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This section says that payment of any subscription price or other consideration owed to the company for an option right or similar right follows the rules on payment, cash payment, in-kind contribution, and late-payment consequences in chapter 13, sections 9–11 and section 12(1).

Option rights and other rights referred to in section 1 must be registered in a verifiable way.

When shares are issued under this chapter, the rules in Chapter 13, sections 6 and 8–15 on paid share issues apply, but the deadline for registering a new share in Chapter 13, section 13(2) does not apply.

When paying a subscription price or other consideration for an option right or similar right, the payment rules in Chapter 13 sections 9–11 and section 12(1) apply; the same share-issue-decision rules also apply to the decision referred to in Chapter 3 section 3.

Share capital may be increased in three ways: by capitalising subscription prices, by transferring funds from free equity or the building reserve, or by making a capital contribution that is required to be entered into share capital.

This section says that share issuance is generally subject to the rules on paid share issues in Chapter 13, and that the same share-issue-decision rules apply to the decision referred to in Chapter 7, Section 3. It also exempts share issuance under this chapter from the registration deadline for a new share in Chapter 13, Section 13(2).

The general meeting decides on a share capital increase; it may authorize the board to decide, but the authorization must be registered within one month and lasts one year unless a shorter period is set.

The share capital may be increased in three ways: by treating subscription price as share capital, by transferring funds from free equity or a building fund, or by making a contribution that is agreed to be recorded as share capital.

The board decides on a share capital increase based on a capital contribution, and the decision must state the amount of the increase and the contribution it is based on.

Yhtiökokous päättää rahastokorotuksesta; se voi myös valtuuttaa hallituksen päättämään siitä, jos päätöksessä määrätään enimmäismäärä.

A share capital increase other than one based on the subscription price of new shares must be registered promptly, and the registration notice must include specified declarations or evidence.

Hallitus päättää osakepääomasijoitukseen perustuvasta osakepääoman korottamisesta, ja päätöksessä on mainittava korotuksen määrä sekä sitä koskeva sijoitus.

A company may take a subordinated loan, but repayment, interest, and security are tightly restricted.

Certain share capital increases must be registered promptly, with required attachments, and after registration the payer cannot rely on an unmet condition to escape the transaction.

Capital loan agreements must be made in writing.

Yhtiö may take a subordinated loan if the repayment and interest terms in the section are met, and the company or its subsidiary must not give security for payment of principal or interest.

The general meeting may decide on distributing or reducing share capital, or using it to cover losses, but share capital may not be reduced below the minimum share capital.

Subordinated loan agreements must be in writing; some changes or security arrangements are invalid if they conflict with section 1(1).

Certain creditors may oppose a share capital reduction, but the right is removed in specified cases.

The general meeting may decide on distribution or reduction of share capital, or use it to cover losses, but share capital may not be reduced below the minimum share capital. The decision must state the reduction amount or maximum amount and how it will be used.

If creditors have a right to object, the company must register the share capital reduction and apply for a notice from the registration authority within one month of the reduction decision, or the decision lapses.

Certain company creditors may oppose a share capital reduction, unless the reduction is used to cover losses or the share capital is increased by at least the reduction amount.

Rekisteriviranomaisen on annettava kuulutus velkojille, julkaistava se virallisessa lehdessä ja rekisteröitävä se; yhtiön on lähetettävä kirjallinen ilmoitus velkojille, ja velkojilla on oikeus vastustaa alentamista kirjallisesti määräpäivään mennessä.

If creditors have a right to object under section 2(1), the company must, within one month of the capital-reduction decision, register the reduction and apply to the registry authority for issuance of the notice; otherwise the decision lapses.

Rekisteriviranomaisen on rekisteröitävä osakepääoman alentaminen tietyissä velkojaa koskevissa tilanteissa.

The registry authority must notify creditors, publish and register the notice, and the company must send written notice to creditors before the deadline. Creditors have the right to object in writing by the stated deadline.

Yhtiön on ilmoitettava tietyt osakepääoman alentamispäätökset rekisteröitäviksi kuukauden kuluessa, ja alentaminen sekä siihen liittyvä korotus on ilmoitettava samalla kertaa.

Rekisteriviranomaisen on rekisteröitävä osakepääoman alentaminen, jos velkoja ei vastusta sitä tai on saanut maksun tai turvaavan vakuuden. Jos velkoja vastustaa, käsittelyä voidaan lykätä tietyissä tilanteissa, ja alentaminen tulee voimaan vasta rekisteröinnistä.

The articles of association may give company or shareholder creditors the right to object to an amendment or deviation from an articles provision, using the procedure in sections 3–5.

The company must file a share capital reduction decision for registration within one month, or the decision lapses. The reduction is treated as completed when the decision is registered.

Yhtiö voi päättää hankkia omia osakkeitaan, lunastaa toiselle siirtyvän osakkeen tietyllä lunastuslausekkeella tai ottaa omia osakkeitaan pantiksi.

The articles of association may give the company’s or a shareholder’s creditors the right to oppose certain changes or departures from a provision, using the 3–5 § procedure.

The chapter’s rules on acquiring, redeeming, and taking a company’s own shares as security do not apply in listed merger, demerger, auction, or free-of-charge situations.

A company may decide, in the manner set out in this chapter, to acquire its own shares, redeem a share transferred to another person under a redemption clause, and take its own shares as pledge.

A company may keep, cancel, or transfer onward its own shares that it has acquired, redeemed, or otherwise obtained.

This section says the chapter’s rules on acquiring, redeeming, and taking a company’s own shares as collateral do not apply in certain cases.

The general meeting decides on acquisition and redemption of the company’s own shares, by qualified majority, and the company may not acquire or redeem all of its own shares.

The company may keep, cancel, or transfer onward its own shares that it has acquired, redeemed, or otherwise received.

A decision on acquisition or redemption of shares must state the required details, including what kind of decision it is, which shares are covered, who the shares are taken from, the timing, the consideration, and the effect on the company’s equity.

The general meeting decides on the company’s acquisition and redemption of its own shares, and the decision must meet the qualified majority requirement.

The board may decide to cancel the company’s own shares; the cancellation must be notified for registration without delay. Shares acquired or redeemed contrary to the law must be transferred without undue delay, and no later than one year after acquisition; if not transferred in time, they must be cancelled.

The decision must state the key details of a share acquisition or redemption, including what type it is, how many shares are covered, the seller or redemption target, timing, consideration, and the effect on the company’s equity.

A company may take its own shares as collateral.

Hallitus voi päättää yhtiön hallussa olevien omien osakkeiden mitätöinnistä.

A company and its subsidiary may not subscribe the company’s shares for consideration, and share subscribers are jointly liable for paying the subscription price unless they prove they opposed the subscription or did not know and should not have known about it.

A company may take its own shares as collateral, and the decision must be made in the same way as for acquiring its own shares.

Asunto-osakeyhtiö voi tietyin ehdoin sulautua toiseen asunto-osakeyhtiöön, muuhun osakeyhtiöön, osuuskuntaan tai asumisoikeusyhdistykseen.

A company or its subsidiary must not subscribe the company’s own shares for consideration.

This section says a merger may be carried out as an absorption merger or a combination merger, and it defines subsidiary mergers, triangular mergers, and participating companies.

A housing company may merge into another housing company or another company, and the merger consideration may include shares, cash, other property, or commitments.

Merger-participant boards must prepare a written merger plan, date it, and sign it; in a tri-party merger, the merger consideration provider must also sign it.

This provision explains the ways a merger can be carried out and defines subsidiary and triangular mergers.

Merger company boards must appoint one or more auditors to give a statement on the merger plan, and the auditor must assess the plan’s information and, for the receiving company, whether the merger could endanger debt repayment.

The boards of the companies in a merger must prepare a written merger plan, and they must date and sign it. In a triangular merger, the party giving merger consideration must also sign the plan.

The merger plan must be filed for registration within one month of signing, and a section 4 statement must be attached.

Mergers: the boards must appoint one or more auditors to give an opinion on the merger plan, and the auditor must assess the information about merger consideration; for the receiving company, the opinion must also say whether the merger may endanger debt repayment.

The registry authority must issue and publish a notice to certain merger creditors, and those creditors may object in writing by the stated deadline.

The merger plan must be filed for registration within one month after it is signed.

Yhtiön on lähetettävä kirjallinen ilmoitus tunnetuille velkojille viimeistään kuukausi ennen määräpäivää. Joissakin tilanteissa ilmoitus voidaan lähettää vasta yhtiökokouksen jälkeen, mutta se voidaan lähettää aiemmin, jos kaikki lunastusoikeuden haltijat luopuvat oikeudestaan tai heillä ei muuten ole sitä.

Certain merger creditors may object in writing, and the registering authority must issue and publish the notice on request.

In certain group mergers tied to a reorganization program, a creditor may not oppose the merger; the merger plan and its annexes must be attached to the proposal for the reorganization program.

Yhtiön on lähetettävä tietyille tunnetuille velkojille kirjallinen ilmoitus viimeistään kuukausi ennen määräpäivää.

The merger is decided by the general meeting, but in a subsidiary merger the merging company’s board may decide. The meeting deciding the merger must be held within four months of registering the merger plan, and generally no later than one month before the date in section 6 unless the relevant rights holders waive redemption.

Velkoja ei saa vastustaa sulautumista tietyissä konsernin sisäisissä saneeraustilanteissa, ja sulautumissuunnitelma liitteineen on liitettävä saneerausohjelmaehdotukseen.

Sulautuvan asunto-osakeyhtiön on ilmoitettava lunastusoikeudesta tietyille osakkeisiin oikeuttavien oikeuksien haltijoille viimeistään kaksi viikkoa ja aikaisintaan kaksi kuukautta ennen yhtiökokousta.

The merger decision is made by the general meeting, with a board option for subsidiary mergers, and the meeting must be held within four months after the merger plan is registered.

Before the merger decision meeting, certain merger documents must be kept available for shareholders to inspect, sent without delay to any shareholder who asks, and shown at the meeting.

The merging housing company must notify certain share-option and other special-rights holders about the redemption right before the general meeting, and if not all addresses are known, it must also publish the notice in the official gazette.

If a merger is not approved unchanged in every participating company, the merger lapses. A rejection decision or the lapse must be filed for registration immediately.

Before a merger meeting, certain merger documents must be kept available to shareholders, sent promptly to a requesting shareholder, and shown at the meeting.

Option-right holders and similar share-linked right holders may demand redemption in a merger, and the receiving company must pay the redemption price under the stated timing and valuation rules.

The merger decision replaces certain merger-related entries and acts, and in a combination merger the merger plan also replaces the receiving company’s founding agreement. If the merger is not approved unchanged in all participating companies, the merger lapses, and the rejection or lapse must be reported for registration without delay.

Sulautumiseen osallistuvien yhtiöiden on ilmoitettava sulautumisen täytäntöönpanosta rekisteriviranomaiselle kuuden kuukauden kuluessa sulautumispäätöksestä, muuten sulautuminen raukeaa.

Option and other special-rights holders may demand redemption in a merger, and related payment and filing deadlines apply.

The registration authority must register a merger if the creditor has not objected or has already been paid or secured by court judgment.

Sulautumiseen osallistuvien yhtiöiden on ilmoitettava sulautumisen täytäntöönpanosta rekisteriviranomaiselle kuuden kuukauden kuluessa päätöksestä, muuten sulautuminen raukeaa.

Sulautumisen jälkeen varat ja velat siirtyvät vastaanottavalle yhtiölle, mutta niitä ei saa kirjata yli taloudellisen arvon. Sulautuvan yhtiön osakkeenomistajille ja tietyille oikeuksien haltijoille syntyy oikeus sulautumisvastikkeeseen, ja uusien osakkeiden oikeudet alkavat yleensä rekisteröinnistä. Jos vastiketta ei vaadita määräajassa erityistoimia edellyttävissä tilanteissa, yhtiökokous voi päättää oikeuden menetyksestä.

Rekisteriviranomaisen on rekisteröitävä sulautuminen tietyissä tilanteissa, mutta ei saa rekisteröidä sitä ilman kiinnitysten etuoikeussopimuksen rekisteröintiä, ja sen on ilmoitettava velkojan vastustuksesta yhtiölle viipymättä.

After a merger takes effect, the merging company’s board and managing director must prepare the final accounts and annual report promptly, and the board must then call a shareholders’ meeting and file the final accounts for registration.

When a merger is registered, the merging company’s assets and liabilities move to the receiving company, and the merging company is dissolved; in a combination merger, the receiving company is created.

Jos sulautumispäätös on tuomioistuimen lainvoimaisen tuomion mukaan pätemätön, jo rekisteröity sulautuminen peruuntuu.

The merging company’s board and managing director must prepare final accounts and a report soon after the merger is implemented, then the final accounts must be given to auditors if one must be appointed, and the board must call a shareholder meeting and arrange registration.

For a mutual real estate company referred to in chapter 28, section 2, this section says the chapter’s rules apply in addition to the company law provisions on cross-border mergers in chapter 16, sections 19–28.

If a merger decision is finally found invalid by a court judgment, the merger is cancelled even if it was already registered.

An asunto-osakeyhtiö may divide so that its assets and liabilities transfer partly or fully to one or more receiving companies, and the shareholders receive consideration in shares; the consideration may also be cash, other property, or commitments.

A mutual real estate company referred to in chapter 28 section 2 must also follow the provisions of chapter 16 sections 19–28 of the Companies Act on cross-border mergers.

This section defines types of demerger and the companies involved.

A housing company that is being divided may divide by transferring some or all assets and liabilities to one or more receiving companies, and shareholders may receive shares in the receiving company as division consideration; the consideration may also be cash, other property, or commitments.

Participating companies’ boards must prepare a written division plan and date and sign it.

This section defines types of company division and the companies involved.

Jakautumiseen osallistuvien yhtiöiden hallitusten on nimettävä tilintarkastaja laatimaan lausunto jakautumissuunnitelmasta. Lausunnossa arvioidaan suunnitelman tietojen riittävyys ja oikeellisuus sekä tietyissä lausunnoissa myös velkojen maksun vaarantuminen.

The boards of the companies involved in a demerger must prepare a written demerger plan, and it must be dated and signed.

Jakautumissuunnitelma on ilmoitettava rekisteröitäväksi kuukauden kuluessa allekirjoittamisesta, ja ilmoitukseen on liitettävä 4 §:ssä tarkoitettu lausunto.

The boards of the companies involved in a demerger must appoint one or more auditors to give an opinion on the demerger plan.

Velkojilla on oikeus vastustaa jakautumista, ja rekisteriviranomaisen on annettava ja julkaistava kuulutus hakemuksesta.

The division plan must be filed for registration within one month of signing, and the filing must include the statement referred to in section 4.

The company must send a written notice to certain known creditors at least one month before the deadline date.

Creditors may oppose the division, and the registry authority must issue and publish a notice about that right when the divided company applies.

Under this section, a creditor may not oppose a division if the participating companies are in the same group and the related restructuring programme is approved at the same time.

Yhtiön on lähetettävä kirjallinen ilmoitus tietyille tunnetuille velkojille viimeistään kuukausi ennen määräpäivää.

In a demerger, the shareholders’ meeting decides the matter, and the meeting must be held within the stated time limits.

Velkojalla ei ole oikeutta vastustaa jakautumista tietyissä konserni- ja saneeraustilanteissa, ja jakautumissuunnitelma liitteineen on liitettävä saneerausohjelmaehdotukseen.

The dividing company must notify eligible option and special-right holders about the redemption right before the general meeting, and publish the notice in the official gazette if not all addresses are known.

The shareholders’ meeting decides on the division, with specific approval rules and deadlines.

Certain split-related documents must be kept available to shareholders for at least two weeks before the general meeting, sent promptly to a requesting shareholder, and shown at the meeting.

Jakautuvan yhtiön on ilmoitettava 13 §:n mukaisesta lunastusoikeudesta tietyille optio-oikeuksien ja muiden erityisten oikeuksien haltijoille ennen yhtiökokousta.

A division decision replaces certain shareholder and rights-holder entries and acts, and the division plan also replaces the receiving company’s formation agreement. If the division is not approved unchanged in all participating companies, the division lapses.

Tiettyjen jakautumista koskevien asiakirjojen on oltava osakkeenomistajien nähtävänä vähintään kaksi viikkoa ennen jakautumisesta päättävää yhtiökokousta, ja ne on annettava pyytävälle osakkeenomistajalle viivytyksettä sekä asetettava nähtäväksi yhtiökokouksessa.

Warrant and other special-right holders can demand redemption in a demerger, but they must start the matter within one month if no agreement is reached; the redemption price is fair value before the demerger decision plus interest.

If a division is not approved unchanged in all participating companies, the division lapses, and the rejection decision or lapse must be notified for registration without delay.

Jakautumiseen osallistuvien yhtiöiden on ilmoitettava jakautumisen täytäntöönpanosta rekisteriviranomaiselle kuuden kuukauden kuluessa jakautumispäätöksestä, muuten jakautuminen raukeaa.

A holder of certain option rights and other share-related special rights may demand redemption in the split meeting or by submitting a proven claim before the meeting; the split company must report the number of claims before the split decision.

The registration authority must register a division if the creditor has not objected or has already been paid or secured by court judgment.

Jakautumiseen osallistuvien yhtiöiden on ilmoitettava jakautumisen täytäntöönpanosta rekisteriviranomaiselle kuuden kuukauden kuluessa päätöksestä, muuten jakautuminen raukeaa.

This section sets out the legal effects of a division: assets and liabilities transfer to recipient companies when registration is completed, shareholders and certain other rights holders get division consideration, and a receiving company meeting may later forfeit unclaimed consideration in some cases.

The register authority must register a division if the creditor has not objected or has been paid or secured by court judgment.

In a full division, the company’s board and managing director must prepare final accounts and a report, the auditors must give an audit report if one is required, the board must call shareholders to approve the final accounts, and the final accounts must be filed for registration.

This section sets out the legal effects of a company demerger, including transfer of assets and liabilities, shareholder entitlement to demerger consideration, time limits, and creditor protection.

If a division decision is invalid under a final court judgment, the division is cancelled even if it was already registered.

After a demerger is implemented, the board and managing director must prepare final accounts quickly, send them to auditors if an auditor is required, and the board must then call a shareholders’ meeting and file the final accounts for registration.

The provision says that a mutual real estate company referred to in Chapter 28, Section 2 is also subject to the rules in this chapter and to the Companies Act rules on cross-border divisions in Chapter 17, Sections 19–27.

If the demerger decision is invalid by final court judgment, the demerger is cancelled even after registration.

A housing company may be converted into another limited liability company, and a housing company with at least three shareholders may be converted into a cooperative.

Keskinäiseen kiinteistöosakeyhtiöön sovelletaan tämän luvun lisäksi myös osakeyhtiölain 17 luvun rajat ylittäviä jakautumisia koskevia 19–27 §:iä.

Yhtiökokous päättää yhteisömuodon muutoksesta yksimielisesti, ja päätökseen tarvitaan myös muiden osakkeenomistajien sekä tiettyjen erityisten oikeuksien haltijoiden suostumus.

A housing company may be converted into another limited company. If it has at least three shareholders, it may also be converted into a cooperative.

Yhtiön on ilmoitettava yhteisömuodon muutospäätös rekisteröitäväksi kuukauden kuluessa päätöksestä, ja jos asunto-osakeyhtiö muutetaan osuuskunnaksi, sen on myös haettava kuulutuksen antamista rekisteriviranomaiselta.

The general meeting decides on the cooperative’s change of legal form, but the decision must be unanimous and have the required consents. The decision must also include the cooperative’s rules, member shares, and names of the first board and any other required officeholders.

The registering authority must issue and publish a notice to certain creditors, and the company must send written notice to known creditors before the deadline date.

Yhtiön on ilmoitettava yhteisömuodon muutosta koskeva päätös rekisteröitäväksi kuukauden kuluessa päätöksestä.

Rekisteriviranomaisen on rekisteröitävä yhteisömuodon muutos, jos velkoja ei ole vastustanut sitä tai on saanut maksun tai turvaavan vakuuden. Jos velkoja vastustaa muutosta, käsittelyä on lykättävä tietyissä tilanteissa.

The registrar must give and publish a notice to certain creditors, and the company must notify known creditors before the deadline.

A company must be dissolved under this chapter’s liquidation rules. A bankrupt company is treated as dissolved if no assets remain at the end of bankruptcy or the assets have been dealt with in the bankruptcy. A company may also dissolve because of a merger or demerger under Chapters 19 and 20.

Rekisteriviranomaisen on rekisteröitävä yhteisömuodon muutos, jos velkoja ei vastusta sitä tai jos velkoja on saanut maksun tai turvaavan vakuuden. Tietyissä tilanteissa käsittelyä on lykättävä, ja muutos voi raueta, jos velkoja vastustaa sitä.

Rekisteriviranomaisen on tietyissä tilanteissa poistettava yhtiö rekisteristä sen sijaan, että yhtiö asetetaan selvitystilaan.

A company must be dissolved under this chapter’s liquidation rules, and a bankrupt company is treated as dissolved if no assets remain or their use has been decided in bankruptcy.

The general meeting decides whether to place the company into liquidation, in the manner referred to in Chapter 6, Sections 37 and 38.

Registry authority must remove a company from the register, instead of putting it into liquidation, if the company’s assets are insufficient or unknown and no shareholder, creditor, or other person says they will cover the liquidation costs.

The register authority must order a company into liquidation or remove it from the register if it lacks a registered competent board, lacks a registered representative, or has gone bankrupt and the bankruptcy has lapsed for lack of assets.

The general meeting decides whether to place the company into liquidation.

Rekisteriviranomaisen on kehotettava yhtiötä korjaamaan rekisteritietojen puutteet, ja kehotus voidaan joutua lähettämään kirjallisesti, julkaisemaan virallisessa lehdessä sekä merkitsemään rekisteriin.

Rekisteriviranomaisen on määrättävä yhtiö selvitystilaan tai poistettavaksi rekisteristä, jos tietyt rekisteröinti- tai konkurssiedellytykset täyttyvät.

Certain company-related persons, and anyone whose rights may depend on proper registration or dissolution, may initiate a dissolution or register-removal matter; the registry authority may also take it up on its own initiative.

Rekisteriviranomaisen on kehotettava yhtiötä korjaamaan rekisteritiedoissa olevat puutteet, tarvittaessa kirjallisesti ja julkaisulla, ja osakkeenomistajille sekä velkojille on annettava mahdollisuus tehdä kirjallisia huomautuksia määräpäivään mennessä.

Liquidation is meant to settle the company’s assets and debts, and if assets are not enough to pay debts, the liquidators must seek bankruptcy.

Certain listed persons may initiate a liquidation or removal-from-register case, and the register authority may also take the matter up on its own initiative.

Liquidation starts when the decision is made, unless the shareholders’ meeting sets a later start date.

This provision states the purpose of liquidation proceedings and requires liquidators to petition for bankruptcy if the company’s assets are not enough to pay its debts.

When a company enters liquidation, one or more liquidation trustees must be appointed, and they take over company affairs during liquidation.

Liquidation begins when the decision to start it has been made, unless the shareholders' meeting sets a later start date.

If the shareholders’ meeting decides on liquidation and liquidators, the liquidators must promptly notify the decision for registration.

When liquidation is decided, one or more liquidators must be appointed to replace the board and any managing director; liquidators manage the company’s affairs during liquidation and the registration authority must appoint one if none exists.

During liquidation, the liquidators must prepare missing pre-liquidation financial statements if needed, and certain financial statements and the annual report must be audited when the company is required to appoint an auditor or lay auditor. Board members and the managing director must help prepare the financial statements for reasonable compensation.

Liquidators must promptly notify the decision for registration after the shareholders’ meeting has decided on liquidation and liquidators.

A company in liquidation is generally subject to the Act’s company-meeting rules, unless this chapter provides otherwise.

Selvitysmiesten on tarvittaessa laadittava tilinpäätös ennen selvitystilaa olevalta esittämättä jääneeltä ajalta. Hallituksen jäsenen ja isännöitsijän on kohtuullista palkkiota vastaan avustettava tilinpäätöksen laatimisessa.

Selvitysmiehet must prepare annual accounts and a management report for each fiscal year and present them to the general meeting for approval. Auditors’ duties continue during liquidation, and their reports must state whether liquidation has been unnecessarily prolonged and whether the liquidators acted properly.

Selvitystilassa olevan yhtiön yhtiökokoukseen sovelletaan tämän lain yhtiökokousta koskevia säännöksiä, ellei tässä luvussa säädetä toisin.

Selvitysmiesten on haettava julkinen haaste yhtiön velkojille.

Selvitysmiesten on laadittava jokaiselta tilikaudelta tilinpäätös ja toimintakertomus ja vietävä ne varsinaisen yhtiökokouksen hyväksyttäviksi.

Selvitysmiesten on jaettava yhtiön omaisuus velkojen maksun jälkeen; osakkeenomistajalla on oikeus osuutensa yhtiön netto-omaisuudesta, ellei yhtiöjärjestys toisin määrää.

Selvitysmiesten on haettava julkinen haaste yhtiön velkojille.

Selvitysmiesten on viivytyksettä tehtäviensä päätyttyä annettava lopputilitys ja laadittava kertomus selvitysmenettelystä. Tietyissä tilanteissa myös tilintarkastajien tai toiminnantarkastajien on annettava oma kertomuksensa kuukauden kuluessa.

Selvitysmiesten on velkojen maksun jälkeen jaettava yhtiön omaisuus; osakkaalla on oikeus hänen osuutensa netto-omaisuudesta, ja jakoon liittyy määräajat ja mahdollisuus ennakkoon vakuutta vastaan.

The company is treated as dissolved once the liquidators present the final accounts at the general meeting, and the liquidators must promptly register the dissolution.

Liquidators must promptly prepare a final report, include required financial materials, give it to any auditors if one must be appointed, and then call shareholders’ meeting and register the final accounts.

If liquidation continues, the liquidators must notify the registration authority, send notices to shareholders, and report their measures; liquidation is not continued if there are insufficient assets or no one covers the costs.

The company is treated as dissolved when the liquidators present the final accounts at the general meeting, and the liquidators must promptly register the dissolution.

If a company is in liquidation, the shareholders’ meeting may decide to end the liquidation and continue the company, but only under the stated consent rules and not if a distribution share has already been paid.

If liquidation continues, the liquidators must file a prompt notice, summon the first shareholders’ meeting under the articles, and send written notice to known shareholders. If continuation is not needed, they may handle the necessary steps and report them to shareholders and others entitled to a distribution share. Liquidation is not continued when assets are insufficient and no one takes responsibility for the costs.

A company is removed from the register when the decision is entered in the register.

If a company has entered liquidation, the shareholders’ meeting may decide to end the liquidation and continue the business, but only with unanimous meeting approval and the other shareholders’ consent; the business cannot be resumed in some cases, and the company must then appoint management, register the decision promptly, and the liquidators must give a final account.

Rekisteristä poistettua yhtiötä edustaa tarvittaessa yksi tai useampi edustaja.

A company is removed from the register when the decision about the removal has been entered in the register.

After a company is removed from the register, its representatives may act to pay debts or preserve assets, but company assets cannot be distributed without liquidation unless the stated exception applies.

A deregistered company is represented, when needed, by one or more representatives.

If the company’s equity is negative, the board must promptly file a register notice about loss of share capital.

Rekisteristä poistetun yhtiön edustajat voivat tehdä välttämättömiä toimia velkojen maksamiseksi tai omaisuuden säilyttämiseksi, mutta yhtiön varoja ei yleensä saa jakaa ilman selvitystä.

A company restructuring application may be made by a shareholder meeting decision, and in urgent matters the board may file it; if the board files, it must promptly convene a shareholder meeting to consider continuing the application.

If a company’s equity is negative, the board must promptly file a registry notice about loss of share capital.

This section says a company’s assets may be placed into bankruptcy by the board, or by liquidators if the company is in liquidation.

A company reorganization application may be made by a shareholders’ meeting decision, and the board may also file it if the matter is urgent.

A shareholder may challenge a general meeting decision if the procedure was defective and affected the decision or the shareholder’s rights, or if the decision otherwise conflicts with the law or the articles of association.

During bankruptcy, the company’s assets may be assigned to bankruptcy, the company is represented by specified persons, and the board must promptly call a shareholders’ meeting and file a registration notice if the business will continue.

Tietyissä tilanteissa yhtiökokouksen päätös on mitätön, ja määräajasta on erilliset säännöt kanteen nostamiselle.

A shareholder may challenge a general meeting resolution on specified procedural or legal grounds, and the action must be filed within three months of the decision.

A board decision in a matter that belongs to the general meeting is handled like the corresponding general meeting decision if it falls under section 2(1)(2–4).

A shareholder meeting resolution is void if the meeting notice was not given or was seriously defective, required shareholder consent was missing, the resolution clearly violates the equality principle without the needed consent, or the resolution could not legally have been made even with everyone’s consent.

A plaintiff can ask the court to declare a challenged company meeting decision invalid or change it, and to forbid the company from enforcing an invalid decision.

If the board makes a decision in a matter that belongs to the shareholders’ meeting and the decision is of the kind described in section 2(1)(2–4), the rules for the corresponding shareholders’ meeting decision apply.

Board members and property managers must compensate damage they cause in office through negligent or intentional breaches, and a management company plus the principal manager are liable if the manager is a management company.

Moitekanteen yhteydessä tuomioistuin voi kantajan pyynnöstä julistaa päätöksen pätemättömäksi, muuttaa sitä tai kieltää yhtiötä panemasta päätöstä täytäntöön.

Shareholders must compensate damage they cause by aiding a breach of the law or articles of association, and in some repair cases the company must repair damaged interior parts while the responsible shareholder reimburses the company’s repair costs.

A registered right holder can challenge a shareholder meeting decision that changes certain apartment or share-group data without consent.

Yhtiökokouksen puheenjohtajan on korvattava vahinko, որը hän aiheuttaa tehtävässään rikkomalla tätä lakia tai yhtiöjärjestystä tahallaan tai huolimattomuudesta.

Hallituksen jäsenen ja isännöitsijän on korvattava yhtiölle, osakkeenomistajalle tai muulle henkilölle aiheuttamansa vahinko, jos se johtuu tehtävän hoitamisesta huolimattomasti, tahallisesti, tai lain tai yhtiöjärjestyksen rikkomisesta.

This section says the auditor’s damage-liability rule is set out in Chapter 10, Section 9 of the Auditing Act.

A shareholder must compensate damage caused by intentional or negligent breach of the act or articles of association, and may also have to reimburse repair costs for damage linked to maintenance-related defects. The company must repair affected interior parts in the stated apartment-damage scenario.

Toiminnantarkastaja must compensate damage caused intentionally or negligently in performing the task, and also damage caused by violating the law or the company articles.

The chair of the general meeting must compensate damage caused in the role by violating the law or the articles of association, either intentionally or through negligence.