UBUSHINJACYAHA v BASHEER N’UNDI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v BASHEER N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-12-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00167/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v BASHEER N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE– RPAA 00167/2022/CA (Rugabirwa, P.J.) 28 Ukuboza 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gukoresha itegeko ritariho - Amagambo ‘’itegeko ritariho’’ agomba kumvikana mu buryo bw’itegeko ritagikoreshwa cyangwa itegeko ritaratangira gukoreshwa, cyangwa se itegeko ritigeze ribaho. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza - Ububasha bw’inkiko – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho – Urukiko rujuririwe bwa kabiri, mu gusuzuma ububasha bwarwo, ntirugarukira gusa ku kuba mu rubanza rujuririrwa habonekamo itegeko ryavuyeho cyangwa ritigeze ribaho, ahubwo runasuzuma ko iryo tegeko ari naryo shingiro ryo gutsindwa k’uwajuriye ku buryo bumutera akarengane, byaba atari ko biri bigafatwa nk’ikosa ry’imyandikire. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo uregwa akurikiranywe ku kuba barakubise bakanakomeretsa ku buryo bubabaje uwitwa Haythem Ahmed Ali ndetse bamenagura n’ibikoresho bye byo mu nzu. Haythem Ahmed Ali na we yisunze Ubushinjacyaha aregera indishyi zo kuba baramwangirije ibikoresho bitandukanye, anasaba indishyi z’akababaro, indishyi mbonezamusaruro, n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko abaregwa bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no

gukomeretsa ku bushake, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka ine (4) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 Frw), runabategeka guha guha indishyi uwaziregeye. Abaregwa bajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru bahakana icyaha, basaba ko indishyi mboneza musaruro uregera indishyi yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere zikwiye kuvanwaho kuko bakoreraga hamwe. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku birebana n’ibihano n’indishyi, rwemeza ko bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita ku bushake, rubahanisha igifungo cy’amezi atanu (5) gisubitswe mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu (6), rubategeka guha indishyi uwaziregeye ariko zigabanyije ugereranyije n’izemejwe ku rwego rwa mbere. Uregera indishyi, yajuririye na none urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko indishyi zakongerwa ariko abaregwa batanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko bavuga ko ibihano bahawe biteganywa n’amategeko ko batahawe ibihano bidateganywa n’amategeko, no kuba urubanza rujuririrwa rutaraciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho. Uregera indishyi yiregura kuri iyo nzitizi avuga ko ubujurire bwe buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije abaregwa ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko, no kuba urubanza rujuririrwa rwaraciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho. Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwaburanye buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Haythem Ahmed Ali, uregera indishyi, buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kubera ko urubanza rujuririrwa rwaciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho nk’uko byemejwe mu cyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru w’Urukiko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Amagambo ‘’itegeko ritariho’’ agomba kumvikana mu buryo bw’itegeko ritagikoreshwa (loi abrogée/ replealed law), cyangwa itegeko ritaratangira gukoreshwa

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(loi non encore en vigueur/ law not yet in force), cyangwa se itegeko ritigeze ribaho (qui n’a jamais existé/ a law that never existed).

2. Urukiko rujuririwe bwa kabiri, mu gusuzuma ububasha bwarwo, ntirugarukira gusa ku kuba mu rubanza rujuririrwa habonekamo itegeko ryavuyeho cyangwa ritigeze ribaho, ahubwo runasuzuma ko iryo tegeko ari naryo shingiro ryo gutsindwa k’uwajuriye ku buryo bumutera akarengane, byaba atari ko biri bigafatwa nk’ikosa ry’imyandikire, bityo kuba ingingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano (CCLIII), ivugwa cyangwa igaragara gusa muri kopi y’urubanza Nº RPA 01134/2021/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, ntiyafaatwa nk’aho urwo rubanza rwaciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho kuko atariyo yashingiweho mu icibwa ryarwo. Inzitizi y’iburabusha ifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 29, 42. Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 14. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC, Re. Kabasinga, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019; RPAA 0096/15/CS, Ubushinjacyaha v Mukarusanga, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2018; RPAA 00007/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v Uwimana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 09/04/2021; RPAA 00004/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v Nyiramutesi Nyirabatoni Xaverine, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/09/2021; RCAA 00030/2022/CA, Guaranty Trust Bank Rwanda Plc (Gt Bank Plc) v Bazambanza Théoneste rwaciwe

n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/12/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ubushinjacyaha burega Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali kuba tariki ya 20/05/2020 barakubise bakanakomeretsa Haythem Ahmed Ali bakoresheje igice cy’isahane bari bamaze kumena bakanamupfura umusatsi arakomereka ku buryo bubabaje nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo ya muganga, ndetse bamenagura n’ibikoresho bye byo mu nzu aribyo amasahane 100 y’amadongo, printing machine, telefoni igendanwa na lunette. Abaregwa baburanye bahakana icyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ibyaha byavuzwe haruguru. Haythem Ahmed Ali nawe yuririye kuri icyo kirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha aregera indishyi zo kuba baramwangirije

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ibikoresho bitandukanye, anasaba indishyi z’akababaro, indishyi mbonezamusaruro, n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka. [3] Urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku nyandiko-mvugo ya Ingabire Landrida na Umutoniwase Dianah bakoreye mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 21/5/2020, zigaragaza ko Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali bakubise Haythem Ahmed Ali, no kuba abaregwa bavuga ko yari afite Memory Card iriho amafoto yabo bavuga ko yababwiye ko agiye kubashyira hanze (ku karubanda) maze bakamwadukira bakamukubita, no kuri raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko Haythem Ahmed Ali yakomerekejwe ku buryo yamaze iminsi irindwi (7) atabasha kugira icyo yikorera, rwaciye urubanza Nº RP 00836/2021/TGI/GSBO ku wa 09/07/2021, rwemeza ko BASHEER Mohammed Ghaleb na SABA Ali Chalib Ali bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka ine (4) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 Frw), rubategeka guha Haythem Ahmed Ali indishyi zose hamwe zingana na miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atanu (3.500.000 Frw). [4] Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali bajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukuki Rukuru bahakana icyaha, basaba ko indishyi mboneza musaruro zingana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw) Haythem Ahmed Ali yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere zikwiye kuvanwaho kuko bakoreraga hamwe. [5] Urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku kuba Haythem Ahmed Ali ariwe wabaye

nyirabayazana w’ibyamubayeho, kubera ko imirwano yabaye yatewe n’ubusembure Saba Chalib Ali n’umugabo we Basheer batewe na Haythem Ahmed Ali babanaga mu nzu ubwo yavugaga ko afite memory card iriho amafoto SABA yambaye nabi mugushaka kumwaka iyi telephone, Haythem nawe adashaka kuyitanga bivamo imirwano yatumye akubitwa, rwaciye urubanza Nº RPA 01134/2021/HC/KIG ku wa 07/02/2022, rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku birebana n’ibihano n’indishyi, rwemeza ko Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita ku bushake, rubahanisha igifungo cy’amezi atanu (5) gisubitswe mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu (6), rubategeka guha Haythem Ahmed Ali indishyi zose hamwe zikubiyemo n’igihembo cy’Avoka mu rwego rubanza no mu bujurire zingana na miliyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi magana atanu (2.500.000 Frw). [6] Haythem Ahmed Ali, Uregera indishyi, yajuririye na none urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri N° RPAA 00167/2022/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 14/12/2023, Haythem Ahmed Ali yunganiwe na Me Bayingana Janvier afatanyije na Me Gatari Steven, Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb yunganiwe na Me Kabasenge Belthilde, Saba Ali Chalib Ali atitabye nta mpamvu, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Nkusi Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. Hari kandi Me Muhire Yves, umusemuzi wa Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb warahiye indahiro iteganywa n’itegeko

y’uko azakora umurimo ashinzwe ntacyo yirengagije. [7] Uru Rukiko rwasanze Saba Ali Chalib Ali atitabye nta mpamvu kandi yarahamagawe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, rufata icyemezo cyo kuburanisha urubanza adahari nk’uko byasabwaga na Me Kabasenge Belthilde wagombaga kumwunganira, ndetse n’abandi baburanyi bose bari muri uru rubanza, kuko impapuro zo kwa muganga zatanzwe na Saba Ali Chalib Ali yaba yarafatiyeho imiti, atari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko yari arwaye ku buryo atashoboraga kwitaba uru Rukiko ku munsi w’iburanisha.

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[8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali n’ubunganira bavuga ko batanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwa Haythem Ahmed Ali, uregera indishyi, kubera ko batahawe ibihano bidateganywa n’amategeko, no kuba urubanza rujuririrwa rutaraciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Haythem Ahmed Ali, uregera indishyi, buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kubera ko urubanza rujuririrwa rwaciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho nk’uko byemejwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru w’uru Rukiko mu cyemezo cye N° 265/2022/PEN/GCA cyo ku wa 01/04/2022. [10] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Haythem Ahmed Ali n’umwunganira bavuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 2° y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ubujurire bwe buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko, no kuba urubanza rujuririrwa rwaciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho (iyi mpamvu yatanzwe igihe cy’iburanisha). [11] Urukiko rushingiye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ubujurire Haythem Ahmed Ali, uregera inidshyi, butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kubera ko abaregwa batahawe ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko, no kuba urubanza rujuririrwa rutaraciwe hashingiwe ku

itegeko ritariho. ISESENGURWA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba ubujurire Haythem Ahmed Ali, uregera indishyi, butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kubera ko abaregwa batahawe ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko [12] Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali n’ubunganira batanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwa Haythem Ahmed Ali, uregera indishyi, kubera ko batahawe ibihano bidateganywa n’amategeko, ko ahubwo bahawe ibihano biteganywa n’amategeko, ni ukuvuga ingingo ya 23 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kandi ko Haythem Ahmed Ali nk’uregera indishyi, nta bubasha afite bwo kujuririra ibihano, ko ahubwo yemerewe kujuririra indishyi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 180, igika cya mbere, agace ka 3º y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko “uwaregeye indishyi cyangwa abahawe indishyi batasabye ariko ku byerekeye indishyi gusa”. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko butajuriye kubera ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa hatatanzwe ibihano binyuranyije n’amategeko kuko byatanzwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, ariko kuba urwo rubanza rwaraciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho bitewe n’uko rwaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano (CCLIII), kandi yaravanweho n’Itegeko Nº 020/2019 ryo ku wa 22/08/2019 rikuraho amategeko yose yashyizweho mbere y’itariki y’ubwigenge, bigatuma havanwaho indishyi, Haythem Ahmed Ali yari yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere, ubujurire bwe bukwiye kwakirwa kuko buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko.

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[14] Haythem Ahmed Ali, uregera indishyi, n’umwunganira bavuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 2°, y’Itegeko n°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruburanisha imanza zatanzwemo ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko”, ubujurire bwe buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko kuko bagabanyirijwe ibihano banahabwa isubikagihano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko bituma bahanishwa igifungo gito cy’amezi atanu (5) kidateganywa n’amategeko, kinasubitswe mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu (6), hashingiwe ku busembure kandi nta bimenyetso bifatika bigaragaza ko Haythem Ahmed Ali yabasembuye kuko abaregwa batigeze bagaragariza Urukiko Rukuru memory card ivugwa mu rubanza, ko ahubwo bagombaga guhanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka icumi (10)1 ariko kitarenze imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) giteganywa n’ingingo ya 121, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ndetse ko Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb yagombaga guhanishwa ibihano biremereye cyane kubera ko yakoze icyaha aregwa mu buryo bw’isubiracyaha2 kuko mbere y’uko akora icyaha aregwa muri uru rubanza, yari yakoze icyaha cyo gutanga sheki itazigamiwe, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) nk’uko bigaragazwa n’urubanza nº RP/ECON 00003/2019/TB/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gasabo ku wa 29/01/2020, yaburanye n’Ubushinjacyaha. Bavuga kandi ko igabanyagihano n’isubikagihano biteganywa n’amategeko, basaba uru Rukiko ko rwasuzuma niba yarubahirijwe, rwasanga atarubahirijwe rukemeza ko ubujurire bwa Haythem Ahmed Ali bwakiriwe, rukaburanisha urubanza mu mizi.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza N° RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019 haburana Kabasinga Florida, rwasanze isuzumwa ry’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha n’ibihano, rigomba kubahiriza amahame agize ubutabera buboneye nk’uko ateganywa n’ingingo ya 49, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, ayo mahame akaba avuga ko mu gutanga igihano hakwiye gukurikizwa uburemere bw’icyaha (1), ingaruka icyaha cyateye (2), impamvu zatumye uregwa agikora (3), uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara (4), imibereho ye bwite (5) n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo (6), ko kubuza Urukiko kugabanya igihano iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha binyuranyije n’ayo mahame bitewe n’uko kwemeza gusa igihano giteganywa n’Itegeko byaba bigihinduye kuba ntayegayezwa, nyamara igihano ntayegayezwa kinyuranye n’ihame ryo guca urubanza rutabera kuko kibuza uregwa uburenganzira bwo kukijuririra. [16] Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwavuze ko umucamanza agomba kwita ku mpamvu nkomezacyaha no ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, zaba ari izirebana n’uregwa cyangwa izirebana n’icyaha, ko itegeko ryanga ko izo mpamvu zisuzumwa ngo Urukiko rwemeze ishingiro

1 Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire wa Haythem Ahmed Ali ashingira ku ngingo ya 121, igika cya mbere n’icya 2, y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko“Umuntu wese, abishaka, ukomeretsa undi, umukubita cyangwa umusagarira ku buryo bwa kiboko bubabaje aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itatu (3) ariko kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi y’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw)”. 2 Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko “Umuntu wese ugaragaweho isubiracyaha ahanishwa igihano ntarengwa cyateganyijwe n’itegeko kandi icyo gihano gishobora kongerwa kugeza ku nshuro ebyiri zacyo”.

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ryo kugabanya igihano rikwiye gufatwa nk’irinyuranye n’ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko Nshinga, ivuga ko buri muntu afite uburenganzira ku butabera buboneye ndetse rikaba ribangamiye ubwigenge bw’umucamanza kuko nta mahitamo rimuha, rikamwambura inshingano yo gutanga igihano kigendanye n’icyaha cyakozwe, ashingiye ku mikorere yacyo, uko cyakozwe, imyitwarire y’uwagikoze n’ingaruka zacyo k’uwagikorewe no ku muryango nyarwanda muri rusange, rwanzura ko nta wavuga ko umucamanza yigenga mu gutanga igihano mu gihe agomba gutanga igihano ntayegayezwa kitajyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, uburyo cyakozwemo, igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zikomeye zari gutuma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano. [17] Urukiko rusanga, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwaremeje ko umucamanza ashobora kugabanyiriza ushinjwa igihano, akaba yajya no munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko mu gihe asanze ari ngombwa mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye3. [18] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, ingingo ya 121, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryakurikizwaga igihe icyaha cyakorwaga, iteganya ko “Iyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye indwara cyangwa kudashobora kugira icyo umuntu yikorera ku buryo budahoraho, igihano kiba igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka icumi (10) ariko kitarenze imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000

Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw)”. [19] Naho ingingo ya 57 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru yashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, igateganywa ko “Iyo umucamanza yemeye impamvu zishingiye ku busemburwe bw’uwakoze icyaha, ibihano bigabanywa ku buryo bukurikira : 2º ku cyaha cy’ubugome gihanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itanu (5) ariko kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), igihano kiragabanywa kikaba igifungo kitari munsi y’amezi atandatu (6) ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2)”. [20] Na none ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko uwahanishijwe igihano kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5) ashobora gusubikirwa igihano4. [21] Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwahamije Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali icyaha cyo gukubita ku bushake, bakoze bitewe n’ubusembure bakorewe na Haythem Ahmed Ali bwavuyemo imirwano yatumye bamukubita, bityo ko abaregwa bagomba kugenerwa ibihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 57 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ubusembure, ku ngingo ya 49 y’iryo Tegeko, iteganya ibyo umucamanza akurikiza mu gutanga igihano5, ndetse no ku ngingo ya 64 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya isubikagihano, rubahanisha igifungo cy’amezi atanu (5) gisubitswe mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu (6).

3 Bivugwa kandi mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00007/2020/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 09/04/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwimana Emmanuel, mu gika cyarwo cya 30. 4 Ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko “Isubikagihano ni icyemezo cy’urukiko gihagarika irangizarubanza ku gihano itegeko riteganyiriza igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5)”. 5 Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ubusembure, iteganya ko « «Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Iyo hari impurirane z’impamvu zashingirwaho, umucamanza agomba kwita ku rutonde rukurikira mu kugena igihano: 1º impamvu nkomezacyaha; 2º impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. »

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[22] Urukiko rusanga, kuba umucamanza w’Urukiko Rukuru yarashingiye ku busembure buteganywa n’ingingo ya 57 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, no ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’iryo Tegeko, mu bwigenge no mu bushishozi bwe, akaba yarahanishije Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali igifungo cy’amezi atanu (5) gisubitswe mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu (6) kuri buri wese, nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’iryo Tegeko, bigaragaza ko abaregwa batahawe ibihano bidateganyijwe n’amategeko. [23] Urukiko rusanga rero, kuba Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali barahanishijwe ibihano biteganywa n’amategeko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, bigaragara ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Haythem Ahmed Ali, uregera indishyi, muri uru Rukiko butari mu bubasha bwarwo. 2.Kumenya niba ubujurire Haythem Ahmed Ali, uregera inidshyi, butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kubera ko urubanza rujuririrwa rutaciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho [24] Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali n’ubunganira batanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwa Haythem Ahmed Ali, uregera indishyi, kubera ko urubanza rujuririrwa rutaciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho kuko ingingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cyavuzwe haruguru, itashingiweho mu gukuraho indishyi mbonezamusaruro yari yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere, ahubwo zavanweho hashingiwe ku kuba

Haythem Ahmed Ali yarabaye nyirabayazana w’ibyamubayeho. [25] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba urubanza rujuririrwa rwaraciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cyavuzwe haruguru, kandi iyo ngingo yaravanyweho n’Itegeko Nº 020/2019 ryo ku wa 22/08/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, bigatuma indishyi Haythem Ahmed Ali yari yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere zivanwaho, ubujurire bwe bukwiye kwakirwa kuko urubanza rujuririrwa rwaciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 , igika cya 2, agace ka 3°, y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. [26] Mu iburanisha ry’urubanza, Haythem Ahmed Ali, uregera indishyi, n’umwunganira bavuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 3°, y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko ″Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza: (…) 3º zashingiye ku itegeko ritariho, ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho cyangwa zaciwe n’Urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha″, basanga ubujurire bwa Haythem Ahmed Ali buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko, kuko urubanza rujuririrwa rwaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano (CCLIII), kandi yaravayweho n’Itegeko Nº 020/2019 ryo ku wa 22/08/2019 rikuraho

amategeko yose yashyizweho mbere y’itariki y’ubwigenge. [27] Mu mwanzuro wabo, basobanura ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko indishyi mbonezamusaruro zingana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw) Haythem Ahmed Ali yagenewe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, zivanyweho ngo kuko ariwe wabaye nyirabayazana w’ibyamubayeho, nyamara mu gukuraho izo ndishyi mbonezamusaruro, urwo Rukiko rwirengagije impamvu zari zatanzwe n’Urukiko rwabanje, kuko rwemeje ko byari ngombwa ko Haythem Ahmed Ali akubitwa, rwirengagiza ko izo ndishyi zirebana n’ibyo yahombye, zikaba rero zitandukanye n’indishyi z’akababaro.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [28] Mu rubanza nº RPAA 0096/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2018, haburana Mukarusanga Olive n’Ubushinjacyaha, hatanzwe umurongo w’uko itegeko ritariho ryashingirwaho mu rubanza bigatuma rwemererwa kuburanishwa mu bujurire, rigomba kumvikana mu buryo bw’itegeko ritagikoreshwa (loi abrogée, repealed law), cyangwa itegeko ritaratangira gukoreshwa (loi non encore en vigueur/ a law not yet in force), cyangwa se itegeko ritigeze ribaho (qui n’a jamais existé/ a law that never existed). [29] Mu rubanza nº RPAA 00004/2021/CA6 rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 30/09/2021, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko mu kuvuga ko urubanza rwashingiye ku itegeko ryavuyeho rushobora kujuririrwa bwa kabiri, Umushingamategeko atari agamije kurengera inyuguti y’itegeko ahubwo yarashakaga ko ibikubiye (contenu) mu itegeko ryavuyeho cyangwa bitigeze binateganywa n’itegeko bitaba ishingiro ryo kurenganya umuburanyi. Niyo mpamvu Urukiko rujuririwe bwa kabiri, mu gusuzuma ububasha bwarwo, rutagarukira gusa ku kuba mu rubanza rujuririrwa habonekamo itegeko ryavuyeho cyangwa ritigeze ribaho, ahubwo runasuzuma ko iryo tegeko ari naryo shingiro ryo gutsindwa k’uwajuriye ku buryo bumutera akarengane, byaba atari ko biri bigafatwa nk’ikosa ry’imyandikire. [30] Urukiko rusanga ingingo yose y’itegeko ivuzwe cyangwa igaragara mu rubanza rujuririrwa, itafatwa nk’aho yashingiweho mu icibwa ryarwo

ngo bitume rwongera kuburanishwa mu bujurire, ahubwo igomba kuba ari ingingo yashingiweho koko mu icibwa ry’urwo rubanza nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza nº RPAA 0096/15/CS rwavuzwe haruguru. [31] Nk’uko bigaragarira mu gika cya 44 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko, Urukiko Rukuru ntirwavanyeho indishyi mbonezamusaruro zingana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw ) Haythem Ahmed Ali yari yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano (CCLIII), ahubwo zavanweho hashingiwe ku busembure bwateye na Haythem Ahmed Ali kubera ko ariwe wabaye nyirabayazana w’ibyamubayeho byo gukubitwa nk’uko byasobanuwe mu bika bya 24 - 34 na 44 by’urubanza rujuririrwa. [32] Urukiko rusanga, kuba ingingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cyavuzwe haruguru, ivugwa cyangwa igaragara gusa muri kopi y’urubanza Nº RPA 01134/2021/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, bitafatwa nk’aho urwo rubanza rwaciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho kuko atariyo yashingiweho mu icibwa ryarwo. [33] Byongeye kandi, Urukiko rusanga niyo urubanza rujuririrwa rwari gucibwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cyavuzwe haruguru, bitagombaga gufatwa nkaho rwashingiye ku itegeko ritariho, ahubwo byari gufatwa nk’ikosa ry’imyandikire nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RCAA 00030/2022/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 21/12/2023, haburana Guaranty Trust Bank Rwanda Plc (Gt Bank Plc) na Bazambanza Théoneste, mu bika byarwo bya 16 -17, aho rwasobanuye ko kuba mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwarashingiye ku ngingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano, rukagaragaza ko

6 Reba igika cya 28 cy’urubanza RPAA 00004/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/09/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyiramutesi Nyirabatoni Xaverine n’uregera indishyi Sabune Gwiza Vénantie.

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ibiyikubiyemo ari ihame ry’amategeko, mu mwanya wo gushingira kuri iryo hame gusa, kuko amategeko yose yashyizweho mbere y’itariki y’ubwigenge yavuyeho nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko nº 020/2019 ryo ku wa 22/08/2019 rikuraho amategeko yose yashyizweho mbere y’itariki y’ubwigenge, Urukiko rurasanga bitagomba gufatwa ko rwashingiye ku itegeko ritariho nk’uko uhagarariye GT Bank Plc ashaka kubyumvikanisha, ahubwo ikigaragara ni uko ari ikosa ry’imyandikire, kuko icyo Urukiko rwashatse kuvuga, kandi gihuza n’igitekerezo nyamukuru (esprit), ni uko ihame rusange ry’amategeko rikubiye mu ngingo ya 258 yibukijwe haruguru, ari ryo rigomba gukurikizwa. Bityo ntabwo mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwashingiye ku Itegeko ritariho, cyane ko ibyari bikubiye (contenu) mu ngingo 258 ari ihame rusange ry’amategeko kandi rikurikizwa mu manza nyinshi, maze rwanzura ko ubujurire bwa GT Bank Plc butagomba kwakirwa ngo busuzumwe, kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Urubujurire. [34] Urukiko rusanga rero, kuba urubanza rujuririrwa rutaraciwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho, kuko indishyi mbonezamusaruro Haythem Ahmed Ali yari yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere, zitavanweho hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cyavuzwe haruguru, ahubwo zavanweho hashingiwe ku busembure nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, bigaragara ko ubujurire bwa Haythem Ahmed Ali butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [35] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na Basheer Mohammed Ghaleb na Saba Ali Chalib Ali ifite ishingiro; [36] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Haythem Ahmed Ali butakiriwe kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire; [37] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y‘ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na Haythem Ahmed Ali ajurira ihwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.