MAXWELL LTD N’UNDI v RPPA N’ABANDI

MAXWELL LTD N’UNDI v RPPA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-11-25 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00061/2022/CA - Collection: Supreme Court

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MAXWELL LTD N’UNDI v RPPA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00061/2022/CA (Rukundakuvuga, PJ, Nyirandabaruta na Ngagi, J.) 25 Ugushyingo 2022] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Ububasha bw’urukiko – Agaciro k’ikiburanwa - Igenagaciro ntirishobora gushingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’urukiko iyo agaciro k’ikiburanwa atari ko kaburanwe. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Ihame rigenderwaho hasuzumwa gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Iyakirwa ry’ubujurire bwa kabiri - Impamvu zimwe sisuzumirwa mu mbago z’ibyajuririwe hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe. Incamake y’ikibazo: MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert batakambiye RPPA bayisaba gukuraho icyemezo kibaheza mu gupiganira amasoko ya leta yabafatiye ariko nticyavanwaho, bituma bayirega mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, barusaba gutesha agaciro no gukuraho icyo cyemezo kuko barenganyijwe ndetse RPPA igategekwa kubariha indishyi z’igihombo yabateje, batanga n’ikindi kirego muri urwo Rukiko barega Akarere ka

Gakenke n’Akarere ka Gatsibo kuba twarasheshe amasezerano bari bafitanye mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, banasaba Urukiko gutegeka utwo turere kubariha indishyi zitandukanye. Izo manza zombi zarahujwe ziburanishirizwa hamwe. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ibyo birego nta shingiro bifite. MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert ntibishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza bayijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi bavuga ko RPPA itagombaga kubahana kuko nta mugambi wacuzwe wo kubeshya Akarere ka Gakenke n’Akarere ka Gatsibo kugira ngo MAXWELL Ltd ibone isoko itashoboraga guhabwa, ko umukono na kashi bya Noteri ku nyandiko zikoreshwa mu ipiganwa bitari ngombwa ku bapiganira isoko ryatanzwe, kandi atari inyandiko zigaragaza ubushobozi bwa MAXWELL Ltd yakoresheje kugira ngo itsindire isoko, ko kandi amasezerano n’utwo turere yasheshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert nta shingiro bufite, ko bagomba gufatanya mu buryo bungana kwishyura RPPA, Akarere ka Gakenke n’Akarere ka Gatsibo buri wese 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka mu bujurire, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi idahindutse. MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert ntibanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urubanza bayijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Muri iryo buranisha hasuzumwe inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ishingiye ku

gaciro k’ikiburanwa n’iyo kuba abajuriye baratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe zatanzwe n’abahagarariye RPPA hamwe n’abahagarariye Akarere ka Gatsibo. Abatanze inzitizi bavuga ko ubu bujurire butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kuko nta ndishyi zagenwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa zingana na 75.000.000 Frw, ko kandi ikiburanwa kidafite agaciro kangana nibura na 75.000.000 Frw ndetse bakaba baratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Basobanura ko inkiko zombi zemeje ko icyemezo cya RPPA

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cyafashwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kuko bakoresheje inyandiko zitavugisha ukuri, akaba ariko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu gika cya 20 cy’urubanza, binashimangirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza, kuko inkiko zombi zahurije ku kuba izo nyandiko zatanzwe na MAXWELL Ltd zitavugisha ukuri, bityo rero abajuriye bakaba baratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Abahagarariye MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert bavuga ko iyi nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kuko mu kujurira bashingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa katari karagenwe mu manza zabanje ari yo mpamvu bashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko iyo icyaburanwe kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga mu manza zabanje, kigomba kuba gifite agaciro nibura kangana na 75.000.000 Frw kagenwe n’umuhanga iyo bibaye ngombwa, bashatse umuhanga akora igenagaciro rigamije kugaragaza agaciro ka MAXWELL Ltd, kakaba karenze 75.000.000 Frw ateganywa n’Itegeko. Naho ku nzitizi z’impamvu zimwe bakavuga ko nta shingiro ifite, kuko ibibazo byasuzumwe n’izo nkiko zombi atari bimwe, kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoporoye ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, bikaba rero bitafatwa ko hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Igenagaciro rya MAXWELL Ltd ntirishobora gushingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’uru Rukiko kuko agaciro kayo atari ko kaburanwe; bityo ibivugwa n’abahagarariye MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert kuri iyi ngingo bikaba nta shingiro bifite.

2. Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere arizo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Ibi kandi byumvikanisha ko impamvu zimwe sizumirwa mu mbago z’ibyajuririwe hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe. Ku bivugwa n’abahagarariye MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert ko ibibazo byasuzumwe atari bimwe, ko rero batatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, nta shingiro bifite, kuko nubwo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ikibazo kijyanye n’icyemezo cyafashwe na RPPA mu ngingo eshatu ariko imitekerereze yarwo kuri icyo kibazo ihuye n’imitekerereze y’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, impamvu zashingiweho akaba ari zimwe. Naho ku byo bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwateruye (gukoporora) ibyavuzwe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko

rw’Ubucuruzi, nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko atari ukuri, kuko ntaho rwigeze ruterura (rukoporora), ahubwo icyabayeho ni uko inkiko zombi zashubije ibibazo zishingiye ku mpamvu zimwe. Bityo ubujurire bwabo bukaba butagomba kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko yatanzwe ifite ishingiro. Ubujurire bwatanzwe ntibwakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw‘Ubujurire. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Imanza zashingiweho: Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020, haburana SANLAM AG Plc na UR. Urubanza N◦ RCOMAA 0038/16/CS-RCOMAA 0033/2016/CS hagati ya Bank of Kigali Ltd na MULISA KANA Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017, igika cya 21. urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza Nº RCOMAA 00010/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/03/2019 igika cya 12, haburana KOPERATIVE DUKUNDUMURIMO (KOADU) na KING CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICE COMPANY (KICOSECA). Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Products na MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, igika cya 24. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] RWANDA PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AUTHORITY (RPPA) yafashe icyemezo Nº.527/2020/BD/D giheza MAXWELL Ltd n’Umuyobozi wayo MPAGAZEHE Robert gupiganira amasoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi (7) kuko bakoresheje inyandiko zitavugisha ukuri bapiganira amasoko yatanzwe n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo. Hashingiwe kuri icyo cyemezo, utwo turere twasheshe amasezerano y’amasoko twari dufitanye na MAXWELL Ltd. MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert batakambiye RPPA bayisaba gukuraho icyemezo kibaheza

ariko nticyavanwaho, bituma bayirega mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, barusaba gutesha agaciro no gukuraho icyemezo kibaheza mu masoko ya Leta kuko barenganyijwe ndetse RPPA igategekwa kubariha indishyi z’igihombo yabateje, ikirego cyabo cyandikwa kuri N° RCOM 00596/2020/TC. MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert batanze ikindi kirego muri urwo Rukiko barega Akarere ka Gakenke n’Akarere ka Gatsibo kuba twarasheshe amasezerano bari bafitanye mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, banasaba Urukiko gutegeka utwo turere kubariha indishyi z’akababaro, iz’imbonezamusaruro, izo gushorwa mu manza, ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Izo manza zombi zarahujwe ziburanishirizwa hamwe mu rubanza No RCOM 00596/2020/TC-CMB RCOM 00880/2020/TC. [2] Mu rubanza No RCOM 00596/2020/TC-CMB RCOM 00880/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 26/11/2020, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert nta shingiro gifite, ko icyemezo No.527/2020/BD/D cyo ku wa 25/02/2020 cyafashwe na RPPA cyo guheza MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZE Robert gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi (7) kidakuweho, rwemeza ko Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo tutasheshe amasezerano y’amasoko No 00- 000005/C/NCB/2018/2019/GKKE na No 00- 000005/C/NCB/2019/2020/Gatsibo mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, rutegeka MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert kwishyura RPPA 600.000 Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza no gushorwa mu

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rubanza, rutegeka MAXWELL Ltd kwishyura Akarere ka Gakenke n’Akarere ka Gatsibo buri wese 600.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza, runavuga ko amagarama y’urubanza yatanzwe aherera mu Isanduku ya Leta. [3] MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert ntibishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza bayijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi bavuga ko RPPA itagombaga guhana MAXWELL Ltd kuko nta mugambi wacuzwe wo kubeshya Akarere ka Gakenke n’Akarere ka Gatsibo kugira ngo MAXWELL Ltd ibone isoko itashoboraga guhabwa, ko umukono na kashi bya Noteri ku nyandiko zikoreshwa mu ipiganwa bitari ngombwa ku bapiganira isoko ryatanzwe n’Uturere twa Gakenke na Gatsibo, ko imikono na kashi bya noteri bikemangwa na RPPA atari inyandiko zigaragaza ubushobozi bwa MAXWELL Ltd yakoresheje kugira ngo itsindire isoko, ko kandi amasezerano MAXWELL Ltd yagiranye n’utwo turere yasheshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. [4] Ku wa 31/03/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza N° RCOMA 00899/2020/HCC rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert nta shingiro bufite, ko bagomba gufatanya mu buryo bungana kwishyura RPPA, Akarere ka Gakenke n’Akarere ka Gatsibo buri wese 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka mu bujurire, ko imikirize y’urubanza N° RCOM 00596/2020/TC-RCOM 00880/2020/TC rwaciwe ku wa 26/11/2020 n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi idahindutse. [5] MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert ntibanyuzwe

n’imikirize y’urubanza bayijuririra muri uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwabo bwandikwa kuri No RCOMAA 00061/2022/CA. [6] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 02/11/2022, MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert bahagarariwe na Me RUKANGIRA Emmanuel, Me BANDORA Alfred na Me BAGABO Faustin, RWANDA PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AUTHORITY (RPPA) ihagarariwe na Me KAYITESI Petronille afatanyije na Me TWALI Emile, Akarere ka Gakenke gahagarariwe na Me HABUMUREMYI Prosper, naho Akarere ka Gatsibo gahagarariwe na Me UWAMAHORO Marie Grace afatanyije na Me BUBANI Bonaventure. [7] Muri iryo buranisha hasuzumwe inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa n’iyo kuba abajuriye baratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe zatanzwe n’abahagarariye RPPA hamwe n’abahagarariye Akarere ka Gatsibo. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA

RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba uru rubanza rutari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko hashingiwe ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa [8] Abahagarariye RPPA bashingiye ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 8º, n’igika cya 4, y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, bavuga ko ubu bujurire butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kuko nta ndishyi zagenwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa zingana na 75.000.000 Frw, ko kandi ikiburanwa kidafite agaciro kangana nibura na 75.000.000 Frw.

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[9] Bavuga kandi ko haregewe gutesha agaciro no gukuraho icyemezo cyo ku wa 25/02/2020 cyafashwe na RPPA cyo guheza MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka 7, no guhabwa indishyi zinyuranye, gusesa amasezerano Nº 00-000005/C/NCB/2018/2019/GKKE (Gakenke) yo ku wa 04/3/2019 na Nº 00- 000005/C/NCB/2019/2020/Gatsibo District yo ku wa 12/12/2019 bidakurikije amategeko no gusaba indishyi, bakaba basanga icyemezo cyo kubaheza gupiganira amasoko ya Leta ndetse n’icyemezo cyo gusesa amasezerano y’isoko bidashobora kugenerwa igiciro mu mafaranga, ko rero ikiburanwa kidafite agaciro kangana nibura na 75.000.000 Frw. [10] Bavuga na none ko abajuriye bashingiye ku kuba MAXWELL Ltd ubwayo ifite agaciro karenga 75.000.000 Frw kandi ntaho itegeko riteganya ko agaciro ka sosiyete gashingirwaho mu kugaragaza ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, kuko agaciro k’ikiburanwa kagomba kureberwa ku byaburanwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, hakaba hatagomba kurebwa agaciro ka MAXWELL Ltd kuko atari yo yaburanwe. Bavuga kandi ko amasezerano y’isoko atagenewe agaciro n’umuhanga kandi ko agaciro k’ayo masezerano yombi hakuwemo imisoro katagera kuri 75.000.000 Frw, bityo rero bakaba basanga ubu bujurire butagomba kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [11] Abahagarariye Akarere ka Gatsibo nabo bavuga ko ubu bujurire butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko hashingiwe ku

gaciro k’ikiburanwa. Basobanura ko bemeranya n’ibyo abahagarariye RPPA bavuze, ko icyo bongeraho gusa, ari uko ku birebana n’amasezerano y’isoko abajuriye bareze basaba gusubizwa amafaranga yari asigaye kuri ayo masezerano, akaba ahwanye na 57.820.000 Frw; bityo akaba atageze kuri 75.000.000 Frw. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi bavuga ko haba ku rwego rwa mbere, no rwego rw’ubujurire bwa mbere batigeze bagaragaza indishyi baregera, akaba ari nta ndishyi basabye zingana nibura na 75.000.000 Frw, bityo ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya 6 y’Itegeko n°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ku bijyanye n’ikiburanwa, basanga ikiburanwa kitageze kuri 75.000.000 Frw. Basoza bavuga ko hatigeze haburanwa agaciro ka MAXWELL ku buryo abajuriye bashingira ku gaciro ifite bajurira bwa kabiri muri uru Rukiko, bityo rero ko ubu bujurire butagomba kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [12] Abahagarariye MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert bavuga ko iyi nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kuko mu kujurira bashingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa katari karagenwe mu manza zabanje ari yo mpamvu MAXWELL Ltd ishingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko iyo icyaburanwe kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga mu manza zabanje, kigomba kuba gifite agaciro nibura

kangana na 75.000.000 Frw kagenwe n’umuhanga iyo bibaye ngombwa, bashatse umuhanga akora igenagaciro rigamije kugaragaza agaciro ka MAXWELL Ltd, hanyuma Umuhanga PEWMUASSOCIATES (Certified Public Accountants) agaragaza ko MAXWELL Ltd ifite agaciro kangana na 355.175.509 Frw, kakaba karenze 75.000.000 Frw ateganywa n’Itegeko. [13] Basobanura ko bashingiye kubiteganywa n’ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru ivuga ku bijyanye n’ikiburanwa basanga kuba hararegewe icyemezo cyafashwe na RPPA cyo gukura MAXWELL Ltd ku rutonde rwa sosiyete zemerewe gupiganira amasoko ya Leta, bivuze ko igomba guhagarika imirimo yayo, ko rero ari yo iburanwa

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kandi ikaba ifite agaciro karenze 75.000.000 Frw, bityo ko ibivugwa n’abahagarariye RPPA n’abahagarariye Akarere ka Gatsibo ko MAXWELL Ltd atari yo iburanwa, nta shingiro bifite. [14] Bavuga kandi ko ikindi kigaragaza ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kwakira ubu bujurire ari uko MAXWELL Ltd iregera amasoko yatsindiye mu Karere ka Gatsibo n’Akarere ka Gakenke yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, agaciro k’ayo masoko kakaba karenze 75.000.000 Frw, kuko isoko MAXWELL Ltd yari ifitanye n’Akarere ka Gakenke ryari rifite agaciro ka 33.400.000 Frw nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko isesa amasezerano, naho isoko ry’Akarere ka Gatsibo rikaba ryari rifite agaciro ka 44.250.000 Frw nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa isesa amasezerano, ko rero ayo masoko yombi afite agaciro kangana na 77.650.000 Frw. Bityo ko ikiburanwa kirengeje agaciro ka 75.000.000 Frw. [15] Bavuga na none ko MAXWELL Ltd yasabaga indishyi zishingiye ku gihombo cyose hamwe cyatewe n’igihano RPPA yafatiye MAXWELL zingana na 898.795.112 Frw n’inyungu zazo zingana na 320.524.838 Frw, zose hamwe zikaba 1.219.319.950 Frw, zikaba zirenga 75.000.000 Frw ziteganywa n’itegeko. Bakomeza bavuga ko uretse amasoko yasheshwe, hari amasoko MAXWELL Ltd yimwe kubera icyemezo cya RPPA aho RHA yimye MAXWELL Ltd isoko rya 203.330.000 Frw naho Rwanda Airports Company ikaba yaranze kuvugurura amasezerano yari afite agaciro ka 199.772.112 Frw, ibi byose bikaba bigaragaza ko agaciro k’ikiburanwa karenze 75.000.000 Frw. Basoza bavuga ko kubera izo mpamvu zose, basanga Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kwakira no kuburanisha ubujurire bwa MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka kuri iyi nzitizi zishingiye ku kumenya niba agaciro ka MAXWELL Ltd kangana na 355.175.509 Frw kashingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’uru Rukiko mu gihe haburanwa icyemezo cyafashwe na RPPA cyo guheza MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi (7), no kumenya niba agaciro k’amasezerano MAXWELL Ltd yari ifitanye n’Akarere ka Gakenke ndetse n’Akarere ka Gatsibo kashingirwaho mu kwakira ubujurire bwa kabiri yatanze. Impaka zishingiye kandi ku kumenya niba igihombo MAXWELL Ltd ivuga ko yatejwe n’icyemezo cya RPPA kiyiheza gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi (7) cyashingirwaho mu kwakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa MAXWELL Ltd. a. Kumenya niba agaciro ka MAXWELL Ltd kangana na 355.175.509 Frw kashingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’uru Rukiko [17] Ingingo ya 52, y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, mu gika cyayo cya kane iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo icyaburanwe kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga mu manza zabanje, kigomba kuba gifite agaciro nibura kangana na 75.000.000 Frw kagenwe n’umuhanga iyo bibaye ngombwa”. [18] Urukiko rurasanga icyo iyi ngingo ya 52, mu gika cyayo cya 4, yumvikanisha ni uko igenagaciro riyivugwamo rigomba kuba rireba icyaburanwe mu manza zabanje.

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[19] Dosiye y’urubanza irimo igenagaciro rya MAXWELL Ltd nka sosiyete rigaragaza ko ifite agaciro ka 355.175.509 Frw. Iyo dosiye kandi igaragaza ko mu rubanza N° RCOM 00880/2020/TC, MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert baregeye Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi barusaba gutesha agaciro no gukuraho icyemezo cyo ku wa 25/02/2020 cyafashwe na RPPA cyo kubaheza gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka 7. [20] Urukiko rurasanga iki cyemezo cya RPPA ari cyo cyaregewe, bivuze ko ari cyo cyaburanwe muri urwo rubanza. Rusanga ariko n’ubwo kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga kidashobora kwitirirwa agaciro ka MAXWELL Ltd kagenwe n’Umuhanga kuko agaciro kayo atari ko kaburanwe; cyane ko icyemezo yafatiwe kidashingiye ku gaciro kayo, kandi icyo cyemezo akaba atari ikiyisesa ahubwo ari ikiyeheza gusa mu masoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi (7), bivuze ko nyuma y’icyo gihe yemerewe kongera gupiganira amasoko ya Leta ko kandi nubu itabujijwe gukora andi masoko atari aya Leta. [21] Kubera izo mpamvu, nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 19, igenagaciro rya MAXWELL Ltd ntirishobora gushingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’uru Rukiko kuko agaciro kayo atari ko kaburanwe; bityo ibivugwa n’abahagarariye MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert kuri iyi ngingo bikaba nta shingiro bifite. b. Kumenya niba agaciro k’amasezerano MAXWELL Ltd yari ifitanye n’Akarere ka Gakenke ndetse n’Akarere ka Gatsibo kashingirwaho mu kwakira

ubujurire bwa kabiri yatanze [22] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 8º, y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ibikurikira: ʺUrukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza: 8° zagenwemo n’urukiko indishyi zingana nibura 75.000.000 Frw cyangwa zifite agaciro kagenwe n’umucamanza mu gihe habaye impaka kangana na 75.000.000 Frwʺ. Mu gika cya kane cy’iyo ngingo iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo icyaburanwe kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga mu manza zabanje, kigomba kuba gifite agaciro nibura kangana na 75.000.000 Frw kagenwe n’umuhanga iyo bibaye ngombwa”. [23] Urukiko rurasanga icyo iyi ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 8, n’igika cya 4 cyayo y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru ivuga, nk’uko byagiye binagarukwaho mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, ari uko iyo hari indishyi zagenwe mu rubanza ari zo zigomba gushingirwaho, naho byaba ngombwa ko hashingirwa ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa hakarebwa agaciro kemejwe n’Urukiko nyuma y’impaka z’ababuranyi; haba nta gaciro kagenwe n’inkiko hagashingirwa ku kagenwe n’umuhanga iyo bibaye ngombwa1. Mu yandi magambo, ku bijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’ubujurire bwa kabiri, icyo umushingamategeko atashatse ni uko hashingirwa ku gaciro umuburanyi yigeneye ubwe.

1 1Reba urubanza Nº RCOMAA 000580/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/12/2020, haburana RUTABINGWA Jean Paul na MINERALS SUPPLY AFRICA Ltd (MISA Ltd), urubanza N° RCOMAA 00013/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 12/11/2021, haburana HABYARIMANA Charles na MTN RWANDACELL Ltd n’abandi, n’urubanza Nº RCOMA 00008/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 13/06/2022, haburana AKARERE KA GICUMBI na WOORD GROUP Ltd.

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[24] Muri uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaza ko MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert batanze ikirego mu rubanza N° RCOM 00880/2020/TC basaba Urukiko gutesha agaciro no gukuraho icyemezo cyo ku wa 25/02/2020 cyafashwe na RPPA cyo guheza MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’Imyaka 7, no guhabwa indishyi zinyuranye. Igaragaza kandi ko batanze ikindi kirego mu rubanza N° RCOM 00596/2020/TC baregera gusesa amasezerano Nº00-000005/C/NCB/2018/2019/GKKE (Gakenke) yo ku wa 04/3/2019 na Nº00-000005/C/NCB/2019/2020/Gatsibo District yo ku wa 12/12/2019 bidakurikije amategeko no gusaba indishyi, hanyuma izo manza zombi zihurizwa hamwe mu rubanza No RCOM 00596/2020/TC &CMB RCOM 00880/2020/TC. [25] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza na none ko amasezerano MAXWELL Ltd yari ifitanye n’Akarere ka Gakenke yari afite agaciro ka 33.400.000 Frw, naho ayo yari ifitanye n’Akarere ka Gatsibo yari afite agaciro ka 44.250.000 Frw, ayo masezerano yombi afite agaciro ka 77.650.000 Frw. [26] Urukiko rurasanga kuba amasezerano MAXWELL Ltd yari ifitanye n’Akarere ka Gakenke ndetse n’Akarere ka Gatsibo yarasheshwe hashingiwe ku cyemezo cyafashwe na RPPA, kandi ayo masezerano yombi yararegewe mu rubanza rumwe N° RCOM 00596/2020/TC nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, bivuze ko agize ikiburanwa kimwe2. Kuba rero ayo masezerano yombi afite agaciro karenze 75.000.000 Frw kandi ako gaciro kakaba atari

akagenwe n’umuburanyi ubwe nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 24 cy’uru rubanza, bigaragaza ko inzitizi yatanzwe n’abahagarariye RPPA ndetse n’abahagarariye Akarere ka Gatsibo nta shingiro ifite kuri iyi ngingo. [27] Urukiko rurasanga atari ngombwa gusuzumwa niba igihombo MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert bavuga ko batejwe n’icyemezo cya RPPA kibaheza gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka 7 cyashingirwaho mu kwakira ubujurire bwabo bwa kabiri kuko amasezerano yasheshwe afite agaciro karenze 75.000.000 Frw kandi buri yose mu mpamvu ziteganywa mu ngingo ya 52 y’itegeko rigena ububasha bw’inkiko ryavuzwe iba yihagije ngo ikirego cyakirwe iyo yemewe, uretse igihe umuburanyi yatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe.

2. Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kubera ko batsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe [28] Abahagarariye Akarere ka Gatsibo, bashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko ubujurire bwa kabiri budashobora kwakirwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, bavuga ko ubujurire bwa MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuko batsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe.

2 Reba ingingo ya 6, y’Itegeko n°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: Ikiburanwa kigenwa n’ibisabwa na buri muburanyi. Ibisabwa bigaragarira mu myanzuro iregera urukiko n’imyanzuro yo kwiregura, bigashimangirwa burundu mu nama ntegurarubanza ku manza iteganyijwemo.

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[29] Basobanura ko inkiko zombi zemeje ko icyemezo cya RPPA cyo guheza MAXWELL Ltd na na MPAGAZEHE Robert ku masoko ya Leta cyafashwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kuko bakoresheje inyandiko zitavugisha ukuri, akaba ariko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu gika cya 20 cy’urubanza No RCOM 00596/2020/TC-CMB RCOM 00880/2020/TC, binashimangirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza No RCOMA 00899/2020/HC, kuko inkiko zombi zahurije ku kuba izo nyandiko zatanzwe na MAXWELL Ltd zitavugisha ukuri, bityo rero abajuriye bakaba baratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [30] Ku bijyanye n’iseswa ry’amasezerano MAXWELL yagiranye n’Akarere ka Gatsibo n’Akarere ka Gakenke, bavuga ko abajuriye batsinzwe kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu gika cya 32 urwo Rukiko rwagaragaje ko MAXWELL Ltd igihe yatsindiraga amasoko ya Leta mu Karere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo yakoresheje inyandiko yabonye mu nzira z’uburiganya (inyandiko yaherewe i Nyamirambo zashyizweho imikono na kashe bya Noteri n’abatabifite ububasha), bityo rushingiye ku ngingo ya 93 y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta, rwemeza ko amasezerano yashejwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ibyo akaba ari nabyo byashimangiwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu gika cya 34, aho rwashingiye narwo kuri iyo ngingo maze rukemeza ko iseswa ry’ayo masezerano ryari rikurikije amategeko. [31] Bavuga kandi ko

ibivugwa n’abajuriye ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwateruye ibyavuzwe mu gika cya 20 cy’urubanza No RCOM 00596/2020/TC-CMB RCOM 00880/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rubishyira mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa nta shingiro bifite kuko nta byabayeho. Ko ibyo bavuga ko ingingo zasuzumwe atari zimwe, nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko ibyasuzumwe mu nkiko zombi byari bigamije kureba niba icyemezo cyo guhezwa ku gupiganira amasoko ndetse n’icyo gusesa amasezerano byakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Bityo ko kuba mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwarasuzumye ingingo ziruta izasuzumwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi bidakwiye gufatwa nk’aho MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert batatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko ibyo ari imiburanire y’ababuranyi, igikwiye kwitabwaho akaba ari imitekerereze y’inkiko zombi ku kibazo gisuzumwa nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza No RCOMAA 00034/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga hagati ya UWASE Claudine na BK, RDB n’abandi. Bityo ko ubu bujurire butagomba kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [32] Abahagarariye RPPA nabo bavuga ko ubujurire bwa MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuko batsinzwe mu nkiko zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe nk’uko byasobanuwe n’uhagarariye Akarere ka Gatsibo, ko icyo bongeraho ari uko n’ingingo z’amategeko zashingiweho mu nkiko zibanza ari zimwe.

Basobanura ko mu gika cya 20 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko icyemezo cyafashwe na RPPA gikurikije amategeko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 176, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta, iyi ngingo akaba ari na yo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiyeho mu kwemeza ko icyemezo cya RPPA gikurikije amategeko, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza No RCOMA 00899/2020/HCC rujuririrwa. [33] Bavuga kandi ko mu bika bya 30-32 by’urubanza No RCOM 00596/2020/TC-CMB RCOM 00880/2020/TC, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu kwemeza ko amasezerano yari hagati ya MAXWELL Ltd n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo yasheshwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 93 y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta, akaba ari nayo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiyeho mu bika bya 32-34 by’urubanza No RCOMA 00899/2020/HCC rujuririrwa.

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[34] Abahagarariye MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert biregura kuri iyi nzitizi bavuga ko nta shingiro ifite, ko batatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko ibibazo byasuzumwe n’izo nkiko zombi atari bimwe, kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoporoye ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, bikaba rero bitafatwa ko hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [35] Basobanura ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ibibazo bibiri by’ingenzi ari byo: kumenya niba icyemezo Nº.527/2020/BD/D cya RPPA cyo ku wa 25/02/2020 giheza MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta gikwiye guteshwa agaciro, no gusuzuma niba amasezerano MAXWELL Ltd yari ifitanye n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo yarasheshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Ku byerekeye icyemezo cya RPPA, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rushingiye ko imikono na kashi byashyizwe ku byangombwa byatanzwe na MAXWELL Ltd bitashyizweho n’Abanyamabanga b’imirenge yavuzwe mu rubanza, mu gika cya 21, rwemeje ko icyemezo cya RPPA gifite ishingiro, naho ku byerekeye amaserano yasheshwe n’Uturere twa Gatsibo na Gakenke, rushingira na none ku kuba MAXWELL Ltd yarakoresheje inyandiko yabonye mu nzira z’uburiganya mu gika cya 32 rwemeza ko amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [36] Basobanura kandi ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwo rwasuzumye ibibazo bikurikira : kumenya niba RPPA itaragombaga guhana

MAXWEL Ltd kuko nta mugambi wacuzwe wo kubeshya Akarere ka Gakenke na Gatsibo kugira ngo ibone isoko itashoboraga guhabwa; kumenya niba umukono na kashe bya Noteri byashyizwe ku nyandiko zikoreshwa mu ipiganwa, bitari ngombwa ku bapiganira isoko ryatanzwe n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo; kumenya niba imikono na kashe za noteri zikemangwa na RPPA atari inyandiko zigaragaza ubushobozi bwa MAXWELL Ltd yakoresheje kugira ngo itsindire isoko; kumenya niba amasezerano MAXWELL Ltd yagiranye n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo yarasheshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko no kumenya niba ababuranyi muri uru rubanza bakwiye guhabwa indishyi zinyuranye basabye, bakaba rero basanga ibibazo byasuzumwe n’inkiko zombi atari bimwe. [37] Bavuga kandi ko ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba icyemezo cya RPPA cyo ku wa 25/02/2020 giheza MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta gikwiye guteshwa agaciro, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu gika cya 16 n’icya 17 rwashingiye ku ngingo 176 n’ingingo ya 180 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta ariko ntirwazihuza n’uko ibintu byagenze ahubwo ruvuga gusa ko izo nyandiko zitavugisha ukuri, naho Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwo rusuzuma niba inyandiko ziriho umukono wa Noteri zari ngombwa, hanyuma ibyo rwemeje mu gika cya 23 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa bikaba bitandukanye n’ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi. Bavuga ko mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi MAXWELL Ltd yatsinzwe no

kuba izo nyandiko zitavugisha ukuri ariko mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi nyuma yo gusuzuma ko izo nyandiko zari ngombwa cyangwa zitari ngombwa, MAXWELL itsindwa nuko izo nyandiko zari ngombwa, ko rero impamvu zashingiweho n’inkiko zombi atari zimwe. [38] Bavuga na none ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoporoye ibyavuzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi bikaba bitashingirwaho nk’impamvu yatuma ubujurire butakirwa kuko rwagombaga gusobanura niba koko harabaye umugambi wo guhabwa ibyo MAXWELL Ltd itariguhabwa ndetse rukanasuzuma niba imikono yashyizwe kuri diplome z’abakozi bahari igaragaza ubushobozi. Bityo ko kuba mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko Rukuru

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rw’Ubucuruzi rwarateruye ibyavuzwe mu gika cya 20 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi bidakwiye gufatwa ko hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/06/2021, aho rwatanze umurongo ku makosa yo gukoporora ijambo ku rindi inyandiko z’ababuranyi cyangwa ibisobanuro biri mu rundi rubanza.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert baratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [40] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ibikurikira: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”. [41] Ku bijyanye n’ibisobanuro by’impamvu zimwe, Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byafashweho umurongo mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’uru Rukiko, mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere arizo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe3. Ibi kandi byumvikanisha ko impamvu zimwe sizumirwa mu mbago z’ibyajuririwe hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe

ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe. [42] Na none mu rubanza Nº RCOMAA 0048/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/05/2017, haburana RRA na SODAR Ltd4, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, hatarebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarashubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa. [43] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert baregeye Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi barusaba gutesha agaciro no gukuraho icyemezo cyafashwe na RPPA cyo kubaheza gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi (7), no guhabwa indishyi

3 Reba urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020, haburana SANLAM AG Plc na UR; Urubanza N◦ RCOMAA 0038/16/CS-RCOMAA 0033/2016/CS hagati ya Bank of Kigali Ltd na MULISA KANA Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017, igika cya 21. Reba kandi igika cya 12 cy’urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza Nº RCOMAA 00010/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/03/2019, haburana KOPERATIVE DUKUNDUMURIMO (KOADU) na KING CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICE COMPANY (KICOSECA); Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Products na MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, igika cya 24. 4 Reba igika cya 18 cy’urwo rubanza.

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zinyuranye, banaregera ko amasezerano Nº 00-000005/C/NCB/2018/2019/GKKE (Gakenke) yo ku wa 04/3/2019 na Nº00-000005/C/NCB/2019/2020/Gatsibo District yo ku wa 12/12/2019 yasheshwe bidakurikije amategeko n’indishyi. Urwo Rukiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba icyemezo No 527/2020/BD/D cya RPPA cyo ku wa 25/02/2020 giheza MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta gikwiye guteshwa agaciro, kumenya niba amasezerano MAXWELL Ltd yari ifitanye n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo yarasheshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko n’ikibazo kijyanye n’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza, iz’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [44] Mu rubanza No RCOMA 00899/2020/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 31/03/2022, urwo Rukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba RPPA itaragombaga guhana MAXWEL Ltd kuko nta mugambi wacuzwe wo kubeshya Akarere ka Gakenke na Gatsibo kugira ngo ibone isoko itashoboraga guhabwa, icyo kumenya niba umukono na kashe bya Noteri ku nyandiko zikoreshwa mu ipiganwa, bitari ngombwa ku bapiganira isoko ryatanzwe n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo, icyo kumenya niba imikono na kashe za Noteri zikemangwa na RPPA atari inyandiko zigaragaza ubushobozi bwa MAXWELL Ltd yakoresheje kugira ngo itsindire isoko, icyo kumenya niba amasezerano MAXWELL Ltd yagiranye n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo, yarasheshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko ndetse n’icyo

kumenya niba ababuranyi bakwiye guhabwa indishyi zinyuranye basabye. [45] Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba icyemezo No 527/2020/BD/D cya RPPA cyo ku wa 25/02/2020 giheza MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGEZEHE Robert gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta gikwiye guteshwa agaciro, mu gika cya 17 kugeza mu gika cya 18, by’urubanza No RCOM 00596/2020/TC-CMB RCOM 00880/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, urwo Rukiko rwasanze icyemezo No 527/2020/BD/D cya RPPA gishingiye ku kuba iyo sosiyete yaratsindiye isoko ryo kugenzura imirimo yo kubaka icyicaro gikuru cy’Akarere ka Gakenke ikoresheje inyandiko zigizwe n’imikono na kashe bya Noteri bitari byo (false notary stamp and signature)5, rwemeza ko izo nyandiko zigizwe na : Certificates of Good completion na Degrees ya NKURUNZIZA David n’iya HABIMANA Emmanuel, ko ari zo zatumye RPPA ishingiye ku ngingo ya 176, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta iheza MAXWELL Ltd n’Umuyobozi wayo MPAGAZEHE Robert gupiganira amasoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi (7). [46] Na none rushingiye ku ngingo ya 176, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko n°62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta, mu gika cya 20 cy’urwo rubanza, rwemeza ko icyemezo cyo guheza MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta gikurikije amategeko, kuko igihe iyo sosiyete yapiganiraga amasoko avugwa haruguru, yatanze amakuru atari yo arebana n’inyandiko z’iyo sosiyete yatanze

ipigana zagaragazaga ko zashyizweho imikono n’aba Noteri b’Imirenge ya Kimisagara na Remera kandi atari byo, hanyuma mu gika cya 22 rwemeza ko nta mpamvu n’imwe yo gutesha agaciro cyangwa gukuraho icyemezo No.527/2020/BD/D cyo ku wa 25/02/2020 cyafashywe na RPPA cyo guheza MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZE Robert gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi (7) kuko gishingiye ku mategeko, bityo ko ikirego cya MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert nta shingiro gifite. [47] Kuri iki kibazo kimaze kuvugwa haruguru, n‘ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakigabanyijemo ingingo eshatu, ari zo : kumenya niba RPPA itaragombaga guhana MAXWELL

5 RPPA decision No.527/2020/BD/D, 25/02/2020, p.1

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Ltd kuko nta mugambi wacuzwe wo kubeshya Akarere ka Gakenke na Gatsibo kugira ngo ibone isoko itashoboraga guhabwa, icyo kumenya niba umukono na kashe bya noteri ku nyandiko zikoreshwa mu ipiganwa, bitari ngombwa ku bapiganira isoko ryatanzwe n’Akarere ka Gakenke n‘aka Gatsibo n’ icyo kumenya niba imikono na kashe bya Noteri zikemangwa na RPPA atari inyandiko zigaragaza ubushobozi bwa MAXWELL Ltd yakoresheje kugira ngo itsindire isoko, ariko mu gika cya 12 kugeza mu gika cya 15 by’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, urwo Rukiko rwasanze icyemezo cya RPPA cyarafashwe hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 176 n’iya 178 z’Itegeko n◦ 62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta kuko MAXWELL Ltd yatanze inyandiko ziriho amakashe ya Noteri ndetse n’umukono we bitavugisha ukuri. Mu gika cya 16 ku geza mu gika cya 17, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 176 n’iya 178 z’Itegeko n◦62/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru rwemeza ko icyemezo cyafashwe na RPPA cyafashwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, kuko bigaragara ko MAXWELL Ltd yakoze ikosa ryo gutanga amakuru atavugisha ukuri ku bijyanye na sosiyete, ko rero ibyo ivuga ko RPPA itagombaga guhana MAXWEL Ltd kuko nta mugambi wacuzwe wo kubeshya Akarere ka Gakenke na Gatsibo kugira ngo ibone isoko itashoboraga guhabwa, nta shingiro bifite. [48] Urwo Rukiko na none, mu gika cya 23 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa rushingiye ku biteganywa n‘ingingo ya 176

igika cya 1, agace ka 1, y’Itegeko n◦62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta rwasanze iby’uko umukono na kashe bya Noteri ku nyandiko zikoreshwa mu ipiganwa, bitari ngombwa ku bapiganira isoko ryatanzwe n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo, nta shingiro bifite kuko ubwabyo bidakuraho ko mu nyandiko MAXWELL Ltd yatanze mu isoko ryatanzwe n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo, yakoze ikosa ryo gutanga amakuru atari yo ku bijyanye na sosiyete. Mu gika cya 28 rusanga iby’uko imikono na kashe bya Noteri zikemangwa na RPPA atari inyandiko zigaragaza ubushobozi bwa MAXWELL Ltd yakoresheje kugira ngo itsindire isoko, nta shingiro bifite kuko bigaragara ko MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert bahejwe hashingiwe ku kuba mu nyandiko MAXWELL Ltd yatanze mu isoko ryatanzwe n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo, yarakoze ikosa ryo gutanga amakuru atari yo ku bijyanye na sosiyete. [49] Urukiko rurasanga n‘ubwo ikibazo cyo kumenya niba icyemezo No.527/2020/BD/D cya RPPA cyo ku wa 25/02/2020 giheza MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert gupiganwa mu masoko ya Leta gikwiye guteshwa agaciro, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwagisuzumye mu ngingo imwe, naho Urukiko Rukuru rw‘Ubucuruzi rukagisuzuma mu ngingo eshatu, ikigaragara nuko inkiko zombi zashingiye ku bikubiye muri icyo cyemezo cyafashwe na RPPA rusanga MAXWELL Ltd mu gupiganira isoko yatsindiye mu Karere ka Gatsibo n’Akarere ka Gakenke yaratanze amakuru

atavugisha ukuri ku bijyanye na sosiyete, zemeza ko icyo cyemezo kidakwiye guteshwa agaciro zishingiye ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 176 y’Itegeko n◦62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta. Bityo rero, kuri iki kibazo MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert batsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [50] Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba amasezerano MAXWELL Ltd yari ifitanye n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo, yarasheshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, mu gika cya 30 kugeza mu gika cya 32 by’urubanza No RCOM 00596/2020/TC-CMB RCOM 00880/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, urwo Rukiko rwasanze utwo Turere twarasheshe amasezerano twari dufitanye na MAXWELL Ltd dushingiye ku ngingo ya 93 y’Itegeko n°62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta, maze narwo rushingiye kuri iyo ngingo rusanga MAXWELL Ltd igihe yatsindiraga amasoko ya Leta mu Karere ka Gakenke

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n’aka Gatsibo, yarakoresheje inyandiko yabonye mu nzira z’uburiganya, rwemeza ko amasezerano iyo sosiyete yagiranye n’utwo Turere yasheshwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [51] Mu rubanza No RCOMA 00899/2020/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, mu gika cya 33 kugeza mu gika cya 34, urwo Rukiko rwagaragaje ko Akarere ka Gakenke n’Akarere ka Gatsibo twasheshe amasezerano twari dufitanye na MAXWELL dushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 93, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko n◦ 62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018, ryavuzwe haruguru kuko twasanze mu nyandiko MAXWELL Ltd yatanze mu gupiganira isoko, harimo izitavugisha ukuri nk’uko byagaragajwe na RPPA, maze narwo rushingiye kuri iyo ngingo ya 93 rwemeza ko ibivugwa na MAXWELL Ltd ko amasezerano yagiranye n’Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Gatsibo, yasheshwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, nta shingiro bifite, kuko bigaragara ko yasheshwe hashingiwe ku kuba mu gupiganira isoko, bigaragara ko MAXWELL Ltd yakoresheje inyandiko yabonye mu nzira z’uburiganya, ko rero ubujurire bwa MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert, nta shingiro bufite. [52] Kuri iki kibazo Urukiko rurasanga inkiko zombi zarashingiye ku ngingo 93, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko n◦62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta, zemeza ko amasoko MAXWELL Ltd yari ifitanye n’Akarere ka Gatsibo n’aka Gakenke yasheshwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, kuko yasheshwe hashingiwe ku kuba MAXWELL Ltd

yarakoresheje inyandiko yabonye mu nzira z’uburiganya, bityo impamvu zashingiweho n’inkiko zombi mu gusubiza iki kibazo zikaba ari zimwe. [53] Ku bivugwa n’abahagarariye MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert ko ibibazo byasuzumwe atari bimwe, ko rero batatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru nubwo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ikibazo kijyanye n’icyemezo cyafashwe na RPPA mu ngingo eshatu ariko imitekerereze yarwo kuri icyo kibazo ihuye n’imitekerereze y’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, impamvu zashingiweho akaba ari zimwe. Naho ku byo bavuga ko mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwateruye (gukoporora) ibyavuzwe mu gika cya 20 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ko rero bitafatwa ko batsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko atari ukuri, kuko ntaho Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwigeze ruterura (rukoporora) ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ahubwo icyabayeho ni uko inkiko zombi zashubije ibibazo zishingiye ku mpamvu zimwe. Urukiko rurasanga kandi n’iyo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaba rwarashingiye ku magambo cyangwa ku gitekerezo cyashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, maze rukanzura ko rwemeranya n’ibyavuzwe n’Urukiko rubanza, ntaho bihuriye no gukoporora bivugwa mu rubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2020/SC kuko byitwa gukoporora iyo

Urukiko rwakoporoye ijambo ku rindi nta na gito rusize cyangwa ruhinduye ku bisobanuro byatanzwe mu rubanza rwari rwajuririwe kandi ntaho rwabanje kuvuga ko rwemeranya narwo. [54] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert baratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, bityo ubujurire bwabo bukaba butagomba kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire.

3. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro

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[55] Abahagarariye MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka abaregwa bose kwishyura MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert 3.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 10.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, akubiyemo n’ayo batahawe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [56] Abahagarariye RPPA biregura ku mafaranga asabwa na MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert bavuga ko nta shingiro afite, ko ahubwo RPPA ariyo igomba kugenarwa amafaranga isaba. Basobanura ko RPPA ishingiye ku ngingo ya 111 n’iya 152 z'Itegeko n°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, isaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert gufatanya guha RPPA 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza yiyongera ku yo yatsindiye mu manza zabanje. [57] Abahagarariye Akarere ka Gatsibo bashingiye ku ngingo ya 152 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga ku bujurire bwuririye ku bundi, no ku ngingo ya 26 y’Amabwiriza Nº 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka mu Rwanda, iteganya ko igihembo fatizo cya Avoka kigomba kuba hagati ya 500.000 Frw na 5.000.000 Frw, basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert gusubiza Akarere ka Gatsibo 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, na 2.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego rw’Ubujurire. [58] Uhagarariye Akarere ka Gakenke ashingiye ku ngingo

ya 111 n'iya 152 z'Itegeko n°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru n’ingingo ya 2 (1) (b), iya 65, iya 66 n'iya 67 z'Itegeko Nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw'Abavoka mu Rwanda rikanagena imitunganyirize n'imikorere byarwo, asaba Urukiko rw'Ubujurire gutegeka MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert kwishyura Akarere ka Gakenke 1.000.000 Frw ajyanye no kurutegura, kurukurikirana no kuruburana, yiyongera ku yo kagenewe ku nzego zabanje.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [59] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [60] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa na RPPA n’Akarere ka Gankeke ndetse n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa n’Akarere ka Gatsibo afite ishingiro, ariko ayo basaba ni menshi harebwe ko urubanza rugarukiye ku nzitizi, bityo mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko RPPA n’Akarere ka Gakenke bagomba guhabwa na MAXWELL Ltd ifatanyina na MPAGAZEHE Robert 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri buri wese, naho Akarere ka Gatsibo bakagaha 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, atanzwe kuri uru rwego. [61] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert basaba nta shingiro afite kuko ubujurire bwabo butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [62] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko yatanzwe na RWANDA PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AUTHORITY (RPPA) n’Akarere ka Gatsibo ifite ishingiro. [63] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw‘Ubujurire. [64] Rutegetse MAXWELL Ltd na MPAGAZEHE Robert gufatanya kwishyura RWANDA PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AUTHORITY (RPPA) n’Akarere ka Gakenke 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri buri wese, no kwishyura Akarere ka Gatsibo 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, atanzwe kuri uru rwego. [65] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.