MURORUNKWERE vs RWAGASANA

# MURORUNKWERE vs RWAGASANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-14 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00012/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

MURORUNKWERE vs RWAGASANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00012/2024/CA (Munyangeri., P.J.) 14 Gashyantare 2025] Amategeko yerekeye ububasha bw’Inkiko – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – gutsindwa mu Nkiko za banje kubera impamvu zimwe – Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’impamvu zashingiweho na buri Rukiko kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubije mu buryo bumwe. Amategeko yerekeye ububasha bw’Inkiko – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – gutsindwa mu Nkiko za banje kubera impamvu zimwe – Nta gereranya rishobora gukorerwa ku bibazo bidafitanye isano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Rwagasana arega Murorunkwere mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba gutegeka ko bagabana imitungo bari basangiye mu gihe babanaga nk’umugabo n’umugore nubwo batasezeranye, igizwe n’ikibanza gifite UPI:1/03/10/184 kirimo amazu, giherereye mu Karere ka Kicukiro, ikibanza gifite UPI: 5/02/13/01/10 kirimo inzu, giherereye mu Karere ka Nyagatare, isambu irimo inzu ifite UPI:5/02/06/01/301, iherereye mu Karere ka Nyagatare. Rwagasana mu Rukiko yasobanuye kandi ko hari indi mitungo yanditswe ku mazina ya Murorunkwere 100%, ariko nayo ikwiye kugabanwa, irimo ikibanza n'inzu biri muri UPI: 02/03/11/187, giherereye mu Karere ka Nyagatare, ndetse n’imitungo yimukanwa bari bahuriyeho harimo imodoka TOYOTA RAV4 RAB 886 P, na AVENSIS VERSO RAD 911H. Murorunkwere yireguye avuga ko yari asanzwe ari umucuruzi muri gare ya Nyabugogo, bamenyana na Rwagasana, barakundana baza kubana imyaka umunani banabyarana bana babiri. Avuga ko nubwo babanye nta gikorwa cy’iterambere Rwagasana yigeze akora muri urwo rugo yamusanzemo. Ku bijyanye n’imitungo Rwagasana yifuza ko bagabana, Murorunkwere yasobanuye ko Rwagasana nta ruhare yagize mu kuyishaka, ko n’imwanditseho yabikoze mu buryo bw’uburiganya, asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite. Urukiko mu rubanza RC01073/2021/TGI/NYGE rushingiye ku ngingo ya 39, igika cya 2 y’itegeko n˚ 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose, rishingiye ku gitsina, rwemeje ko, ikirego cya Rwagasana gifite ishingiro; rutegeka ko imitungo Rwagasana aregera bayigabana mu buryo bungana. Murorunkwere yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, anenga Urukiko Rwisumbuye kuba, rwaremeje ko agabana na Rwagasana imitungo kandi yararugaragarije ko nta ruhare ayifiteho; kuba ntacyo rwavuze ku mitungo Murorunkwere yasabye kubagabanya kuko yagize uruhare mu kuyishaka; kuba nta cyo rwavuze ku birebana n’aho abana bagomba kurererwa, ibibatunga, kwivuza no kurihirwa amashuri kandi yari yabirusabye. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00371/2021/HC/KIG rushingiye ku ngingo ya 39, igika cya 2 n’icya 3 y’itegeko N˚59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina, no ku ngingo ya 3 y’amasezerano mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bw’umwana, rwemeje ko, ubujurire bwa Murorunkwere bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza ko Rwagasana na Murorunkwere bagabana ku buryo bungana imitungo bafite igizwe na UPI: 1/03/10/184, uherereye mu Karere ka Kicukiro, ikibanza kirimo inzu UPI: 5/02/13/01/10, giherereye mu Karere ka Nyagatare, isambu irimo inzu iri muri UPI: 5/02/06/01/301 mu Karere ka Nyagatare, imodoka AVENSIS VERSO RAD 911 H, inka enye (4) Murorunkwere yaguze na Rwagasana.

## Page 2

Rutegeka ko abana Ganza na Gaju Daniella bazakomeza kurerwa na nyina Murorunkwere, Rwagasana akajya atanga indezo y’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu (300,000Frw) buri kwezi. Murorunkwere yongeye kujurira urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, Rwagasana yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ishingiye ku kuba Murorunkwere yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Murorunkwere yireguye kuri iyi nzitizi avuga ko atatsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Urukiko mu rubanza RCAA 00012/2024/CA, rwemeje ko Murorunkwere yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe kuko ikibazo inkiko zombi zabanje zasuzumye ari kimwe kijyanye no kumenya niba Rwagasana yagabana na Murorunkwere imitungo bashakanye mu gihe babanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo, zemeza ko bagomba kuyigabana. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’impamvu zashingiweho na buri Rukiko kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubije mu buryo bumwe. 2. Nta gereranya rishobora gukorerwa ku bibazo bidafitanye isano. Bityo, mu gusuzuma niba uwajuriye yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ntiharebwa umubare w’ibibazo izo nkiko zasuzumye, ahubwo hakorwa igereranya ry’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko ku bibazo zasuzumye kandi bisa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3 y’itegeko N˚ 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC, haburana Sanlam Assurances Générales Plc na University of Rwanda UR, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020,), igika cya 23. Urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza RCOMAA00005/2023/CA haburana Heaven Construction and Supply Ltd na Niletrac Rwanda Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/05/2024, igika cya 18. Urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2020/SC haburana Banque Populaire du Rwanda Atlas Mara Plc na Nkusi Evariste rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020, igika cya 29 Urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2020/SC haburana Banque Populaire du Rwanda Atlas Mara Plc na Nkusi Evariste, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Rwagasana John avuga ko yabanye na Murorunkwere Jeanne nk’umugore n’umugabo batashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko kuva mu mwaka wa 2005, babyarana abana babiri aribo Ganza Daniel na Gaju Daniella, nyuma baza kunaniranwa Rwagasana John ava mu rugo mu rwego rwo kugira ngo haboneke umutekano. [2] Rwagasana John yareze Murorunkwere Jeanne mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba Urukiko gutegeka ko bagabana imitungo bari basangiye mu gihe babanaga igizwe n’ikibanza kirimo

## Page 3

amazu gifite UPI:1/03/10/184, giherereye mu Karere ka Kicukiro, mu Murenge wa Kanombe, mu Kagali ka Nyarungunga, mu mudugudu wa Kamashahi, gifite agaciro k’amafaranga miliyoni mirongo ine n’esheshatu, ibihumbi magana ane na makumyabiri na bitandatu na magana atanu na mirongo icyenda (46,426,590 Frw); ikibanza kirimo inzu gifite UPI: 5/02/13/01/10, giherereye ahitwa Bugaragara, mu Kagali ka Gacundezi, mu murenge wa Rwimiyaga, mu Karere ka Nyagatare, gifite agaciro k’amafaranga miliyoni umunani n’ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itatu na kimwe ( 8,231,000 Frw); isambu irimo inzu ifite UPI: 5/02/06/01/301, iherereye Bwera, mu Murenge wa Matimba, mu Karere ka Nyagatare, mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, ifite agaciro k’amafaranga miliyoni cumi n’eshatu, ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo icyenda na kimwe na magana atanu (13,291,500Frw). [3] Rwagasana Joh imbere y’urukiko yasobanuye kandi ko hari indi mitungo bari barumvikanye ko yandikwa ku mazina ya Murorunkwere Jeannne ku rugero rwa 100%, bityo ko nayo bakwiye kuyigabana, ikaba igizwe n’ikibanza n'inzu gifite UPI: 02/03/11/187, giherereye mu Karere ka Nyagatare, mu Murenge wa Karangazi, mu Kagali ka Rwisirabo, mu Mudugudu wa Humure; ikibanza giherereye muri Kayonza baguze amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri (2,000,000 Frw) mu mwaka wa 2018. Avuga kandi ko hari imitungo yimukanwa bari bahuriyeho harimo imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa TOYOTA RAV4 RAB 886 P, n’iyo mu bwoko bwa AVENSIS VERSO RAD 911H. [4] Murorunkwere Jeanne yireguye avuga ko yari asanzwe ari umucuruzi muri gare ya Nyabugogo, aza kumenyana na Rwagasana John wari usanzwe ufite abandi bagore batandukanye, baba inshuti kugaza ubwo mu mwaka wa 2002 biyemeje kubana badashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Yemera koko ko muri uko kubana kwabo babyaranye bana babiri (2) b’impanga, icyo gihe bari bafite imyaka umunani (8) y’amavuko. Avuga ko Rwagasana John yamutaye ajya gushaka undi mugore, kandi ko mu myaka yose bamaranye babana nk’umugore n’umugabo, nta gikorwa cy’iterambere Rwagasana John yigeze akora muri urwo rugo yamusanzemo, ko ahubwo asa n’uwarujemo agamije kumukuraho imitungo. [5] Ku bijyanye n’imitungo Rwagasana John yifuza ko bagabana, Murorunkwere Jeanne yasobanuye ko Rwagasana John aza kubana na we, yasanze Murorunkwere Jeanne afite inzu, aza kuyigurisha aguramo indi ifite UPI: 1/03/10/01/184, iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kabagendwa, Akagari ka Kamashashi, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali, ko Rwagasana John yaje kuwibaruzaho uruhare rwa 50% nyamara mu by’ukuri nta ruhare yagize mu kuwuhaha ndetse ko Murorunkwere Jeanne ari we wakomeje ibikorwa byo kuyisana no kuyitunganya nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yanditse mu mazina ye asaba icyangombwa cyo gusana iyo nzu. Avuga rero ko n’ubwo Rwagasana John yanditsweho uruhare rwa 50% badakwiye kugabana uwo mutungo, ngo keretse abaye ashoboye kugaragaza ibimenyetso bigaragaza uruhare rwe mu gushaka uwo mutungo, ko ahubwo ukwiye kwandikwa kuri Murorunkwere ku ruhare rwa 100%. [6] Murorunkwere Jeanne yasobanuye kandi ko yari afite inka mu gihugu cya Uganda, arazigurisha, amafaranga akuyemo ayagura ubutaka bwahoze ari ubwa Mugabo David, bufite UPI : 5/02/03/11/187, buherereye mu Mudugudu wa Humure, Akagari ka Rwisirabo, Umurenge wa Karangazi, Akarere ka Nyagatare, Intara y’Iburasirazuba, ko bwanditse ku mazina ya Murorunkwere Jeanne wenyine. Yasabye Urukiko kwemeza ko nta ruhare Rwagasana John afite kuri ubwo butaka. [7] Ku mutungo ufite UPI : 5/02/06/01/301, uherereye Bwera- i Matimba, Murorunkwere Jeanne yireguye avuga ko ari ubutaka yahawe na Komisiyo yatangaga ubutaka mu Karere ka Nyagatare. Asobanura ko icyo gihe yasaranganyije n’uwitwa Uwimana Peter, akaba yarabusabye bitewe n’uko yari afite inka nyinshi, ko ariko yatunguwe no gusanga na Rwagasana John yarabwibarujeho batabivuganyeho, amuhisha n’icyangombwa cyabwo. Yavuze ko nyuma yo kumusaba kubwiyandukuzaho yabyanze, abonye bigenze bityo bajya inama yo kubugurisha, ko uwabuguze yahaye Rwagasana John amafarangay’ikiguzi yose, ayashyira ku mufuka we, ko yabonye bigenze bityo akanga kumukoreshereza ihererekanyamutungo, maze Rwagasana John yiyemeza kumuha ingurane y’ubundi butaka bwanditse kuri

## Page 4

Ngofero Tharcisse na Mushashi Béatrice, ko rero icyo kibanza kigihari kuko ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Matimba bwinjiye mu kibazo cyacyo, busanga Murorunkwere Jeanne atarahawe amafaranga cyagurishijwe kandi byari bizwi ko ari icye. Yasabye Urukiko gutesha agaciro ubwo bugure, kuko nta ruhare Rwagasana John yagize mu kuwushaka. [8] Ku mutungo ufite UPI : 5/02/13/01/10, uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Bugaragara, Akagali ka Gacundezi, Umurenge wa Rwimiyaga, Akarere ka Nyagatare, Intara y’Iburasirazuba, Murorunkwere Jeanne yireguye avuga ko ari impano yahawe n’uwari konseye witwa Mweshezi watangaga ibibanza muri icyo gihe. Yavuze ko n’ubwo Rwagasana John yibarujeho uwo mutungo, nta burenganzira agomba kuwugiraho, ngo kuko nta ruhare yagize mu kuwushaka. [9] Ku mutungo ufite UPI : 5/04/04/04/84, uherereye mu Mudugudu w’Iragwe, Akagari ka Nyagatovu, Umurenge wa Mukarange, Akarere ka Kayonza, Intara y’Iburasirazuba, Murorunkwere Jeanne yireguye avuga ko wanditse mu mazina ye. Avuga ko yawuguze atakibana na Rwagasana John, kandi ko amafaranga yawuguze yakomotse ku bucuruzi asanzwe akora, akaba nta ruhare Rwagasana John yagize mu igurwa ryawo. [10] Ku modoka yo mu bwoko bwa TOYOTA RAV 4 RAB 886 P, Murorunkwere Jeanne yireguye avuga ko yayiguze ku itariki ya 28/01/2009, ko amafaranga yayiguze yayakuye mu bucuruzi yakoreraga muri gare ya Nyabugogo, aho yakoreye mu muryango ufite n˚ 22 mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga icumi (10), kandi ko ibyangombwa byayo biri mu mazina ye. [11] Murorunkwere Jeanne yasoje asaba urukiko gutegeka Rwagasana John kumuha inka enye (4) baguze, ngo kuko yanze kuzimuha azita ize kandi ari we waziguriye. [12] Mu rubanza RC01073/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 30/06/2021, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 39, igika cya 2 y’itegeko N˚ 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose, rishingiye ku gitsina, rwemeje ko: Ikirego cya Rwagasana gifite ishingiro ; Imitungo ikurikira bayigabana mu buryo bungana : umutungo UPI:1/03/10/184, giherereye mu Karere ka Kicukiro, mu Murenge wa Kanombe, mu Kagari ka Nyarugunga. Ikibanza kirimo inzu UPI: 5/02/13/01/10, giherereye Bugaragara, mu Kagari ka Gacundezi, mu Murenge wa Rwimiyaga, mu Karere ka Nyagatare. Isambu irimo inzu UPI: 5/02/06/01/301, iherereye Bwera, mu Murenge wa Matimba, mu Karere ka Nyagatare. Imodoka AVENSIS VERSO RAD 911 H nayo bagomba kuyigabana kuko bigaragara bayiguze bombi, inka enye (4) Murorunkwere Jeanne yaguze na Rwagasana John mu mwaka wa 2016 bazigabanamo kabiri ; Murorunkwere Jeanne asubiza Rwagasana John amafaranga y’amagarama yatanze arega. [13] Murorunkwere Jeanne yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, anenga Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuba : Rwaremeje ko agabana na Rwagasana John imitungo kandi yararugaragarije ko nta ruhare ayifiteho ; Ntacyo rwavuze ku mitungo Murorunkwere Jeanne yari yasabye kubagabanya kuko yagize uruhare mu kuyishaka ; Mu gufata icyemezo, nta cyo rwavuze ku birebana n’aho abana bagomba kurererwa, ibubatunga, kwivuza no kurihirwa amashuri kandi yari yabirwerertse. [14] Mu rubanza RCA00371/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 28/11/2023, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 39, igika cya 2 n’icya 3 y’itegeko N˚59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008

## Page 5

rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina, ku ngingo ya y’itegeko N˚71/2018 ryo ku wa 31/08/2018 ryerekeye kurengera umwana, no ku ngingo ya 3 y’amasezerano mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bw’umwana, rwemeje ko : Rwemeje kwakira ubujurire bwa Murorunkwere Jeanne, rubusuzumye rusanga bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe ; Rwemeje ko urubanza RC01073/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 30/06/2021, ruhindutse kuri bimwe ; Rwagasana John na Murorunkwere Jeanne bagabana ku buryo bungana imitungo bafite igizwe na UPI: 1/03/10/184, uherereye mu Karere ka Kicukiro, ikibanza kirimo inzu UPI: 5/02/13/01/10, giherereye Bugaragara, mu Kagali ka Gacundezi, mu Murenge wa Rwimiyaga, mu Karere ka Nyagatare, isambu irimo inzu UPI: 5/02/06/01/301, iherereye Bwera, mu Murenge wa Matimba, mu Karere ka Nyagatare, imodoka AVENSIS VERSO RAD 911 H, inka enye (4) Murorunkwere Jeanne yaguze na Rwagasana John mu mwaka wa 2016; Abana Ganza Daniel na Gaju Daniella bazakomeza kurerwa na nyina Murorunkwere Jeanne, Rwagasana John akajya atanga indezo y’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu (300,000Frw) buri kwezi ; Nta mafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka cyangwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza akwiye gutangwa muri uru rubanza ; Amagarama y’urubanza yatanzwe na Rwagasana John ari kujurira ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [15] Murorunkwere Jeanne yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCAA00012/2024/CA, maze nyuma y’imihango ntegurarubanza yose, hemezwa ko ruzaburanishwa ku wa 06/01/2025, uwo munsi ntirwaburanishwa kubera izindi gahunda z’Urukiko, iburanisha ryimurirwa ku wa 05/02/2025. [16] Uwo munsi ababuranyi bose baritabye, Murorunkwere Jeanne yunganiwe na Me Niyibizi Diogēne, Rwagasana John yunganiwe na Me Muhire Jean Marie Eugēne. [17] Rwagasana John n’umwunganira batanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko, ishingiye ku kuba Murorunkwere Jeanne yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [18] Murorunkwere Jeanne n’umwunganira bireguye kuri iyi nzitizi bavuga ko atatsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Urukiko rwemeje ko hagiye kubanza kuburanishwa impaka kuri iyo nzitizi rwasanga nta kibazo cy’iburabubasha gihari, rukabona kujya mu mizi y’urubanza rutakomeza mu mizi, hagasuzumwa n’ikibazo cy’amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza yasabwe. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Murorunkwere Jeanne yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe [19] Rwagasana John n’umwunganira basaba uru Rukiko kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Murorunkwere Jeanne, ngo kubera ko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje, hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [20] Basobanura ko mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, urwo Rukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Rwagasana John na Murorunkwere Jeanne bagabana imitungo barugaragarije, mu gika cya 9 cy’urubanza rutegeka imitungo bagomba kugabana, rushingiye ku itegeko rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina.

## Page 6

[21] Bakomeza bavuga ko mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Murorunkwere Jeanne yasabaga ko na we agira uruhare ku mitungo Rwagasana John yashakanye n’umugore w’isezerano witwa Mukakamanzi Jeanne, mu gika cya 32 cy’urubanza, rusobanura ko Murorunkwere Jeanne agomba kugabana na Rwagasana John imitungo bashakanye yonyine, kandi ko mu gika cya 35 n’icya 36, rwasobanuye impamvu Murorunkwere Jeanne adafite uburenganzira ku yindi mitungo yasabaga kugabana na Rwagasana John. [22] Basoza bavuga ko basanga Murorunkwere Jeanne yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu imwe y’uko atagira uruhare ku mitungo Rwagasana John ahuriyeho n’undi mugore. Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ibibazo bitatu (3), muri byo hakaba harimo bibiri (2) bitasuzumwe ku rwego rubanza, kandi ko mu kugaragaza ko Murorunkwere Jeanne yatsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ikibazo bo bareba ari ikirebana n’imitungo Murorunkwere Jeanne yasabaga kugabana na Rwagasana John kandi batarayishakanye, maze inkiko zombi zemeza ko bagomba kugabana iyo bashakanye yonyine. [23] Murorunkwere Jeanne n’umwunganira bireguye kuri iyi nzitizi bavuga ko nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa. Bavuga ko kuba ibibazo inkiko zombi zasuzumye atari bimwe kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasuzumye ikibazo kimwe naho Urukiko Rukuru rugasuzuma ibibazo bitatu, bihita byumvikanisha ko Murorunkwere Jeanne atatsinzwe muri izo nkiko zombi hashingizwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwirebeye imitungo yanditse kuri Murorunkwere Jeanne na Rwagasana John, naho Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwarageze kure, rukareba imitungo Rwagasana John yagizemo uruhare. [24] Bakomeza bavuga ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, umucamanza atigeze avuga ku kibazo cy’indezo, naho mu Rukiko Rukuru icyo kibazo gishyirwa ku rwego rwo hejuru hasuzumwa ikibazo kirebana n’imibereho n’amashuri by’abana. Ku birebana n’ikibazo inkiko zombi zahuriyeho, bavuga koko ko izo nkiko zombi zahuriye ku kibazo kimwe cyo kumenya niba imitungo Murorunkwere Jeanne na Rwagasana John bagabana imitungo bahuriyeho, ko ariko Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ibini bibazo bibiri byiyongereye ku cyo ruhuriyeho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, ngo akaba ari yo mpamvu bumva ko Murorunkwere Jeanne adashobora kuba yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Uko Urukiko rubibona [25] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Murorunkwere Jeanne yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ku buryo ubujurire bwa kabiri yatanze bwaba butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [26] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3 y’itegeko N˚ 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ibikurikira : “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe.” [27] Ikibazo cyerekeranye no gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe cyafashweho umurongo mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1 ndetse n’uru Rukiko2, aho zagaragaje ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’impamvu zashingiweho na buri Rukiko kugira ngo rugere ku

1 Urubanza n˚ RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020, hagati ya Sanlam Assurances Générales Plc na University of Rwanda (UR), igika cya 23. 2 Urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza n˚ RCOMAA 00005/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/05/2024, haburana Heaven Construction and Supply Ltd na Niletrac Rwanda Ltd, igika cya 18.

## Page 7

cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubije mu buryo bumwe. [28] Mu rubanza RC01073/2019/TGI/NYGE, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasuzumye ikibazo gikurikira : Kumenya niba Rwagasana na Murorunkwere bagabana imitungo bagaragarije urukiko ku buryo bungana. [29] Mu rubanza RCA00371/2021/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ibibazo bikurikira : Kumenya niba hari uruhare Rwagasana John yagize mu gushaka imitungo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko agomba kugabana na Murorunkwere Jeanne ; Kumenya niba indi mitungo ya Rwagasana, Murorunkwere Jeanne nawe yari yasabye urukiko ko mu gihe baba babagabanije nayo bayigabana ngo kuko yayigizemo uruhare mu kuyishaka Kumenya uruhare rwa Rwagasana John mu mibereho n’imyigire y’abana yabyaranye na Murorunkwere Jeanne mu gihe baba bagabanye buri wese agatwara uruhare rwe. [30] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibibazo byasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge atari ko byose byasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ikigaragara akaba ari uko zihuriza ku kibazo kimwe cy’ingenzi gikurikira : Kumenya niba Rwagasana John yagabana na Murorunkwere Jeanne imitungo yarugaragarije avuga ko bashakanye [31] Uru Rukiko rurasanga iyi ngingo ari yo igomba gukorerwaho igereranya hagamijwe kureba niba inkiko zombi zabanje zarashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe zemeza ko Murorunkwere Jeanne ayitsindiwe. [32] Mu rubanza RC01073/2019/TGI/NYGE, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Rwagasana na Murorunkwere bagabana imitungo bagaragarije Urukiko ku buryo bungana. Mu gika cya 9 cy’urwo rubana, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 39, igika cya 2 y’itegeko N˚ 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina, ku bimenyetso bigaragaza ko hari imitungo yabonetse Rwagasana John na Murorunkwere Jeanne babana no kuba hari ibanditseho, rwanzuye ko imitungo bagomba kugabana ari ikurikira : Umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/10/184, uherereye Kicukiro-Kanombe-Nyarugunga; UPI : 5/02/13/01/10, uherereye Bugaragara-Gacundezi-Rwimiyaga-Nyagatare ; UPI : 5/02/06/01/301, luherereye Bwera-Matimba-Nyagatare ; Imodoka AVENSIS VERSO RAD 911 H [33] Mu rubanza RCA 00371/2021/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari uruhare Rwagasana John yagize mu gushaka imitungo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko agomba kugabana na Murorunkwere Jeanne. Mu gika cya 32 cy’urubanza, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 39, igika cya 2 y’itegeko n˚ 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina, ku kuba abo umutungo wanditseho aba ari bo ba nyirawo, rwanzuye ko imitungo yagaragajwe ko yanditse kuri Murorunkwere Jeanne na Rwagasana John bagomba kuyigabana ku buryo bungana, ikaba igizwe na : UPI : 1/03/10/184; UPI : 5/02/13/01/10; UPI : 5/02/06/01/301; Imodoka AVENSIS VERSO RAD 911 H; Inka enye (4) Murorunkwere Jeanne yaguze na Rwagasana John mu mwaka wa 2016.

## Page 8

[34] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ikibazo kimwe rukumbi inkiko zombi zahuriyeho, kirebana no kumenya niba Rwagasana John yagabana na Murorunkwere Jeanne imitungo yavugaga ko bashakanye mu gihe babanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo, nk’uko byagaragajwe mu bika byo hejuru, imitungo inkiko zombi zemeje ko bagabana ku buryo bungana, zafashe uwo mwanzuro zishingiye ku kuba iyo mitungo ibanditseho bombi kandi yaranabonetse mu gihe babanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo. Iyi ngingo Murorunkwere Jeanne akaba yarayitsindiwe mu nkiko zombi kuko we yaburanaga avuga ko badakwiye kuyigabana kuko nta ruhare Rwagasana John yagize mu kuyishaka. [35] Ku bijyanye no Murorunkwere Jeanne n’umwunganira bavuga ko kuba umubare w’ibibazo byasuzumwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje utangana, byumvikanisha ko atatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, uru Rukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite kuko mu gusuzuma niba uwajuriye yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, hatarebwa umubare w’ibibazo izo nkiko zasuzumye, ahubwo hakorwa igereranya ry’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko ku bibazo zasuzumye kandi bisa, ibi akaba ari nabyo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatanzeho umurongo mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020 haburana Banque Populaire du Rwanda Atlas Mara Plc na Nkusi Evariste, aho rwasobanuye ko nta gereranya rishobora gukorerwa ku bibazo bidafitanye isano3. [36] Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’itegeko rigena ububasha bw’inkiko ndetse n’ibikubiye mu manza zatanze umurongo ku gutsindwa k’umuburanyi mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, uru Rukiko rurasanga Murorunkwere Jeanne yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Bityo, ubujurire bwa kabiri Murorunkwere Jeanne yatanze, bukaba butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka [37] Rwagasana John n’umwunganira basaba uru Rukiko gutegeka Murorunkwere Jeanne kumuha amafaranga miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana atanu (4,500,000Frw) akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yatanze mu nzego zose. [38] Murorunkwere Jeanne n’umwunganira nta cyo bavuze kuri aya mafaranga Rwagasana John asaba. Uko Urukiko rubibona [39] Ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira : ” Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [40] Uru Rukiko rurasanga Murorunkwere Jeanne agomba guha Rwagasana John amafaranga y’ibyo yakoresheje mu rubanza kubera ko yashatse Avoka wo kumwunganira no kurukurikirana, akaba agomba kugenwa mu bushishozi bwarwo kubera ko ayo asaba ari menshi. Bityo, Bityo, Murorunkwere Jeanne akaba agomba guha Rwagasana John amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu (300,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

3 Urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2020/SC rwo ku wa 27/11/2020, igika cya 29.

## Page 9

[41] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Rwagasana John, ifite ishingiro. [42] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa kabiri Murorunkwere Jeanne yatanze butakiriwe, kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [43] Rutegetse Murorunkwere Jeanne guha Rwagasana John amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. [44] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama Murorunkwere Jeanne yatanze ajurira, ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.