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The trial court's failure to afford the appellant the right to mitigate before sentencing was a fundamental breach of natural justice, vitiating the judgment and sentence.
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The trial court exceeded its monetary jurisdiction by ordering rectification of vehicle defects valued above TZS 100,000, as the offence was not among those listed in the Minimum Sentences Act schedules; the first appellate court was correct in setting aside the compensation order.
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Omission to enter a conviction after a finding of guilt is a fatal irregularity that renders the judgment and sentence a nullity; such omission cannot be cured under Section 388 of the Criminal Procedure Act, and the appellate court erred in entering conviction. The proper course is to quash the proceedings and remit the matter to the trial court for a valid judgment.
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The High Court held that the trial court failed to enter a formal conviction before sentencing, making the judgment invalid and requiring the record to be remitted.
The prosecution failed to establish a direct link between the appellants' actions and the cause of death, which was medically determined to be liver failure due to Hepatitis B. The doctrine of common intention was inapplicable due to lack of cogent evidence. The trial judge erred in disregarding expert evidence, in failing to properly instruct assessors on manslaughter, and in not following proper sentencing procedure. The convictions and sentences could not stand.
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The Court of Appeal upheld the unlawful presence conviction but quashed the deportation order and all contempt proceedings for want of lawful procedure.
The conviction was upheld based on the unchallenged confession and recovery of stolen items from the appellant's premises, with no plausible explanation from the appellant. However, the sentence was set aside and substituted with a lawful term due to procedural irregularity in confirmation.
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The conviction was upheld based on the admissibility of the confession and the recovery of stolen items at the appellant's premises, despite minor procedural irregularities. However, the sentence was set aside as it was excessive and not confirmed by the High Court as required by law, and a lawful sentence of three years' imprisonment was substituted.
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The conviction was upheld as the confession was properly admitted without objection and the recovery of stolen items at the appellant's premises was sufficiently established. However, the sentence of fourteen years was set aside as it was illegal for lack of High Court confirmation, and a lawful sentence of three years' imprisonment was imposed.
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The High Court allowed a criminal appeal, holding that five years was too long for recent possession of a stolen gun and quashing the conviction and sentence.
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