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A tenant could still be ordered to pay costs under national procedural rules after an unfair lease costs clause was struck out, because those rules were not a substitute for the clause.
The Advocate General proposes that a Swiss debt recovery payment order is not a “judgment” under the Lugano II Convention because the authority lacks judicial functions.
The Court held that an undertaking under Italian extraordinary administration is an undertaking in difficulty, so it may be excluded from the energy aid schemes at issue.
The Court held that extending by 10 years a 20-year permit for a wind farm may require public participation under Article 6 of the Aarhus Convention.
Advocate General Ćapeta proposes a broad reading of Article 2(1) of Regulation 2021/821, covering items objectively capable of military use, including pilot training.
The Court held that Article 8(1) of Directive 91/533 protects only rights conferred by the directive itself, not substantive rights under the employment relationship.
The Court held that a post-commitment legislative amendment may amount to force majeure or exceptional circumstances under Regulation 1974/2006, but Article 47(1) does not itself confer rights for state liability.
The Court held that Article 17(1) of the Dublin III Regulation may be used even when responsibility was assigned under Article 3(2), first subparagraph.
The Court held that a contract is off-premises where the consumer accepts a trader’s advance offer in the trader’s presence away from business premises.
The Court held that proceedings to liquidate and divide co-ownership of immoveable property acquired by spouses under a separate property regime fall within Regulation 2016/1103.
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