The Court of Appeal changed the conviction from causing death by assault to intentional assault or battery, reduced the sentence to 3 years and RWF 300,000, and ordered release.
The Court of Appeal established binding principles on calculation of appeal deadlines, mandatory payment of withholding tax, distinction between civil and commercial acts, contract classification, recusal standards, sentencing discretion and mitigation, procedural limits on appellate arguments, modification of charges, proportionality in drug sentencing, and retroactive application of interpretive ministerial orders.