UBUSHINJACYAHA v GATO

UBUSHINJACYAHA v GATO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00773/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v GATO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00773/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 20 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko mpanabyaha – Icyaha cyo kwica – Mu kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije gusa kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwaregeye Gato Emmanuel Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu, aburana yemera icyaha aregwa asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ngo basanze Kinyata bishe na mugenzi we mu kirararo cyabo bakamubonamo umujura. Urukiko rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Gato Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe kikaba gukubita no gukometsa byateye urupfu. Urwo Rukiko rwasanze yarafashwe yemera icyaha ashinjwa kandi ko agishinjwa n’abatangabuhamya, rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica, gusa kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha agabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo

cy’imyaka 15. Yongeye kujuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko arusaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha, agahanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu aho guhanirwa ubwicanyi kuko Kinyata wakubiswe atahise apfa, ko ahubwo yapfuye ku munsi ukurikiraho, ko raporo ya muganaga iterekana ko yishwe n’inkoni yakubiswe, ko kandi yaburanye yemera icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko uwo ashinjwa yaguye aho yakubitiwe kandi Urukiko rukaba rwarasesenguye intwaro yakoreshejwe n’igice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe, rugasanga nta yindi nyito yahabwa iki cyaha uretse iy’ubwicanyi. Buvuga kandi ko igabanyagihano ridashoboka kuko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe aricyo gihano gito giteganyirizwa icyaha yakoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kugira ngo hamenyekane niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije gusa kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa, bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Umugambi wa Gato wo kwica Kinyata ugaragazwa no kuba yaramukubise inkoni (intwaro ishobora kwica), aho yamukubitiye akaba ariho apfira, umwanya w’amasaha avuga ko waciyemo hagati yo gukubitwa no gupfa ukaba udashobora guhindura ubushake bwo kwica busobanurwa n’inkoni yamukubise mu cyico.

2. Umushingamategeko yavuguruye ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano, ayisimbuza ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, iteganya uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya ibihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, iyi ngingo ikaba iteganya

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ko uwakoze icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Bityo, Gato akaba atagabanyirizwa birenze uko yagabanyirijwe, kuko yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 107. Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 0110/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha v Uwamurengeye, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 21/10/2020, Gato Emmanuel ari mu mudugudu wa RWISIRABO II, akagari ka KAGEYO, Umurenge wa MWIRI, akarere ka KAYONZA afatanyije n’uwitwa KARENGERA MWESIGE bakubise Kinyata Gilbert kugeza apfuye. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwaregeye Gato Emmanuel Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu, naho KARENGERA MWESIGE busanga yaratorotse. Gato Emmanuel yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ngo basanze Kinyata na mugenzi we mu kirararo cyabo bakamubonamo umujura. [3] Mu rubanza nº RP 01427/2020/TGI/NYG rwaciwe kuwa 25/11/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Gato, ku

mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no kuri raporo ya muganga, rwemeje ko Gato Emmanuel ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoreye uwitwa Kinyata, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [4] Gato Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba guhindurirwa inyito y‘icyaha yahamijwe kikaba gukubita no gukometsa byateye urupfu, asaba kandi no kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi. Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko icyaha Gato yahamijwe gifitiwe ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho kuko yakubise Gato agahita apfa ako kanya, asaba ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhamaho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [5] Mu rubanza nº RPA 00149/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe kuwa 31/7/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, rwasanze Gato Emmanuel yarafashwe yemera icyaha ashinjwa kandi ko agishinjwa n’abatangabuhamya, ko yakubise Kinyata agahita apfa bityo ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica.

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Urukiko rwasanze, kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, izo ari impamvu zatuma agabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [6] Gato Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri nº RPAA 00773/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 9/1/2025 yunganiwe na Me Bangamwabo Octave naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mukunzi Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire, Gato avuga ko asaba Urukiko guhindura inyito y’icyaha, agahanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu aho guhanirwa ubwicanyi kuko Kinyata wakubiswe atahise apfa, ko ahubwo yapfuye ku munsi ukurikiraho, ko raporo ya muganaga iterekana ko yishwe n’inkoni yakubiswe, ko kandi yaburanye yemera icyaha. [8] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Gato Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo kwica rushingiye ku kuba Kinyata yaraguye aho yakubitiwe kandi rukaba rwarasesenguye intwaro yakoreshejwe n’igice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe, rugasanga nta yindi nyito yahabwa iki cyaha uretse iy’ubwicanyi. Buvuga kandi ko igabanyagihano ridashoboka kuko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Gato yahanishijwe aricyo gihano gito giteganyirizwa icyaha yakoze hakurikijwe ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko n° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023, rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [9] Urukiko ruhereye

kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma inyito yahabwa icyaha Gato Emmanuel yakoze, runasuzume niba yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA  Kumenya niba Urukiko rwaribeshye ku birebana n’inyito y’icyaha Gato Emmanuel yahanishijwe [10] Gato Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me Bangamwabo Octave yajuriye asaba Urukiko guhindura inyito y’icyaha, agahanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu aho guhanirwa ubwicanyi kubera ko Kinyata yapfuye ku munsi ukurikira uwo yakubitiweho, ko kandi raporo ya muganga itigeze ihamya ko Kinyata yishwe n’inkoni yakubiswe. Gato avuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko bagiye guhisha umurambo mu miyenzi nyamara ataribyo, ko ahubwo Kinyata yaguye mu miyenzi ikikije ikiraro, ari naho basanze umurambo we. Asoza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko nta mugambi yari afite wo kwica Kinyata, ko ahubwo yabitewe n’uko yamusanze ku kiraro mu ijoro, bigatuma amubonamo umujura. [11] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Gato nta shingiro bufite kuko yakubise Kinyata agahita apfa, ko mu kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije gusa kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico), kuri Kinyata hakaba harakoreshejwe inkoni ishobora kwica kandi agakubitwa mu cyico. Ku birebana na raporo ya muganga, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko iki ari ikimenyetso kiza cyunganira ibindi, ko muganga yemeje ko Kinyata yahageze yashizemo umwuka ariko kuba raporo itaravuze icyamwishe nyamara hari abemera ko bamukubise kandi aho yakubitiwe ari naho yaguye, nta kosa Urukiko rwakoze mu guhamya Gato icyaha cy’ubwicanyi.

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[12] Ubujurire bwa Gato Emmanuel bushingiye ku nyito y’icyaha we yumva yagombye guhanirwa, aho asanga, kuba Kinyata atarahise avamo umwuka kandi raporo ya muganga ikaba itarahamije ko yishwe n’inkoni yakubiswe, ibyo byagombye gutuma ahanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu aho guhanirwa icyaha cyo kwica. [13] Ikibazo kijyanye n’ibishingirwaho mu gutandukanya icyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza nº RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamurengeye, aho rwasobanuye ko kugira ngo hamenyekane niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije gusa kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa, bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). [14] Urukiko Rukuru, mu gika cya 10 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, rwasobanuye ko icyaha cy’ubwicanyi Gato Emmanuel yahamijwe gishingiye ku kuba yarakubise Kinyata inkoni atitaye ku gice icyo aricyo cyose cy’umubiri ndetse nawe akaba yaremeye ko Kinyata yapfiriye aho yakubitiwe. [15] Gato Emmanuel yemera ko yakubise Kinyata inkoni, ko yasize yanengekaye, habaye mu gitondo asanga yapfuye kandi agwa aho yakubitiwe. Mu gusobanura ko batigeze bashaka guhisha umurambo wa Kinyata, Gato Emmanuel yabwiye uru Rukiko ko bamukubise

bagasiga yanengekaye bakajya kuryama, bukeye basanga yapfuye kandi ari mu miyenzi iri ku kiraro, ko batigeze bajya guhisha umurambo ahubwo ko yapfiriye aho yakubitiwe. Isesengura ry’izi mvugo rirerekana ko na Gato ubwe yemera ko Kinyata yaguye aho yakubitiwe, ahubwo imiburanire ye ikaba ishingira ku kuba yarabonye umurambo mu gitondo, ariho ahera avuga ko yapfuye ku munsi ukurikira uwo yakubitiweho, akabishingiraho avuga ko ibyo bigize icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu. [16] Urukiko rurasanga, uretse no kuba nta gihamya ko Kinyata yapfuye ku munsi ukurikira uwo yakubitiweho kuko, kuba Gato yarabyutse akabona umurambo bitavuze ko aribwo yari apfuye, nyamara kandi umugambi wa Gato wo kwica Kinyata ugaragazwa no kuba yaramukubise inkoni (intwaro ishobora kwica), aho yamukubitiye akaba ariho apfira, umwanya w’amasaha avuga ko waciyemo hagati yo gukubitwa no gupfa kwa Kinyata ukaba udashobora guhindura ubushake bwo kwica busobanurwa n’inkoni yamukubise mu cyico, ibi bikaba bihuza n’umurongo uri mu rubanza nº RPAA 0110/10/CS rwavuzwe haruguru. [17] Urukiko rurasanga, raporo ya muganga idashinjura Gato Emmanuel kuko, nubwo itavuga icyishe Kinyata, ariko muganga avuga ko yakiriye umurambo wa Kinyata wakubitiwe mu rwuri, iki kimenyetso kikaba ari igihamya ko yageze kwa muganga yapfuye kandi kikaba cyuzuzanya n’imvugo y’ushinjwa ndetse n’iy’abatangabuhamya bemeza ko yaguye aho yakubitiwe. [18] Urukiko rurasanga, ingingo y’ubujurire bwa Gato igamije guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha nta shingiro ifite, ahubwo agomba gukomeza guhamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica. Ku bijyanye n’ibihano [19] Gato Emmanuel yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko nta mugambi yari afite wo kwica Kinyata, ko ahubwo yabitewe n’uko yamusanze ku kiraro mu ijoro, bigatuma

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amubonamo umugizi wa nabi. Me Bangamwabo Octave umwunganira asaba ko Gato Emmanuel yahanishwa igihano giteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko n° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023, rihindura Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ko kandi yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku manza n° RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CS rwo kuwa 4/12/2019 na n° RS/INCONST/SPEC 00005/2020/CS, RS/INCONST/SPEC 00005/2020/CS rwo kuwa12/02/2020 no ku ngingo ya 2 n’iya 4 y’itegeko ry’ibimenyetso ryakoreshwaga urubanza rucibwa. [20] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta gabanya gihano Gato akwiye guhabwa kuko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe aricyo gihano gito gishoboka ku muntu wahamwe n’icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko n° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023, rihindura itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Ubujurire bwa Gato kuri iyi ngingo bugamije guhanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu no kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku manza zagennye ko umuntu ashobora kugabanyirizwa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko. [22] Ingingo ya 107 y’ itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko Umuntu wica undi abishaka, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [23] Urukiko rurasanga Gato Emmanuel adashobora guhanishwa ibihano biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko n° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023, rihindura Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kuko ibihano asaba byagenewe umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gukomeretsa ku bushake mu gihe we ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [24] Gato Emmanuel mu rubanza RPA 00149/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuwa 31/01/2024, yagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi aribwo bwa mbere aguye mu cyaha ku buryo buzwi, iki kikaba aricyo gihano gito, umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi giteganyirizwa icyaha cyo kwica yahamijwe nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano

muri rusange. [25] Urukiko rurasanga, icyifuzo cya Gato Emmanuel cyo kuba yahanishwa igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko, agishingira ku rubanza n° RS/Inconst/Spec 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/20019, aho rwasobanuye ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ruyihuje n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 29 n’iya 151 z’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, rukemeza ko nta cyabuza umucamanza ubwisanzure bwo kugena igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha. [26] Nyuma y’uko urwo rubanza ruciriwe kimwe n’izindi zarushingiyeho, Umushingamategeko yavuguruye ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano,

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ayisimbuza ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, iteganya uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya ibihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, iyi ngingo ikaba iteganya ko uwakoze icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [27] Mu gushyira mu bikorwa impinduka zazanywe n’itegeko rivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, uru Rukiko rwaciye imanza zitandukanye, rwemeza ko imanza zaciwe mbere y’uko iri Tegeko risohoka, harimo n’urubanza n° RS/Inconst/Spec 00003/2019/SC Gato Emmanuel aburanisha, zidashobora gushingirwaho, ko ahubwo hashingirwa ku bikubiye mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe, bityo abahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu, bafite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bituma bahabwa igihano gito gishoboka, bakaba bagenerwa igihano kitari munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 151. [28] 28. Urukiko rurasanga ingingo y’ubujurire ya Gato Emmanuel yo kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, nta shingiro ifite kuko imanza ashingiraho zaciwe hakurikijwe ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano kuri ubu yavuyeho, bityo imihanire ye ikaba igomba gukurikiza ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe. [29] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragabanyirije igihano Gato Emmanuel kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15, nta

kosa rwakoze ndetse iki gihano kikaba kidashobora kugabanywa biruseho kuko aricyo gihano gito gishoboka kuri iki cyaha ushinjwa yahamijwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [30] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Gato Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite. [31] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00149/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 31/01/2024 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [32] Rwemeje ko Gato Emmanuel agumishwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo kwica umuntu ku bushake. [33] Rutegetse ko Gato Emmanuel asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.

1 Reba igika cya 18 n’icya 19 by’urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na TWAGIRUMUKIZA Innocent Réponse.