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Rwanda Case Law

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Criminal law

IMIRONGO - CoA - No 22 December 2024

Court
Court of Appeal

The Court of Appeal established that convictions cannot be based on acts not charged in the indictment, procedural requirements for auctions and appeals are strictly statutory, sentence reductions require unequivocal guilty pleas before first instance closure, and the burden of proof and admissibility of evidence are governed by clear legal standards. Precedents are not binding if the underlying law has changed. Second appeals depend on the value or damages awarded in the prior judgment.

Source excerpt

  • Criminal procedure
  • Evidence
  • Sentencing
  • Appeals
  • Foreclosure and auction law
  • Labour disputes
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Contract law

IMIRONGO CoA - No 18 - May - 2024

Court
Court of Appeal

The Court of Appeal held that in reciprocal contracts, neither party can compel the other to perform if it has not itself performed its obligations. Since MELOHOLDINGS Ltd had already signed the fourth amendment and UMUJYI WA KIGALI refused to sign and instead prepared a new amendment, the latter's conduct constituted obstruction. Therefore, MELOHOLDINGS Ltd was not required to sign again, and UMUJYI WA KIGALI's termination of the contract was unlawful. The court affirmed the lower courts' awards for delivered goods and expected profits on the remaining part of the contract.

Source excerpt

  • Breach of contract
  • Reciprocal obligations
  • Damages for breach
  • Appeal procedure
  • Precedent application
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Civil procedure

IMIRONGO CoA - No 17 - April - 2024

Court
Court of Appeal

The Court of Appeal reaffirmed that its jurisdiction in second appeals is strictly limited to cases involving lack of jurisdiction, application of non-existent or inapplicable law, or judgments rendered by unauthorized judges. Procedural errors not affecting jurisdiction or fundamental rights must be addressed through other legal remedies, not second appeals. Mitigating circumstances must be timely raised and substantiated. Contracts for immovable property require authentic form. Bankruptcy proceedings suspend most claims except secured ones. Public procurement contractors bear liability for…

Source excerpt

  • Appellate review
  • Burden of proof
  • Sentencing guidelines
  • Precedent application
  • Contract validity
  • Bankruptcy proceedings
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Criminal law

IMIRONGO CoA Booklet no 5

Court
Court of Appeal

The Court of Appeal established that procedural fairness requires appeal periods to be calculated from the date judgment reading minutes are entered into the official system if there is a delay, not from the oral pronouncement. Withholding tax obligations apply regardless of explicit mention in judgments. The distinction between commercial and civil acts depends on the nature and purpose of the act, not the status of the actor. Recusal of judges requires objective evidence of bias existing before the case. Sentencing must consider proportionality and mitigating factors, allowing for reduction…

Source excerpt

  • Sexual offenses against minors
  • Withholding tax
  • Civil liability (responsabilitĂ© civile)
  • Recusal of judges
  • Sentencing principles
  • Appeals procedure
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About this LexChat collection

Rwanda decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.

Source links and collection timestamps are retained alongside the indexed records.