民事訴訟法

法院書記官應製作調解筆錄，記載調解是否成立、期日延展或訴訟辯論；在調解委員主持時，調解委員可自行只記錄不成立或延展期日情形。

In mediation, the committee member’s or judge’s guidance, and the parties’ statements or concessions, cannot be used as the basis for a decision in later litigation if mediation fails.

調解不成立後，起訴者要把調解程序費用算入訴訟費用；如果不起訴，則由聲請人負擔。

If a case under Article 403(1) is filed directly with the court, the complaint should state the grounds under Article 406(1) and include supporting evidence.

If a mediation request is withdrawn, it is treated as if mediation had never been requested.

法官、書記官及調解委員在經辦調解事件時，對於因此知悉的他人職務上、業務上秘密或涉及個人隱私事項，應保密。

部分財產權訴訟金額在新臺幣50萬元以下時，適用簡易程序；列舉的12類案件不受金額限制。

司法院有權就同一地方法院以簡易程序審理的事件，訂定事務分配辦法。

原告在起訴時，對特定事項可以只說明請求的原因事實；起訴及其他期日外的聲明或陳述，原則上可以用口頭方式提出。

以言詞起訴時，起訴筆錄和言詞辯論期日通知書要一併送達被告；就審期間原則上至少五日，但有急迫情形者不受此限。

If one of the selected persons under Article 41 loses qualification because of death or another reason, the remaining selected persons may carry out litigation acts for everyone.

言詞辯論期日通知書應載明適用簡易訴訟程序，並記載當事人應於期日攜帶所用證物及所舉證人到場。

If a party believes the other side cannot respond without preparation, the party must file a preparatory brief or answer brief before the deadline and directly notify the other side; if the statement is oral, the court clerk must make a record and serve it on the other side.

當事人雙方在法院通常開庭日可以不必等通知，自己到場進行言詞辯論。

法院通知證人或鑑定人時，得依其認為便宜的方法，不一定送達通知書；但如果證人或鑑定人未於期日到場，仍應送達通知書。

簡易訴訟程序事件原則上由法院在一次期日內辯論終結。

法院許可時，言詞辯論筆錄可以省略應記載事項；但當事人有異議時，不適用。

在言詞辯論期日，如果一方當事人不到場，法院可以依職權進行一造辯論並作成判決。

法院可以把判決書的事實與理由要點合併記載、引用相關文書，必要時也可以作為附件；宣示判決時，還可以把主文和事實、理由要點記入言詞辯論筆錄，代替另作判決書。

在特定情況下，判決書可以只記載主文，不必載明其他內容。

在特定情況下，法院應改用通常訴訟程序，但若當事人同意，仍可繼續適用簡易程序。

Simplified litigation procedures are conducted before a single judge.

This provision lets parties appeal or file a special appeal against certain first-instance summary-procedure judgments to the local district court, and against certain judgments switching to ordinary procedure to the competent high court.

依小額程序起訴的人，可以使用表格化訴狀；表格格式由司法院決定。

小額程序可以在夜間、星期日或其他休息日進行；但如果當事人提出異議，就不適用。

If a party fails to appear at a mediation date after lawful notice and without just cause, the court may, on the attending party’s request, move directly to trial argument and may also, on its own initiative, decide the case after argument by one side. The mediation notice must state the effect of nonappearance.

This provision is deleted.

在符合特定情形時，法院可以不調查證據，並依整體情況認定事實、作出公平裁判。

當事人提出訴之變更、追加或反訴時，原則上只能在第四百三十六條之八第一項的範圍內進行；若當事人同意繼續適用小額程序且法院認為適當，則不受此限制。

當事人不得為適用小額程序而只請求一部分金額；但如果已向法院說明剩餘部分不另行起訴，則不受此限制。

Deleted provision.

判決書可以只記載主文；遇到當事人有爭執的事項，必要時可以補記理由要領。

法院在裁定訴訟費用時，應先確定費用額；必要時，法院也可以命當事人提出費用計算書和證明費用額的文件。

簡易訴訟程序第二審裁判的當事人，若上訴利益超過第四百六十六條所定金額，只能以適用法規顯有錯誤為理由，直接向最高法院提起上訴或抗告。

法院在判決被告敗訴時，應依職權宣告假執行。

法院在命被告給付時，若原告同意，得作成免除部分給付的判決，前提是被告能在一定期限內自動清償。

法院在依被告意願作成分期給付或緩期清償判決時，可以在判決內先定被告逾期不履行時應加給原告的金額，但該金額不得超過原給付金額或價額的三分之一。

The listed provisions apply mutatis mutandis to small claims procedure.

小額程序第一審裁判可向有管轄的地方法院提起上訴或抗告，且由合議審理；但對前項裁判的上訴或抗告，除非理由是違背法令，否則不得提出。

An appeal brief must state the reasons for appeal and list the legal rule allegedly violated, its specific content, and the specific facts showing that violation.

This provision lets the second-instance court set aside a first-instance small-claims judgment and send the case back, except in a stated waiver/objection situation.

In second-instance proceedings, a party may not amend the claim, add claims, or file a counterclaim.

當事人在第二審程序不得提出新的攻擊或防禦方法；但若因原法院違背法令而未能提出，則不受此限。

In a small claims second-instance judgment, oral argument may be skipped if both parties agree or if the appeal is clearly without merit.

A third appeal or抗告 against a second-instance judgment in a simplified procedure needs permission from the original court.

In small-amount procedure cases, a second-instance judgment cannot be appealed or challenged by interlocutory appeal.

如果小額程序第一審裁判的上訴或抗告被認為無理由而駁回，當事人不得再以同一理由提起再審。

This article says several other provisions apply, as relevant, to small-claims appeal, interlocutory appeal, and retrial procedures.

提起上訴或抗告的人，原則上要同時說明理由；若是在裁判宣示後、送達前提起，則要在裁判送達後10日內補具理由。

最高法院對於不符合相關規定、且不應許可的上訴或抗告，應以裁定駁回。

If a judgment in a summary procedure is appealed or complained about directly to the Supreme Court and that appeal or complaint is dismissed as unfounded, a retrial may not later be sought on the same grounds.

If a final judgment in a second-instance simplified procedure overlooked important evidence that could affect the judgment, retrial may be filed.

金額在新臺幣10萬元以下的特定請求給付訴訟，適用小額程序；金額在50萬元以下者，當事人可合意適用小額程序，但合意要有書面證明。

在小額事件中，若一方是法人或商人，且同類契約預先約定債務履行地或第一審管轄法院，則第12條或第24條不適用；但若雙方都是法人或商人，則不在此限。

A final judgment at first instance may be appealed to the court with jurisdiction over the second instance, unless another rule applies.

與前條判決有關的、該判決作成前的裁判，由第二審法院審判；但依本法不得聲明不服，或只能以抗告聲明不服的，不在此限。

當事人可以在第一審判決宣示、公告或送達後捨棄上訴權。

被選定人可以代為進行全部訴訟行為；選定人也可以限制其對捨棄、認諾、撤回或和解的權限。

符合條件的公益社團法人社員，可選定該法人代為起訴；在特定金錢賠償案件中，法院也可以只判決全體總額，不逐一認定各人金額。

法院可以在共同利益多人訴訟中公告通知其他共同利益人加入，且公告期間至少20日。

公益目的的社團法人或財團法人，在取得主管機關許可且符合章程目的範圍內，可以對侵害多數人利益的行為人提起不作為之訴。

For the preceding three lawsuits, the court may appoint a lawyer as the plaintiff’s litigation agent if the plaintiff applies, but only when that appointment is necessary to assert or defend rights.

An appeal must be filed within 20 days after service of the first-instance judgment. An appeal filed after oral pronouncement or public announcement, but before service, is also effective.

提起上訴時，必須向原第一審法院提出上訴狀，並寫明法定事項；上訴理由也必須說明撤銷或變更原判決的理由及其事實與證據。

第一審法院對逾期上訴、不得上訴而提起的上訴，應以裁定駁回；若上訴有可補正的不合法情形，法院應命限期補正，逾期未補正的，也應駁回。

第一審法院在上訴未被依前條駁回時，應儘速把上訴狀送達被上訴人；在雙方都上訴，或其他當事人的上訴期間屆滿後，應儘速把卷宗及相關文件送交第二審法院。

If an appeal is inadmissible, the court must dismiss it; if the defect can be fixed, the presiding judge must set a time limit for correction.

If an appeal does not state its reasons, the presiding judge may set a reasonable deadline for the appellant to file reasons. The court must then serve the reasons on the appellee, and the judge may also set deadlines for a reply and a written response. Late filings may be required to explain their delay in writing.

口頭辯論應限於上訴聲明範圍內進行；當事人並應陳述第一審口頭辯論要領，但審判長可改由書記官朗讀相關一審文書。

變更或追加訴訟請求、以及提起反訴，原則上都要經對造同意；但條文列出的特定情形例外。

當事人原則上不得在第二審提出新的攻擊或防禦方法；但符合法定例外時不受限制。

Legal acts done in the first instance remain effective in the second instance.

If the second-instance court finds an appeal groundless, it must dismiss it. Even if the original judgment’s reasoning is flawed, the appeal must still be treated as groundless when the judgment is otherwise correct on other grounds.

If an appeal is made in bad faith, for an improper purpose, or with gross negligence, and the factual or legal claim has no reasonable basis, the second-instance court may impose a fine of up to NT$120,000 on the appellant, legal representative, or litigation agent.

能獨立以法律行為負義務的人，有訴訟能力。

An assisted person generally needs the auxiliary person’s written special consent for waiver, admission, withdrawal, or settlement; consent for other litigation acts must also be evidenced in writing.

第二審法院認為上訴有理由時，必須在上訴聲明範圍內作出廢棄或變更原判決的判決。

If the first-instance proceedings have a serious defect, the second-instance court may vacate the judgment and send the case back, but only when needed to maintain the tiered court system.

In simplified-procedure cases, the second-instance court must not overturn the original judgment just because the first-instance court used ordinary procedure.

Second-instance courts may not vacate a first-instance judgment just because the first-instance court lacked jurisdiction, except where exclusive jurisdiction rules were violated. If a judgment is vacated for lack of first-instance jurisdiction, the case must be transferred to the court with jurisdiction.

Judgments under Article 451(1) and the preceding article(2) may be made without oral argument.

判決書記載事實時，可以引用第一審判決；若當事人提出新的攻擊或防禦方法，相關內容及其意見也要一併記載。

第二審法院在有人聲請時，必須先就與假執行有關的上訴進行辯論並作成裁判。

在符合條件時，第二審法院應依聲請裁定宣告第一審判決的假執行。

In property-rights litigation, if a second-instance court upholds the first-instance judgment, it must declare provisional execution within that scope when requested.

A second-instance court ruling on provisional execution cannot be objected to, except rulings made under Article 395 paragraphs 2 and 3.

上訴人原則上可在終局判決前撤回上訴，但如果被上訴人已提起附帶上訴，須先取得其同意。

A foreign person is treated as having litigation capacity if they lack it under their own law but have it under Republic of China law.

被上訴人可以在言詞辯論終結前提起附帶上訴，但第三審法院發回或發交後不得為之。

If the main appeal is withdrawn or dismissed as unlawful, a cross-appeal loses effect; if the cross-appeal meets the requirements for an appeal, it is treated as an independent appeal.

第二審法院書記官在判決確定後，應迅速把判決正本附入卷宗並送交第一審法院；前項規定也適用於上訴不是因判決而終結的情形。

Unless this chapter says otherwise, the provisions of Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 of the earlier part apply to second-instance proceedings.

A final judgment from the second instance may be appealed to the court with jurisdiction over the third instance, unless another rule provides otherwise.

Certain parties may not appeal a second-instance judgment that upholds the first-instance judgment.

Certain second-instance property-rights judgments may not be appealed if the appeal benefit is at or below NT$1,000,000.

對第二審判決提起上訴時，上訴人原則上要委任律師作為訴訟代理人；符合文中例外者不受此限。

無資力的上訴人可以聲請第三審法院依訴訟救助規定，為其選任律師擔任訴訟代理人；若提出聲請，第二審法院應將卷宗送交第三審法院。

第三審律師酬金屬於訴訟費用的一部分，且其最高額應受限制。

當事人若對第一審通常訴訟程序的終局判決所認定的事實沒有異議，得經合意直接上訴第三審；該合意須以書面證明，並連同上訴狀向原第一審法院提出。

A third-level appeal is not allowed unless it is based on the original judgment violating the law.

A judgment is contrary to law if it fails to apply the law or applies it incorrectly.

This provision says a judgment is deemed contrary to law if any listed procedural defect exists.

對於不屬於前條所列事由的第三審上訴，必須先取得第三審法院許可。

關於訴訟的法定代理，以及訴訟所必要的允許，依民法及其他法令規定。

An appeal must be filed by submitting an appeal petition to the court that made the original judgment, and the petition should state the grounds and required matters.

If an appeal petition does not state the appeal reasons, the appellant must file a reasons statement with the original second-instance court within 20 days after filing the appeal. The appellee may file a response statement within 15 days after service, and the second-instance court must then send the case file to the third-instance court after receiving that response or after the response period expires.

被上訴人和上訴人都可以在第三審程序中提出追加書狀；第三審法院在必要時也可以把前項書狀送達給對方當事人。

被上訴人不得提出附帶上訴；上訴聲明不得變更或擴張。

第三審判決原則上要經言詞辯論；法院認為不必要時例外。第三審法院進行言詞辯論時，原則上應由雙方委任律師代理。

第三審法院原則上只能在上訴聲明範圍內，依上訴理由進行調查。

第三審法院應以原判決確定的事實為判決基礎，但可以斟酌言詞辯論筆錄所記載的當事人陳述事實，以及特定上訴理由中所提出的事實。

第三審法院認為上訴有理由時，應就該部分廢棄原判決。

Except for the cases in Article 469(1) to (5), an original judgment that violates the law but does not affect the result may not be annulled.

第三審法院在第四百六十六條之四所定上訴中，不得因原判決對確定事實違背法令而廢棄該判決。

第三審法院在廢棄原判決後，遇到列舉情形時應自行判決；沒有這些情形時，必要時可將案件發回原法院或交由其他同級法院，且受發回法院要依第三審法院的法律判斷作為判決基礎。

（刪除）

If a legal act is done by someone lacking capacity, legal representative power, or the necessary authorization for litigation, it becomes effective retroactively when later ratified by the person who gains capacity, the person who gains representative power or authorization, the legal representative, or the person with authority to authorize it.

第三審法院在判決屬於發回或發交時，應儘速把判決正本附入卷宗，並送交受發回或發交的法院。

Unless this chapter provides otherwise, the provisions of the preceding chapter apply to third-instance proceedings.

This provision says an appeal may be filed against a ruling, unless another rule specifically forbids the appeal.

訴訟程序進行中的裁定，原則上不得抗告，但另有規定者除外。

In cases that cannot be appealed to the third instance court, the second-instance court’s ruling cannot be appealed; but certain listed rulings may be objected to at the original court.

受命法官或受託法官的裁定原則上不得抗告，但在特定情況下可以向受訴法院或第三審法院提出異議；受訴法院對異議所作的裁定，還可以依本編規定抗告。

This provision sets who decides an appeal, limits further appeals after certain dismissals, and allows an objection in one specific case.

抗告原則上應在裁定送達後10日內提出；如果在送達前提出，也同樣有效。

提起抗告原則上要向作成裁定的原法院或原審判長所屬法院提出抗告狀，並且要寫明抗告理由。某些案件可以用口頭方式提起抗告，但第四百三十六條之二第一項的情形除外。

This provision is deleted.

If a missing litigation capacity, legal representation power, or required permission can be fixed, the presiding judge must set a time limit for correction; if delay might harm a party, the judge may allow temporary litigation acts.

原法院或審判長認為抗告有理由時，應撤銷或變更原裁定；若未駁回為不合法的抗告且未依前項裁定，則應迅速把案件送交抗告法院，必要時並可附上訴訟卷宗與意見書。

抗告原則上不停止原裁定的執行，但另有規定者除外。

If the appellate court finds the appeal justified, it must revoke or change the original ruling. Unless necessary, it may not order the original court or presiding judge to make a new ruling.

Deleted provision.

The provided text only says “(deleted)”.

如果本來應該提抗告卻誤提異議，法律上視為已提抗告；反過來，應提異議卻誤提抗告，也視為已提異議。

抗告原則上準用第三編第一章；但本編另有規定者除外。特定的逕向最高法院抗告與再為抗告，準用第三編第二章。

符合本條列舉事由的人，可以對確定終局判決提起再審；但如果事由已在上訴中主張，或明知事由卻未主張，則不在此限。

In certain cases that cannot be appealed to a third-instance court, a retrial may still be filed if important evidence was overlooked or if a party had a good reason for failing to appear and the court entered a one-sided judgment.

如屬前二條所定情形者，得據以對該判決提起再審之訴。

法院認定沒有再審理由而駁回後，不得再以同一事由，就原確定判決或駁回再審之訴的確定判決，再次提起再審之訴。

再審之訴的管轄法院有不同規則：原則上由判決的原法院管轄；同一事件涉及不同審級法院判決時，由上級法院合併管轄；但若是不服第三審法院判決且理由屬第四百九十六條第一項第九款至第十三款，則由原第二審法院管轄。

現役軍人或海員因財產權涉訟時，可能由其公務所、軍艦本籍或船籍所在地的法院管轄。

前二條規定，對於特定被選定人及受輔助宣告之人從事訴訟行為時，準用之。

再審之訴原則上應在30日內提起；若判決在送達前已確定，從送達時起算，若再審理由較晚發生或才知悉，則從知悉時起算。

提起再審之訴時，須用訴狀向管轄法院表明並提出法定事項。

法院應駁回不合法的再審之訴；如果再審之訴顯然沒有再審理由，法院可以不經言詞辯論，直接以判決駁回。

This case’s debate and judgment are limited to the part that is challenged.

If the court considers the original judgment proper, it must dismiss a retrial action by judgment, even if there are retrial grounds.

除本編另有規定外，再審訴訟程序適用各審級訴訟程序的規定。

Article 395-2(2) applies to retrial lawsuits as well.

A retrial judgment does not affect a third party’s rights acquired in good faith.

If the ruling is final and the case falls under Article 496(1) or Article 497, the person concerned may apply for retrial under the rules of this chapter.

有法律上利害關係的第三人，在非可歸責於自己的原因未參加訴訟、因此無法提出足以影響判決結果的攻擊或防禦方法時，可以對確定終局判決提起撤銷之訴，並請求撤銷對自己不利的部分；但如果應循其他法定程序救濟，則不適用。

第三人撤銷之訴由特定的原審法院專屬管轄。

第三人撤銷之訴本身不會停止原確定判決的執行；法院在必要時或依聲請並提出相當且確實的擔保時，得在撤銷訴訟聲明範圍內，就對第三人不利部分裁定停止其效力。

如果第三人撤銷之訴有理由，法院應撤銷對該第三人不利的確定終局判決部分，必要時並可在撤銷範圍內變更原判決。

The rules in Articles 500(1)-(2), 501-503, 505, and 506 apply to third-party revocation lawsuits.

債權人就特定金錢、代替物或有價證券數量請求，可以向法院聲請依督促程序發支付命令；聲請與處理也可以視科技設備發展情況改用電腦或其他設備。

在聲請人尚未履行對待給付，或支付命令須於外國送達，或須以公示送達時，不得進行督促程序。

在無訴訟能力人需要進行訴訟、且沒有法定代理人或法定代理人不能行使代理權時，可以聲請法院審判長選任特別代理人；特別代理人可先代為一般訴訟行為，但不得拋棄、承認、撤回或和解。

When the debtor is the defendant, the court with jurisdiction under the listed provisions handles the application for a payment order.

申請支付命令時，聲請人必須列明指定事項；債權人對其請求也必須作出釋明。

法院在處理支付命令聲請時，不得訊問債務人，並應作成裁定。

法院應駁回不符第508條至第511條規定或無理由的支付命令聲請；若只有部分請求不能發支付命令，則只駁回該部分。

支付命令送達後，債務人有二十日不變期間可向發命令的法院提出異議；逾期未異議時，債權人可依支付命令與確定證明書聲請強制執行。

如果支付命令在發出後三個月內未送達債務人，該命令失效；法院誤發確定證明書時，特定期間內撤銷後，法院應通知債權人。

債務人可在送達後20日內，向發出支付命令的法院就全部或一部提出不附理由的異議；也可在調解成立或第一審言詞辯論終結前撤回異議，但要負擔調解或訴訟費用。

This provision is deleted.

債務人在支付命令送達後，若是在二十日的不變期間過後才提出異議，法院應以裁定駁回。

If the debtor lawfully objects to a payment order within the statutory period, the payment order loses effect within the scope of the objection.

本法關於法定代理的規定，也適用於法人代表人、第四十條第三項的代表人或管理人、第四項機關代表人，以及依法令可為訴訟上行為的代理人。

This provision is marked deleted.

If the debtor does not lawfully object to a payment order within the statutory period, the payment order may become an enforceable title.

債權人對金錢請求或可折算為金錢的請求，為保全強制執行，得聲請假扣押；對附條件或期限的請求，也可以聲請。

Provisional seizure is not allowed unless there is a risk that future enforcement will be impossible or very difficult.

假扣押聲請由本案管轄法院或假扣押標的所在地的地方法院管轄。

聲請假扣押時，聲請人必須載明當事人、法定代理人、請求及原因事實、假扣押原因與法院；在特定情況下還要記載請求價額或標的及其所在地。

聲請假扣押時，債權人應先釋明請求與假扣押原因；法院可要求供擔保後准予假扣押。

If the debtor provides the specified security or deposits the claimed amount, provisional attachment may be waived or revoked.

關於假扣押聲請的裁定可以抗告；抗告法院在裁定前要讓債權人和債務人有陳述意見的機會，且認為抗告有理由時應自行裁定。

在本案尚未繫屬時，法院可依債務人聲請，命債權人在一定期間內起訴；特定情形下債權人還須在裁定確定後十日內起訴。

Two or more persons may join as co-litigants and sue or be sued together if the claim rights or duties are shared, arise from the same factual and legal cause, or are of the same kind with similar factual and legal causes, subject to the stated venue limits.

在特定情況下，債務人或債權人都可以向法院聲請撤銷假扣押裁定。

在特定情況下，債權人必須賠償債務人因假扣押或提供擔保所受的損害；若相關請求已起訴，法院也要依債務人聲明在本案判決中命債權人賠償，且債務人未聲明時法院應告知可聲明。

債權人對於金錢請求以外的請求，為了保全將來的強制執行，可以聲請假處分；但如果不是因請求標的現狀變更，而有日後不能執行或執行困難的虞，則不得為之。

Rules on provisional attachment also apply to provisional disposition, except where Articles 535 and 536 provide otherwise.

（刪除）

法院以裁定決定假處分所必要的方法，並可選任管理人、命令或禁止債務人為一定行為。

The court may let a debtor avoid or have a provisional injunction revoked by providing security in specified situations, and it must hear the creditor before making those rulings.

This article has been deleted.

債權人若依民法第一百五十一條押收債務人財產或拘束其自由，應即時向法院聲請假扣押或假處分裁定。

The court must immediately review and rule on the application, and must dismiss it if it does not meet Civil Code Article 151 or there are other reasons approval should be refused.

A creditor who applies under Article 537-1 must send the seized property or the debtor to court, unless there is a justifiable reason not to do so.

債權人須在裁定送達後5日內起訴；逾期未起訴時，法院得撤銷該假扣押或假處分裁定。

法院在裁定定暫時狀態處分前，原則上應讓兩造當事人先陳述意見；法院也可以命先為一定給付。

法院在有必要時，可先依聲請作成緊急處置；該處置原則上最長7日，期滿前可再聲請延長，但延長最長3日。

When the appellate court reverses or changes a ruling under Article 538(3), it must order the applicant to return what was received, and add interest from the time of receipt if the benefit was money.

If an applicant proves no fault, the court may reduce or waive their damages liability after a provisional-status order is revoked for a reason under Article 531.

Unless otherwise provided, rules on provisional injunctions also apply to provisional status disposition.

A public notice demand for rights declaration is limited to securities transferable by endorsement or cases expressly provided by law.

A person meeting one of the listed conditions may sue in a pending first- or second-instance case by naming both parties to that case as co-defendants.