi kuri moto, yatwaye Niyibizi François alias Eric kuri moto atazi ko afite urumogi. [24] Ingingo ya 87 y’Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso ivuga ko: “Mu rubanza nshinjabyaha, ikimenyetso gishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barahawe umwanya wo kubijyaho impaka”. [25] N’ubwo Habimana Jean de Dieu avuga ko yatwaye Niyibizi François kuri Moto atazi ko afite urumogi, ariko aburana mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza yarabyemeye, asobanura ko Niyibizi François alias Eric yamuhaye akazi ko kumutwara anamwereka ko afite urumogi agiye kugurisha abantu baturutse i Kigali, yemera kumutwara azi ko afite urumogi agiye kugurisha, anazi ko gutwara umuntu ufite ibintu bitemewe ari icyaha, abyemera kuko Niyibizi François yari yamwemereye amafaranga 3.500Frw kandi ayakeneye cyane, nyuma bageze aho abo bantu bashakaga urumogi bari, Niyibizi François alias Eric ava kuri moto ajya kuvugana nabo, amaze kuvugana nabo amusaba kumuzanira agakapu karimo urumogi,

abageze impande abona bakuye amapingu mu mufuka, agakapu agata hasi ariruka kugira ngo batamufata na Moto ayita aho3. Mu mwanzuro wo kujuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire wo ku wa 07/01/2021, Habimana Jean de Dieu yongeye kwemera ko yatwaye Niyibizi François alias Eric abizi ko atwaye urumogi, ntiyatanga ayo makuru. [26] Kuba Habimana Jean de Dieu yaratwaye Niyibizi François alias Eric kuri moto abizi ko atwaye urumogi, bishimangirwa n’ubuhamya bwa AIP GISAGARA Joël n’ubwa Musoni Jean d’Amour bemeza ko bahawe amakuru ko Niyibizi François alias Eric acuruza urumogi, maze bigira abaguzi barwo bamuhamagara kuri telefone bamusaba ko yabazanira udupfunyika 1000 tw’urumogi arabyemera, bahurira Kamonyi arubazaniye atwawe n’umumotari (Habimana Jean de Dieu) kuri moto, bamaze kumvika ku mafaranga bagombaga kumuha, Niyibizi ahita ahamagara umumotari wari wamuzanye (Habimana Jean de Dieu) wari wasigaranye urumogi aho Moto yari iparitse ngo aruzane, aruzanye bahita babafata ariko umumotari (Habimana) arabacika. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 87 y’Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, rurasanga ibyo Habimana Jean de Dieu yemeye aburana mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza no mu mwanzuro wo kujuririra uru Rukiko wo ku wa 07/01/2021 ndetse n’ibyo abatangabuhamya Gisagara Joël na Musoni Jean d’Amour bemeza, bihagije ngo hemezwe ko yatwaye Niyibizi Jean de Dieu kuri moto abizi ko atwaye urumogi kandi ko icyo rwari rugewe kwari ukurugurisha. [28] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2, agace ka 4° y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ivuga ko: “umufatanyacyaha ari uwafatanyije ku buryo butaziguye n’uwakoze icyaha”, rurasanga kuba

3 Reba igika cya 18 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa

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Habimana Jean de Dieu yaremeye gutwara Niyibizi François alias Eric kuri Moto abizi neza ko atwaye urumogi kandi ko agiye kurugurisha, akicekera, kugeza ubwo bageze aho bahuriye n’abiyise abaguzi bw’urumogi, Niyibizi François alias Eric akajya kumvikana nabo igiciro, Habimana Jean de Dieu agasirana urumogi ari kururinda, Niyibizi François alias Eric yarangiza kumvikana n’abaguzi ku giciro cy’urumogi agahamagara Habimana Jean de Dieu akamuzanira urumog; rurasanga ibyo bikorwa bigize ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge Habimana Jean de Dieu yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza. Bityo imiburanire ya Habimana Jean de Dieu y’uko yahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, ikaba nta shingiro ifite kuko urumogi bafatwanwe rwari urwo kugurisha kandi bafashwe barimo gufatanya mu gikorwa cyo kurugurisha. 2.Kumenya niba Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu bagabanyirizwa ndetse bakanasubikirwa igihano [29] Niyibizi François alias Eric asaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2028 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ivuga ko: Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, maze akagabanyirizwa

igihano kuko icyo yahawe ari kirekire kandi ari ubwa mbere yakurikiranwa mu butabera ndetse akaba afite umusaza n’umukecuru yitaho. [30] Me Nyakubandwa Appolinarie asaba ko hashingirwa ku rubanza RPAA 00401/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/10/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ubarijoro Pierre, rwemeje ko nta cyabuza Umucamanza kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, maze Niyibizi François alias Eric akagabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano kuko nta kindi cyaha kizwi yahaniwe. [31] Habimana Jean de Dieu n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu nkiko ndetse icyaha yakoze kikaba nta ngaruka cyagize ku muntu uwo ari we wese, basaba kandi ko yasubikirwa igihano kugira ngo ashobore kujya kwita ku muryango yasize mu nzu y’inkodeshanyo kandi ari we gusa imibereho yawo yari ishingiyeho. [32] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ntaho Urukiko rwahera rwongera kugabanyiriza igihano Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu kuko igihano buri wese yahanishijwe cyo gufungwa imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) aricyo gihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha bakoze igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [33] Ingingo ya 11 igika cya gatatu, agace ka 1° y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko: “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo

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bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [34] Ingingo ya 4, agace (1) y’Itegeko 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko: “Umufatanyacyaha cyangwa icyitso ahanwa hakurikijwe ibihano itegeko riteganyiriza uwakoze icyaha”. [35] Urukiko rw’Ubujuririre mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 24 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko abantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi biteganywa kandi bigahanwa n’ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, agace ka 1° y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, badashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw)5. [36] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ibigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwagabanyirije igihano

Habimana Jean de Dieu na Niyibizi François alias Eric, rubahanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), kuko ari nta kindi cyaha cyigeze kibahama bakaba bari basanzwe bitwara neza mu muryango nyarwanda ndetse icyaha cyabahamye kikaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje. [37] Hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko wibukijwe haruguru (mu gika cya 35 cy’uru rubanza), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu bahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko ku cyaha bahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi n’ubufatanyacyaha muri icyo cyaha, kikaba kidashobora kugibwa munsi. [38] Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano, ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N° 058/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ivuga ko: “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6

4 Ivuga ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (…), (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”.

5 Reba urubanza RPAA 00295/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Iradukunda Diane; urubanza N° RPAA 00347/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Muhirwa Elisé; urubanza RPAA 00333/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngirinshuti Emmanuel (igika cya 15), n’izindi nyinshi.

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yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko, rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”. [39] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga isubikagihano Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu basaba badakwiriye kurihabwa kuko buri wese muribo ahanishijwe igihano cy’iremezo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [40] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu nta shingiro bufite; [41] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00577/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 29/12/2023, ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’icyaha Habimana Jean de Dieu yahamijwe; [42] Rwemeje ko Habimana Jean de Dieu ahamwa n’ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge naho Niyibizi François alias Eric akomeza guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge; [43] Rutegetse ko nta gihindutse ku gihano Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu buri wese yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa; [44] Rutegetse ko Niyibizi François alias Eric na Habimana Jean de Dieu basonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko bafunze.