4 Jun 1998
The appeal is dismissed because the court found no real or apparent prejudice from the police officer's presence, the magistrate properly assessed the voluntariness of the cautioned statement in light of medical evidence, she correctly treated PW4's identification as unreliable and did not rely on it, and the marked $50 banknote and related evidence justified the conviction.
22 Nov 1995
Convictions on all six counts were upheld because the applicant was arrested at the scene for counts 1 and 2 and the trial judge properly accepted the voluntariness and admissibility of the applicant's cautioned statement admitting counts 3–6; however, the two one‑month sentences for assault and wounding were wrongly ordered to run consecutively to the robbery sentence because the assaults formed part of the same actions as the robberies, and therefore those sentences must run concurrently.
27 Oct 1995
The conviction was upheld because the trial judge properly admitted a voluntary cautioned statement, the eyewitness and police evidence was reliable, banknotes were found on the applicant, and no credible evidence undermined those findings; therefore the conviction was not unsafe and the application for leave to appeal was dismissed.
20 Jan 1993
The trial judge erred in relying on the content of the cautioned statement (the recorded waiver of a lawyer) to establish voluntariness when voluntariness was contested; nonetheless, because the judge expressly found that he would have convicted on the testimony of PW1 and PW2 alone, the convictions on charges 1 and 2 were upheld even after excluding the cautioned statement.