The trial court lacked jurisdiction to try the appellant as he was a minor at the time of the offence; proceedings, conviction, and sentence are nullified.
Failure to serve the mandatory 90 days' statutory notice of intention to sue on government defendants renders the suit incompetent and liable to be struck out, regardless of whether government officers are sued jointly with non-government parties.
The trial court had jurisdiction to try the economic offence as the consent and certificate conferring jurisdiction were present in the court record and endorsed; procedural objections raised by the appellants are not supported by current law and do not invalidate the proceedings.
The prosecution failed to prove the charge beyond reasonable doubt because the alleged prohibited liquor was not tendered as an exhibit during the full trial after the appellant changed his plea to not guilty, leaving a critical evidentiary gap.
The appeal was dismissed because the search was lawfully conducted as an emergency search, the certificate of seizure was valid despite lacking a precise address, the chain of custody was properly maintained, and the prosecution proved the charges of trafficking and unlawful possession of narcotic drugs beyond reasonable doubt. The trial magistrate properly evaluated the evidence and the appellant's complaints were unfounded.
The search was lawful as PW2 was a qualified officer; the procedural error in admitting exhibits did not prejudice the appellant and was curable; the chain of custody was intact; and the prosecution proved beyond reasonable doubt that the appellant was found in unlawful possession of bhang.
The Court of Appeal held that the subordinate court lacked jurisdiction in an economic offences case because the required consent and certificate were not formally filed and admitted.
The High Court allowed a criminal appeal against a drug trafficking conviction, finding an illegal warrantless search, a missing material witness, and key evidence excluded.
The chain of custody of exhibits was broken and not properly documented or established, rendering the evidence unreliable. The trophy disposal proceedings suffered procedural flaws, and the prosecution failed to prove the case beyond reasonable doubt. The conviction was unsafe and must be quashed.