Canada Judgment

Supreme Court of Canada

R. v. Maadani

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Source document

01

Holding and result

A majority held that the Court of Appeal did not commit a reviewable error in dismissing the application for fresh evidence for lack of cogency and that the appellate decision must be upheld; accordingly the appeal was dismissed.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed

Orders

  • Appeal dismissed
  • Application for new evidence dismissed; no new trial ordered

02

Material facts

Parties

Moadd Maadani

Appellant Counsel: Matthew Gourlay; Kelsey Flanagan

His Majesty The King

Respondent Counsel: Karen Papadopoulos; Kevin Pitt

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada; Judgment on Admissibility of Fresh Evidence

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The appellant argued the proposed fresh evidence was relevant to self‑defence, was reasonably capable of belief by the triers of fact on key points, and therefore met the cogency requirement; the Court of Appeal erred by making its own ultimate credibility determination and misapplying the due diligence requirement, so a new trial should be ordered.
Respondent
The Crown argued the Court of Appeal correctly dismissed the application for fresh evidence for lack of cogency and that the appellant failed to show reasonable diligence; there was no reviewable error and the conviction should stand.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Common law fresh evidence doctrine (Canadian jurisprudence)

    Admissibility of fresh evidence requires reasonable diligence, materiality/cogency, apparent credibility and that the evidence is not merely cumulative.

  2. 02

    Appellate review principles in Canadian common law

    Appellate courts must defer to trial and lower appellate fact‑finding and should not substitute their own ultimate credibility determinations absent reviewable error.

  3. 03

    Appellate review doctrine

    Discretionary decisions on the admission of evidence are subject to a deferential standard of review and are reversible only for reviewable error (e.g. palpable and overriding error).

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

A majority held that the Court of Appeal did not commit a reviewable error in dismissing the application for fresh evidence for lack of cogency and that the appellate decision must be upheld; accordingly the appeal was dismissed.

Obiter and limits

  • Majority emphasized deference to the Court of Appeal's assessment of cogency and the limited role of this Court to intervene absent reviewable error.
  • Dissenting judges commented that appellate courts must not resolve ultimate witness credibility on fresh evidence and that the fresh evidence was reasonably capable of belief on self‑defence issues, which would have warranted a new trial.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed

  • Appeal dismissed
  • Application for new evidence dismissed; no new trial ordered

Source and reliance status

Supreme Court of Canada · 17 April 2026

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Supreme Court of Canada

Judgment· 17 April 2026

2026 SCC 11

R. v. Maadani Collection Supreme Court Judgments Date 2026-04-17 Neutral citation 2026 SCC 11 Case number 41972 Judges Wagner, Richard; Karakatsanis, Andromache; Côté, Suzanne; Rowe, Malcolm; Kasirer, Nicholas; Jamal, Mahmud; O’Bonsawin, Michelle On appeal from Ontario Notes Case in Brief SCC Case Information Decision Content

SUPREME COURT OF CANADA Citation: R. v. Maadani, 2026 SCC 11 Appeal Heard: April 17, 2026 Judgment Rendered: April 17, 2026 Docket: 41972 Between: Moadd Maadani Appellant and His Majesty The King Respondent Coram: Wagner C.J. and Karakatsanis, Côté, Rowe, Kasirer, Jamal and O’Bonsawin JJ. Judgment Read By: (paras. 1 to 2) Wagner C.J. Majority: Wagner C.J. and Rowe, Kasirer, Jamal and O’Bonsawin JJ. Dissent: Karakatsanis and Côté JJ. Counsel: Matthew Gourlay and Kelsey Flanagan, for the appellant. Karen Papadopoulos and Kevin Pitt, for the respondent. Note: This document is subject to editorial revision before its reproduction in final form in the Canada Supreme Court Reports. No. 41972 April 20, 2026 Le 20 avril 2026 Coram: Wagner C.J. and Karakatsanis, Côté, Rowe, Kasirer, Jamal and O’Bonsawin JJ. Coram : Le juge en chef Wagner et les juges Karakatsanis, Côté, Rowe, Kasirer, Jamal et O’Bonsawin BETWEEN: Moadd Maadani Appellant - and - His Majesty The King Respondent ENTRE : Moadd Maadani Appelant - et - Sa Majesté le Roi Intimé

JUDGMENT The appeal from the judgment of the Court of Appeal for Ontario, Number C70792, 2025 ONCA 582, dated August 8, 2025, was heard on April 17, 2026, and the Court on that day delivered the following judgment orally: The Chief Justice — A majority of this Court is of the view that Huscroft J.A., writing for the majority of the Court of Appeal, made no reviewable error in dismissing the application for new evidence for lack of cogency. Therefore, the appeal is dismissed. Justices Karakatsanis and Côté would have allowed the appeal. They are of the view that, in its cogency analysis, the majority erred in law in making its own determination of the witness’s ultimate credibility. The majority also erred in its analysis of due diligence. Justices Karakatsanis and Côté agree with Copeland J.A. that the fresh evidence was reasonably capable of belief by the triers of fact on key points relating to self-defence and would have admitted the fresh evidence and would have ordered a new trial.

JUGEMENT L’appel interjeté contre l’arrêt de la Cour d’appel de l’Ontario, numéro C70792, 2025 ONCA 582, daté du 8 août 2025, a été entendu le 17 avril 2026 et la Cour a prononcé oralement le même jour le jugement suivant : [traduction] Le juge en chef — La Cour, à la majorité, est d’avis que le juge Huscroft, qui a rédigé l’opinion des juges majoritaires de la Cour d’appel, n’a commis aucune erreur révisable en rejetant la demande de présentation d’un nouvel élément de preuve pour cause d’absence de force probante. En conséquence, le pourvoi est rejeté. Les juges Karakatsanis et Côté auraient accueilli le pourvoi. Elles sont d’avis que, dans leur analyse de la force probante, les juges majoritaires ont commis une erreur de droit en procédant à leur propre détermination de la crédibilité ultime du témoin. Les juges majoritaires ont également fait erreur dans leur analyse de la diligence raisonnable. Les juges Karakatsanis et Côté souscrivent à la conclusion de la juge d’appel Copeland selon laquelle il pouvait raisonnablement être ajouté foi par les juges des faits au nouvel élément de preuve sur certains points concernant la légitime défense, et elles auraient admis le nouvel élément de preuve et ordonné la tenue d’un nouveau procès. C.J.C. J.C.C.

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