UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDABABONYE

UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDABABONYE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00086/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDABABONYE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00086/2024/CA (Ndahayo, P.J) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjabyaha bwareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo NDABABONYE Christophe, ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’icyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko byamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu, buvuga ko ku wa 22/12/2019, yategeye umwana witwa U.D mu nzira avuye kuvoma, aramusambanya, nyuma amukerera ijosi, agamije ko atazamurega amusiga mu ishyamba, uwo mwana akaba yarabonywe n’uwitwa NYIRAMATAMA Daphrose atarashiramo umwuka, aramutabariza ajyanwa kwa muganga apfira mu nzira. NDABABONYE Christophe, yaburanye yemera ibyaha ashinjwa, asobanura uko yabikoze, abisabira imbabazi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rushingiye ku kwemera ibyaha kwa NDABABONYE Christophe, gushimangirwa n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko U.D yishwe amaze gusambanywa ndetse n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira ry’umuhoro NDABABONYE yakoresheje amutema, akaba yarayishyizeho umukono we, rwemeza ko ahamwe n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’icyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. NDABABONYE Christophe yajuririye

imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba ko yahabwa igihano kibarika kuko icya burundu kitabarika. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza, nyuma yo gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire rusanga adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano n’ubwo yemeye ibyaha kuko yabikoranye ubugome ndengakamere ndetse bikaba byaranateye ingaruka zikomeye, rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Yongeye kujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije amategeko rumugumisha ku gihano yahawe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye. Asaba Urukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano kuko atazongera ukundi gukora ibyaha nk’ibyo yakoze, ndetse ngo akaba yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho mu nzego zose. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Bityo, rero kuba NDABABONYE Christophe yarafashe umwana w’imyaka umunani (8) udafite imbaraga zo kumurwanya akamuniga, akamukubita ikirindi cy’umuhoro mu mutima, akamusambanya, akanamukerera ijosi, bikamuviramo urupfu, ni ubugome ndengakamere, hakaba hadakwiye kubaho kumugabanyiriza igihano, akaba agomba gukomeza guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, bityo n’ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPA 0129/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014; RPA 0282/08/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Nyirangondo Virginie, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/03/2010; RPAA 00191/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na NSANZABERA Evariste, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/02/2022; RPAA 00131/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Noheri Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/02/2022. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ubushinjabyaha bwareze NDABABONYE Christophe buvuga ko ku wa 22/12/2019, yategereye umwana witwa U.D. mu nzira avuye kuvoma, aramusambanya, nyuma amukerera ijosi, agamije ko atazamurega amusiga mu ishyamba, uwo mwana akaba yarabonywe n’uwitwa NYIRAMATAMA Daphrose atarashiramo umwuka, aramutabariza ajyanwa kwa muganga apfira mu nzira. Nyuma yo gukora iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bwarareze NDABABONYE Christophe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’icyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko byamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [2] NDABABONYE Christophe, yaburanye yemera ibyaha ashinjwa, asobanura uko yabikoze, abisabira imbabazi. [3] Mu rubanza No RP 00059/2020/TGI/GSBO, rwaciwe ku wa 06/03/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rushingiye ku kwemera ibyaha kwa NDABABONYE Christophe, gushimangirwa n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko UWASE Divine yishwe amaze gusambanywa ndetse n’inyandiko

mvugo y’ifatira ry’umuhoro NDABABONYE yakoresheje atema UWASE, akaba yarayishyizeho umukono we, rwemeza ko NDABABONYE Christophe ahamwe n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’icyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [4] NDABABONYE Christophe yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba ko yahabwa igihano kibarika kuko icya burundu kitabarika. [5] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu ze z’ubujurire zidafite ishingiro, ko bunasanga atarubahirije ibihe by’ubujurire, busaba ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahinduka. [6] Mu rubanza No RPA 00645/2020/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 10/01/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire za NDABABONYE Christophe, rwasanze adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano n’ubwo yemeye ibyaha kuko yabikoranye ubugome ndengakamere ndetse bikaba byaranateye ingaruka zikomeye, rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose bityo ko n’ igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe kidahindutse.

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[7] NDABABONYE Christophe, yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa Nº RPAA 00086/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku itariki ya 03/12/2024, NDABABONYE Christophe yitabye yunganiwe na Me RWISUMBURA UMUTONI Therese, Ubushinjacyaha bwitabye buhagarariwe na NIYONKURU Francoise, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire no miburanire ye, NDABABONYE Christophe avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije amategeko rumugumisha ku gihano yahawe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye. Asaba Urukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano kuko atazongera ukundi gukora ibyaha nk’ibyo yakoze. [9] Me RWISUMBURA UMUTONI Therese umwunganira, nawe yunze mubyo NDABABONYE Christophe yavuze, amusabira kugabanyirizwa igihano ngo kuko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho mu nzego zose. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za NDABABONYE Christophe zidafite ishingiro kuko n’ubwo yaburanye yemera ibyaha, atari itegeko ko uwemeye icyaha wese agabanyirizwa ibihano, hagomba gusuzumwa ibintu bitandukanye, nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza ajuririra mu gika cya 19. Busaba ko hagumaho icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [11] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ibibazo bikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari ukumenya niba hari impamvu zatuma NDABABONYE Christophe agabanyirizwa ibihano yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma

NDABABONYE Christophe agabanyirizwa ibihano. [12] NDABABONYE Christophe mu bujurire bwe, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije amategeko rumugumisha ku gihano yahawe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, akavuga ko, yahemutse koko, ariko ko Urukiko ruciye inkoni zamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano atazongera ukundi gukora ibyaha nk’ibyo yakoze, kandi ko byambera amahirwe atuma asubira mu muryango nyarwanda. [13] Akomeza asobanura ko yafashe uwo mwana yari yazindutse kurinda inyoni mu muceri, abonye uwo mwana aramufata aramusambanya, umwana amubwira ko abibwira iwabo, aramuniga, afata umuhoro amukubita ikirindi mu mutima agamije gusibanganya ibimenyetso, kandi ko acyeka ko ari nacyo cyamwishe kuko yamukebye bitari cyane, akaba asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [14] Me RWISUMBURA UMUTONI Therese umwunganira, nawe yunze mu byo NDABABONYE Christophe yavuze, amusabira kugabanyirizwa igihano ngo kuko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho mu nzego zose, asaba Urukiko kuzashingira ku ngingo ya 35 y’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha, nk’Urubanza No ICTR-97-32-1 rwo kuwa 01/06/2000 rw’ubushinjacyaha na Georges Omar Ruggiu. [15] Akomeza avuga ko akibona uru rubanza agiye kureba NDABABONYE Christophe mu igororero rya Bugesera na nyuma yo gusoma dossier, yasanze ibyaha yakoze ari indengakamere

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kuko birenze uko umuntu yabyumva, bikaba bikomeye kandi bidasanzwe, bityo, n’ubwo NDABABONYE Christophe yireze akemera icyaha, asaba ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko rwazagendera ku myanzuro yatanze rukareba niba akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano, rukabigabanya. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za NDABABONYE Christophe zidafite ishingiro kuko n’ubwo yaburanye yemera ibyaha, atari itegeko ko uwemeye icyaha wese agabanyirizwa ibihano, hagomba gusuzumwa ibintu bitandukanye, nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza ajuririra mu gika cya 19, aho by’umwihariko ibyaha yahamijwe yabikoranye ubugome bw’indengakamere ku mwana w’imyaka 8 utarashoboraga no kumurwanya, iyi myaka 8 n’indi mpamvu nkomezacyaha Urukiko rutanavuzeho, Ubushinjacyaha busanga no kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri, Urukiko rudakwiye kumugabanyiriza ibihano kubera impamvu zasobanuwe haruguru. [17] Akomeza avuga ko NDABABONYE Christophe yemeye ibi byaha byombi kuva mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye ariko yongeyeho utuntu tubiri muri uru Rukiko, avuze ko yabanje kumuniga anamukubita igifunga cyo mumutima ahamya ko ari nacyo cyamwishe, ntiyashizwe amukerera ijosi, ibi bikaba ari impamvu nkomezacyaha, kuko ibi bintu bitatu yakoze ku mwana birenze ubwenge bw’umuntu. [18] Yongeraho ko uwemeye icyaha wese atariko agabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko harimo nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00423/2021/CA, rwaciwe

n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/10/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MISAGO Thadée, aho rwemeje ko nta nenge iri mu rubanza rujuririrwa kuko rwashyize mu gaciro rukagenera MISAGO Thadée igihano kiri mu rugero rumwe n’ububi bw’icyaha cyo kwica NZAYISENGA Jean Claude ndetse n’ubugome bwamuranze. [19] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asoza asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa NDABABONYE Christophe nta shingiro bufite kubera ko kuba yarakoreye ibyo byaha byose umwana w’imyaka 8 udashobora kwirwanaho, ari impamvu nkomezacyaha zituma adakwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano n’urubanza rwajuririwe rukagumana agaciro karwo.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma NDABABONYE Christophe yagabanyirizwa igihano cya burundu yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [21] Mu gusesengura hakwifashishwa umurongo wemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPA 0282/08/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/03/2010 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NYIRANGONDO Virginie, (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, Igitabo cya mbere, nº 8, Mutarama 2011, page 21-22 aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatanze umurongo uvuga ko Urukiko rudategetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo”.

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[22] Uyu murongo kandi wanatanzwe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza n° RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciye ku wa 07/03/2014, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na MPITABAKANA ndetse n`imanza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zirimo urubanza n° RPAA 00191/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/02/2022, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na NSANZABERA Evariste n’urubanza RPAA 00131/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/02/2022, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na NOHERI Emmanuel. [23] Dosiye igaragaza inyandikomvugo ya NDABABONYE Christophe yo ku wa 29/12/2019 abazwa mu bugenzacyaha, aho yemeye ibyaha aregwa akaba yarasobanuye ko yabonye UWASE Divine ajya kuvoma yumva ashatse kumusambanya, nibwo yamwihishe mu gihuru ategereza ko ava kuvoma ahita amukata ijosi abona kumusambanya, akaba yarabitewe no kwanga ko aza gutaka arimo amusambanya cyangwa akaza kumurega. Hakaba n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira yo ku wa 25/12/20219 igaragaza umuhoro wakoreshejwe mu gukerera ijosi umwana. [24] Dosiye igaragaza raporo ya muganga yo ku wa 24/12/2019, muri KFL (Kigali Forensic Laboratory), ihamya uburyo bubabaje nyakwigendera yishwemo ndetse abaganga bakoze iyo raporo bahamya ko mbere yo kwicwa nyakwigendera yabanje gusambanywa kuko hari ibimenyetso bamusanganye ku myanya y’ibanga ye bigaragaza ko yasambanyijwe. [25] Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije NDABABONYE Christophe igifungo cya burundu nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 20, rushingiye ku kuba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha

NDABABONYE Christophe yatanze yo kwemera icyaha ashingiraho avuga ko yagombaga kumuhesha igihano cy’igifungo kibarika aricyo gihano cy’igifungo kimara igihe kizwi nta shingiro ifite, bitewe n’uburyo bwagaragajwe yakozemo ibyaha bugizwe n’ubugome ndengakamere ndetse n’ingaruka ibyaha yakoze byagize, rwemeza ko kubera izi mpamvu zituma adakwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [26] Ku byereyeye uru rubanza, urukiko rurasanga kuba NDABABONYE Christophe avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije amategeko rukamurekera ku gihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kandi yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa ibihano, nta shingiro byahabwa kubera ko nta mategeko agaragaza yaba yarirengagijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu kumugenera igihano. Koko rero nk’uko bigararagara mu rubanza rwajuririwe, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku biteganyijwe mu ngingo za 107 na 133 z’Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano byabyo muri rusange izo ngingo ziteganya zikanahana ibyaha by’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake ndetse no gusambanya umwana. Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko rusanga

NDABABONYE Christophe atahabwa inyungu zihabwa abagabanyirizwa igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bitewe n’uburyo bwagaragajwe yakozemo ibyaha bugizwe n’ubugome ndengakamere ndetse n’ingaruka ibyaha yakoze byagize, akaba rero yarahawe igihano gikwiranye n’ubugome bukomeye yakoranye ibi cyaha. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ku bijyanye no kumenya igihano NDABABONYE Christophe akwiye guhanishwa, hakwifashishwa urubanza Nº RPAA 00013/2018/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MVUKIYEHE Charles alias Ruduri, aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwahamije MVUKIYEHE Chrles alias Ruduri, wari wajuriye icyaha yari yafatanyije na mugenzi we utari yajuriye, cyo gusambanya umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka 16 y’amavuko ku wa 06/02/2017, aho bamutegeye mu nzira agiye kuvoma maze baramusambanya, barangije bamugoronzora ijosi kugeza apfuye, bamutaho barigendera, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana.

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[28] Uru rukiko rurasanga kuba NDABABONYE Christophe asaba uru Rukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kubera yemeye icyaha agasaba imbabazi, iyi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha atanga, nta shingiro ifite kubera ko, kuba yarafashe umwana w’imyaka umunani (8) udafite imbaraga zo kumurwanya akamuniga, akamukubita ikirindi cy’umuhoro mu mutima, akamusambanya, akanamukerera ijosi, bikamuviramo urupfu, ari ubugome ndengakamere, bityo nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza rumaze kuvugwa haruguru uru rukiko rukaba rusanga hadakwiye kubaho kumugabanyiriza igihano, akaba agomba gukomeza guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, bityo n’ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na NDABABONYE Christophe nta shingiro bufite; [30] Rwemeje ko urubanza No RPA 00645/2020/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 10/01/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, rudahindutse; [31] Rutegetse ko NDABABONYE Christophe akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu; [32] Rutegetse ko NDABABONYE Christophe asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kubera ko afunzwe.