UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KANYANGIRA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KANYANGIRA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00901/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KANYANGIRA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00901/2024/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.) 17 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gucuruza no gukwirakwiza ibiyobyabwenge – Ibimenyetso – Mu kwemeza niba ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanywe atari ibyo kwikoreshereza ku giti cye (simple drug possession) ahubwo ari ibyo gucuruza cyangwa gukwirakwiza (drugs trafficking/drug distribution), hashingirwa ku bimenyetso bikurikira: kuba uregwa yafatanwa iminzani yabugenewe mu gupima, amasashe yifashishwa mu gupfunyikamo ibiyobyabwenge, amafaranga menshi bafatiye aho hantu, ahakoreshwa nk’ububiko, ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge basanze aho hantu, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ahafatiwe ibiyobyabwenge, abatangabuhamya bemeza ko uwo muntu asanzwe acuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Incamake y’ikibazo: Kanyanzira yakurkiiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gutunda, gutanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, nyuma yuko afatanywe boules 39. Bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha agahinishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000 Frw. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Kanyanzira ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 23.500.000 Frw. Kanyanzira yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko urumogi arwemera, ko yarunywaga urundi akaruha inka kugira ngo zigire imbaraga. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi; rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko urumogi Kanyangira yafatanwe rwafatiriwe no kuba nta kindi cyaha kizwi yigeze akora, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000 Frw. Kanyangira yongeye kandi kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije inyito y’icyaha atakoze, kuko icyaha yemera ari ukunywa urumogi. Ubushinjacyaha buburana buvuga ko uregwa yafashwe kubera amakuru yari ahari y’uko asanzwe acuruza urumogi kandi ko yarufatanywe, akavuga aho urumogi arurangura agamije kurugurisha n’aho barugurisha ndetse n’igiciro baruguraho; ko rero atari gutanga ayo makuru yose ku bintu atazi atanafitemo uruhare. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu kwemeza niba ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanywe atari ibyo kwikoreshereza ku giti cye (simple drug possession) ahubwo ari ibyo gucuruza cyangwa gukwirakwiza (drugs trafficking/drug distribution), hashingirwa ku bimenyetso bikurikira: kuba uregwa yafatanwa iminzani yabugenewe mu gupima, amasashe yifashishwa mu gupfunyikamo ibiyobyabwenge, amafaranga menshi bafatiye aho hantu, ahakoreshwa nk’ububiko, ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge basanze aho hantu, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ahafatiwe ibiyobyabwenge, abatangabuhamya bemeza ko uwo muntu asanzwe acuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00408/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Niyitegeka Augustin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 06/02/2020 sambili (8h00) mu Mudugudu wa Kabeza, Akagari ka Bugera, Umurenge wa Remera, mu Karere ka Ngoma ho mu ntara y'Iburasirazuba, Kanyangira Sosthène yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi, udupfunyika/boules 39, ku makuru yatanzwe n'abaturage bavugaga ko arucuruza arukuye mu Karere ka Kayonza mu Murenge wa kabarondo akaza kurucururiza mu Karere ka Ngoma. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, icyaha cyo gutunda, gucuruza no gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000 Frw. [3] Kanyangira Sosthène, avuga ko mubyo Ubushinjacyaha bumurega hari ibyo yemera n’ibyo atemera; ko yemera kunywa urumogi akaba ahakana kurucuruza, asaba imbabazi z`uko anywaga urumogi, anasaba urukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamungabanyiriza ibihano ndetse rukabisubika kubera ko abana n`umukecuru ushaje cyane akaba nta mbaraga agifite zo kwibeshaho . [4] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza RP 00177/2020/TGI/NGOMA, ku wa 28/09/2021, ruhamya Kanyangira Sosthene icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 23.500.000 Frw rushingiye ku bimenyetso bikurikira: - Kuba Kanyangira Sosthène mu ibazwa rye mu Bugenzacyaha yaravuze ko yari amaze igihe anywa urumogi, akaba yafashwe ari kumwe na Mugiraneza hari umuntu bashyiriye urumogi; - Kuba mu Bushinjacyaha yaremeye icyaha ariko akavuga ko urumogi rwari urw’uwo bari kumwe, ko yari kumuhemba 500 Frw kuko yakoreshaga telephone ye; - Kuba umutangabuhamya Kayitare Richard avuga ko Kanyangira bamufatanye urumogi rungana na boules 39 yari afite mu isogisi mu mufuka w’ipantaro, ababonye ahita aruta ariko baramufata; - Kuba inyandikomvugo y’ifatira igaragaza urumogi boules 39 Kanyangira yafatanywe, kandi na we akaba yarayishyizeho umukono.

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[5] Kanyangira Sosthène yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko urumogi arwemera, ko yarunywaga urundi akaruha inka kugira ngo zigire imbaraga. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko icyaha Kanyangira Sosthène yakoze ari icyo gucuruza urumogi, ko kubera itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano yagabanyirizwa na none ibihano agahanishwa imyaka 15 naho ihazabu ikagabanywa kane. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 01448/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 19/08/2024, rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Kanyangira Sosthène yakurikiranwaho icyaha cyo kunywa aho kuba icyo gucuruza urumogi, maze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi; rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko urumogi Kanyangira Sosthène yafatanwe rwafatiriwe no kuba nta kindi cyaha kizwi yigeze akora, rushingira no ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000 Frw. [8] Kanyangira Sosthène yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa RPAA 00908/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 07/10/2025, Kanyangira Sosthène yunganiwe na Me Mutangana Jean Bosco, naho ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire bwe yo ku wa 28/08/2024 no mu miburanire ye, Kanyangira Sosthène avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije inyito y’icyaha atakoze, kuko icyaha yemera ari ukunywa urumogi. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kubyo Kanyangira Sosthène avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso byemeza ko ari umucuruzi w’urumogi kuko ntawe berekana wemeza ko yigeze arumugurisha nta n’amafaranga yafatanywe yavanye muri ubwo bucuruzi; ko Kanyangira Sosthene yafashwe kubera ko hari amakuru y’uko asanzwe acuruza urumogi kandi afatwa yarufatanywe agasobanura aho urumogi barurangura bagamije kurugurisha, avuga aho barugurisha n’igiciro baruguraho; ko atari gutanga ayo makuru yose ku bintu atazi atanafitemo uruhare. [11] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba inyito y’icyaha Kanyangira Sosthène yahamijwe yahinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo kunywa urumogi aho kurucuruza.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Kanyangira Sosthène yahamijwe yahinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo kunywa urumogi aho kurucuruza [12] Kanyangira Sosthène n’Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso simusiga bigaragaza ko acuruza urumogi kuko nta muntu Ubushinjacyaha bwerekana wemeza ko yigeze amugurisha urumogi kandi nta n’amafaranga yafatanwe. Bavuga ko nta raporo igaragaza ko asanzwe acuruza urumogi kandi ko kuva yafatwa yagaragaje uwamugurishije urumogi, asaba n’abamufashe kujya kubaza aho yabaga kuko we ari umunywi w’urumogi ko atarucuruza.

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[13] Bavuga ko mu bika bya (7 na 8) by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwavuze ko ubwo Kanyangira Sosthène yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye ko yafashwe ari kumwe na Mugiraneza hari umuntu bashyiriye urumogi kandi ko bari bavanye i Kabarondo ajya ku rugurisha mu rugabano rwa Kayonza na Ngoma; ibyo Urukiko rukaba rwarabishingiyeho rwemeza ko kuba yariyemereye ko yari agiye kurugurisha, bigaragaza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha urumogi mu gihe Kanyangira Sosthène atemera ko yakoze icyaha cyo kugurisha urumogi, icyo yemera kandi yemera guhanirwa ari icyo kunywa urumogi akaba yaranabajijwe atunganiwe. Urukiko rukaba rwaravugishije inyandikomvugo ye icyo itavuga kuko Kanyangira Sosthène abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha yavuze ko anywa urumogi atarucuruza, na cyane ko yari yarugaragarije ko urucuruza ari Mugiraneza wacitse inzego z’umutekano akaba yaragaragaje aho baruguraga. [14] Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko mu gufata icyemezo, rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi rushingiye kuba hari umupolisi watanze ubuhamya avuga ko yarumufatanye, ibyo bikaba bidahagije ku buryo byashingirwaho hemezwa ko ari umucuruzi w’urumogi, na cyane ko uwo mupolisi atamushinjaga kurucuruza. [15] Bavuga ko inkiko zombi mbere yo kumuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi zakabaye zarakoze iperereza ryimbitse zigakusanya ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byemeza ko Kanyangira Sosthène yacuruzaga urumogi. Basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kubona ko nta bimenyetso Ubushinjacyaha bwakusanyije bifitanye isano n’icyaha bumushinja cyo gucuruza urumogi; butagaragaje iminzani arupimisha, inzu arucururizamo, ibikoresho byo kurufungamo, amafaranga yafatanywe akomoka kuri urwo rumogi, cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bigize icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, nko kuba hari abaguzi yari yiteguye kuruha, rukemeza ko inyito y’icyaha ihinduka, Kanyangira Sosthene agahanirwa icyaha cyo kunywa urumogi kandi mu kumugenera ibihano hakitabwa ko yafatanwe ingano ntoya y’urumogi (boules 39), nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00147/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/08/2022, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Butera Gédéon. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha ku bijyanye n’uko Kanyangira Sosthène yahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso byemeza ko ari umucuruzi w’urumogi kuko ntawe berekana wemeza ko yigeze arugurisha kandi akaba nta mafaranga yafatanywe agaragaza ko yayavanye mu bucuruzi, avuga ko Kanyangira yafashwe kubera amakuru yari ahari y’uko asanzwe acuruza urumogi kandi ko yarufatanywe, akavuga aho urumogi arurangura agamije kurugurisha n’aho barugurisha ndetse n’igiciro baruguraho; ko rero atari gutanga ayo makuru yose ku bintu atazi atanafitemo uruhare. [17] Avuka kandi ko ubwo Kanyangira Sosthène yafatwaga ariwe wari ufite urumogi udupfunyika/boules 39 mu mufuka w’ipantaro ye ruri mu isogisi, ibyo akaba yarabyemeye abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha ku kibazo cya 6 n’igisubizo cyacyo, kandi abishinjwa n’umutangabuhamya witwa Kayitare Richard; ko kuba rero avuga ko uwarugurishaga ari uwo bari kumwe wahise wiruka nta gaciro bikwiye guhabwa. [18] Akomeza avuga ko Kanyangira Sosthène yafashwe kubera amakuru yari yaratanzwe y’uko acuruza urumogi, atari isaka rusange cyangwa umukwabo wabayeho ngo habeho gusaka abantu bose noneho abari mu isaka baze kumufatana urumogi kandi mu ibazwa rye yasobanuye uburyo acuruza urumogi n’aho barurangura, anavuga ko bafashwe barushyiriye umuguzi. Asaba Urukiko

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rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Kanyangira Sosthène nta shingiro bufite, hakagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye kumenya niba Kanyangira Sosthène yari akwiye guhanirwa icyaha cyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwaramuhamije icyaha cyo kurucuruza nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byerekana ko arucuruza koko. [20] Ibijyanye n’ibimenyetso byashingirwaho hemezwa ko ibikorwa uregwa yakoze bigize icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/06/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin, aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifashishije ibivugwa n’abahanga rwasanze ibimenyetso byashingirwaho birimo ubwinshi bw’urumogi umuntu yafatanywe, iminzani yabugenewe mu gupima, amasashe yifashishwa mu gupfunyikamo ibiyobyabwenge, amafaranga, ahakoreshwa nk’ububiko, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ahafatiwe ibiyobyabwenge, abatangabuhamya bemeza ko uwo muntu acuruza ibiyobyabwenge. [21] Mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Kanyangira Sosthène yajuriye asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa kunywa urumogi kuko atigeze arucuza, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeza ko icyaha yakoze ari icyo gucuruza urumogi rushingiye ko ubwo Kanyangira Sosthène yabazwa mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye ko yafashwe arikumwe na Mugiraneza hari umuntu bashyiriye urumogi ngo arubagurire akanasobanura ko bari baruvanye i Kabarondo bagiye kurugurisha mu rugabano rwa Ngoma na Kayonza no ku mvugo y’umutangabuhamya Kayitare Richard umushinja ko bamufatanye urumogi rungana na boules 39. [22] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha1, Kanyangira Sosthène yavuze ko urumogi boules 39 yafatanywe we na Mugiraneza bari barukuye muri Rwakigeri muri Kayonza bagiye kurugurisha mu rugabano rwa Kayonza na Ngoma bakaba bari baruguze mu i Centre ya Cyarubare ku muntu witwa SADA, ko boule 1 bayiguraga 125 Frw, rwose hamwe bishyuye 4875Frw. Yabajijwe niba boules 39 yafatanwe zari izo kunywa gusa nk’uko avuga ko anywa adacuruza, avuga ko atari izo kunywa zose, ahubwo ko hari umuhungu bavuganye kuri telephone barushyiriye ngo arugure bafatwa batarumuha; kandi ko amaze umwaka n’igice acuruza akananywa urumogi. [23] Naho mu Bushinjacyaha2, Kanyangira Sosthène yavuze ko uwafatanwe urumogi ari Mugiraneza kandi ko yirutse agacika ababafashe, ko we uruhare rwe mu ikorwa ry’icyaha ari uko abaguraga urumogi bahamagaraga telephone ye kuko ariyo bari bazi ko Mugiraneza yari kumuha amafaranga 500 Frw kuko bakoreshaga telephone ye. Yabwiwe ko umupolisi wamufashe yavuze ko yari afite urumogi boules 39 mu isogisi mu mufuka w’ipantalo ababonye arukuramo araruta, Kanyangira Sosthene asubiza avuga ati niba ari ibyo ndasaba imbabazi. [24] Dosiye igaragaza inyandikomvugo ya Kayitare Richard wabajijwe nk’umutangabuhamya ku wa 11/02/2020, wavuze ko bafata Kanyangira Sosthene bari bahawe amakuru n’abo we na

1 Reba inyandiko mvugo yo ku wa 09/02/2020 2 Reba inyandiko mvugo yo ku wa 11/02/2020

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mugenzi we wirukanse akabacika bari bashyiriye urumogi ko barufite, bamufashe bamusangana boules 39 yari afite mu mufuka w’ipantalo mu isogisi, ababonye arukuramo araruta bahita bamufata. [25] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga uburyo Kanyangira Sosthène asobanura uko icyaha cyakozwe n’ibikorwa yemera byagaragajwe haruguru, ubwabyo bigize icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, cyane cyane ko yafatanwe boules 39 yari afite, azishyiriye umuguzi wari umutegereje ngo azigure nk’uko ubwe yabisobanuye. Ibyo avuga kandi bishimangirwa n’imvugo y’umutangabuhamya Kayitare Richard umushinja, wavuze ko bamufatanye boules 39 kandi ko amakuru bari bayahawe n’abo yari agiye kurugurisha babwiye abapolisi ko Kanyangira afite urumogi agiye kubazanira. Rurasanga rero ibyo Kanyangira Sosthène n’Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa kunywa urumogi aho kurucuruza nta shingiro bifite. [26] Kubyo Kanyangira Sosthène n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha kubera ko atari yunganiwe, nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko mbere y’uko abazwa yasobanuriwe uburenganzira afite bwo kubazwa yunganiwe akavuga ko yisubiriza, kandi bakaba batagaragaza agahato Kanyangira Sosthene yaba yarashyizweho kugira ngo asobanure imikorere y’icyaha. Ahubwo harebwe uburyo yasobanuye aho bavana urumogi bacuruza, ikiguzi barutangaho, aho barugurisha n’urwunguko bwaruvanamo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Kanyangira Sosthene yarabajijwe asubiza yisanzuye, ibyo we n’Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko yabajijwe atunganiwe bagamije gutesha agaciro ibyo Kanyangira yavugiye mu nzego z’iperereza bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro byose byatanzwe, rurasanga ubujurire bwa Kanyangira Sosthène ku bijyanye no guhindura inyito y’icyaha ashinjwa nta shingiro bufite. [28] Ku birebana n’urubanza RPAA 00147/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/08/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Butera Gédéon umwunganizi wa Kanyangira Sosthene asaba ko rwashingirwaho hemezwa ko Kanyangira Sosthène nawe ahanirwa icyaha cyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi aho kuba icyo kurucuruza kubera ingano ntoya y’urumogi yafatanywe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga muri urwo rubanza bashingiraho, uru Rukiko rwaragararagaje ko uregwa ufatanwe ingano nto y’urumugi ahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa iyo nta kindi kimenyetso kigaragaza icyo yari agamije gukoresha urumogi yafatanwe3; mu gihe muri uru rubanza rwa Kanyangira Sosthène hari ibindi bimenyetso byerekana ko asanzwe acuruza urumogi, ndetse n’urwo yafatanywe yari arujyanye kurucuruza, bityo urubanza rrw’Ubushinjacyaha na Butera Gedeon rukaba ntacyo rwafasha Kanyangira Sosthene. [29] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe, rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kanyangira Sosthène nta shingiro bufite, urubanza RPA 01448/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 19/08/2024, rukaba rugumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

3 Urubanza No RPAA 00147/2022/CA

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[30] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kanyangira Sosthène nta shingiro bufite; [31] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 01448/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 19/08/2024 idahindutse; igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000 Frw Kanyangira Sosthène yahawe n’urwo Rukiko kigumyeho; [32] Ruvuze ko Kanyangira Sosthène asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.