NIYIVUGA v. UNION DE L'ESPERANCE DES COOPERATIVES DES MOTARDS (UNESCOM)

# NIYIVUGA v. UNION DE L'ESPERANCE DES COOPERATIVES DES MOTARDS (UNESCOM)

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-07-29 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RCOM 00004/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NIYIVUGA v. UNION DE L'ESPERANCE DES COOPERATIVES DES MOTARDS (UNESCOM) [Rwanda URUKIKO RW IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RCOM 00004/2020/CA (Kanyange, P.J., Kamere na Munyangeri, J.) 29 Nyakanga 2022] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Ibimenyetso – Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’ akarengane – Impavu zo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’ akarengane zigira ishingiro iyo hari ibimenyetso bifatika bibigaragaza – Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3. Incamake y 'ikibazo: Uwitwa Niyivuga Mansula yareze sosiyete UNESCOM mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge, avuga ko bagiranye amasezerano yo kugura imodoka eshatu (3) zose ku mafaranga 159 000 000Frw, ariko ko itamwishyuye nkuko bikwiye. Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Niyivuga nta shingiro gifite. Niyivuga ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, maze arujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko yari asigaje kwishyura amafaranga angana na 75% y’agaciro k’imodoka, akaba nayo yaraje kuyishyura ahubwo akarenza amafaranga yagombaga kwishyura, abitewe no guhora asaba gukorerwa mutation ariko UNESCOM ikagenda imubwira ko atararangiza kwishyura, bityo akaba asaba urukiko kuyitegeka kumusubiza amafaranga ye yose kubera ko ari amafaranga y’ubucuruzi. UNESCOM yireguye ivuga ko ubujurire bwa Niyivuga Mansula nta shingiro bufite, inatanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi ivuga ko Umucamanza yirengagije ko hari amafaranga uwo baburana atishyuye arimo aya commission, aya assurance n’aya parking. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Niyivuga nta shingiro bufite, bityo ko icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe kidahindutse. Niyivuga yasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ku mpamvu yuko inkiko zibanza zategetse ko asubizwa ubwishyu burenze kubwo yagombaga kwishyura ariko ntibyakorwa, bityo ko asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumurenganura maze rugategeka ko ayasubizwa. Incamake y’ icyemezo: Impavu zo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’ akarengane zigira ishingiro iyo hari ibimenyetso bifatika bibigaragaza. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3. Nta manza zifashishijwe.

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Urubanza

I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu rubanza RCOM 00923/2017/TC/NYGE Niyivuga Mansula yareze Union de l'Esperance des Coopératives des Motards /UNESCOM mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge, avuga ko bagiranye amasezerano yo kugura imodoka eshatu (3) zose ku mafaranga 159 000 000 Frw, aho imwe yayiguze 53 000 000 Frw. Yasobanuye ko yagerageje kwishyura nk’uko byari biteganyijwe mu masezerano, ariko ko imodoka zaje gufatirwa n’Akagera Business Group kubera umwenda zabarwagaho. Avuga yiyambaje banki akishyura ndetse akazisubizwa ariko ntiyakorerwa ihinduza (mutation) ngo zimwandikweho bitewe n’undi mwenda Union de L'Esperance des Coopératives des Motards /UNESCOM yari ifitiye Akagera Business Group. Avuga ko ibyo byatumye nanone atanga ikindi kirego aho muri urwo rubanza Akagera Business Group kategetswe kumukorera mutation, ariko ko nyuma yo gusubira muri comptabilité ye yasanze yarishyuye Union de l'Esperance des Coopératives des Motards /UNESCOM amafaranga angana na 30. 274.000 Frw. [2] Union de l'Esperance des Coopératives des Motards /UNESCOM yireguye ivuga ko amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye agaragaza ko ibyo Niyivuga Mansula yagombaga kwishyura byose bihwanye na 204 654 857 Frw, ariko ko ayo yose Niyivuga Mansula atayishyuye, kubera ko hari hasigaye 43 223 857 Frw, hakaba hari n’ayo yanyujije ku Kagera Business Group kandi atari byo byumvikanyweho muri ayo masezerano, akaba yarasabye gukorerwa mutation asigaranye umwenda ungana na 6.030.000 Frw atishyuye. [3] Mu guca urubanza RCOM 00923/2017/TC/NYGE ku wa 12/01/2018, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Niyivuga Mansula nta shingiro gifite, ko nta kigaragaza ko hari amafaranga Niyivuga Mansula yarengeje ku bwishyu bw'imodoka RAC513K, RAC514K na RAC515K yagombaga guha Union de l' Espérance des Coopératives des Motards (UNESCOM) uhereye igihe yagombaga kwishyurira izo modoka, ko nta kigaragaza ko ubwo Akagera Business Group Ltd kafatiraga izo modoka ubwishyu bwazo bwose kugeza icyo gihe Niyivuga Mansula yari yarabuhaye Union de l' Esperance des Coopératives des Motards. Rwemeza kandi ko isubizwa ry'amafaranga Niyivuga Mansula avuga ko yarengeje ku bwishyu bw'imodoka zavuzwe haruguru hamwe n'indishyi zitandukanye asaba, nta shingiro bifite. Rutegeka Niyivuga Mansula guha Union de l'Esperance des Coopératives des Motards 500.000 Frw y'igihembo cy'Avoka na 100.000 Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza kandi rutegeka ko 50.000Frw, Niyivuga Mansula yatanzeho ingwate y' amagarama arega ahwanye n'ibyakozwe byose mu rubanza. [4] Niyivuga Mansula ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza, arujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC. Mu bujurire bwe akavuga ko urukiko rutahaye agaciro ingingo ya 6 y’amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye, ko rwirengagije nkana bordereaux yishyuriyeho rukavuga ko zitagaragara, ko rutateranyije neza amafranga yose agaragara kuri bordereaux yishyuriyeho, kandi ko rwirengagije 18.000.000Frw y’igihombo yagize bitewe n’ifatirwa ry’imodoka yaguze.

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[5] UNESCOM yireguye ivuga ko ubujurire bwa Niyivuga Mansula nta shingiro bufite, inatanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi ivuga ko Umucamanza yirengagije ko hari amafaranga Niyivuga Mansula atishyuye arimo aya commission, aya assurance n’aya parking. [6] Kuwa 15/05/2018, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Niyivuga Mansula nta shingiro bufite, ko icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe kidahindutse, ko kandi Niyivuga Mansula agomba guha UNESCOM 500.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibyagiye ku rubanza mu bujurire, naho amafaranga y’igarama yatanzwe akaguma mu Isanduku ya Leta. [7] Niyivuga Mansula yasubirishijemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 15/05/2018, avuga ko akarengane yakorewe gashingiye ku kuba inkiko zibanza zitarategetse UNESCOM kumusubiza amafaranga angana na 30. 274. 000Frw yarengeje ku bwishyu yasabwaga, kuba urukiko rutarayitegetse kumwishyura amafaranga angana na 18.000.000Frw y’igihombo yamuteje, no kuba rutaramugeneye indishyi mu mafaranga cyangwa ibyangijwe ku modoka byemeranyijweho mu nyandiko yasinyweho n'impande zombi ubwo yasubizwaga imodoka ze zari zarafatiriwe. [8] Nyuma yo gusesengura ubusabe bwe, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amusaba kwemeza niba urubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo cye n° 067/CJ/2020 cyo ku wa 14/12/2020, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, kandi arwoherereza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rwandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RCOM 00004/2020/CA, rukorerwa inama ntegurarubanza yabaye ku wa 02/03/2021, naho iburanisha ritangira ku wa 14/04/2021, ariko rigenda ryimurwa ku mpamvu zitandukanye kugeza ubwo ku wa 16/11/2021 Urukiko rwasabye uburanira Niyivuga Mansula urega kujya gutegura neza RW ibirebana n’umwirondoro w’uwarezwe, akabishyikiriza Urukiko bitarenze ku wa 30/11/2021 kugira ngo Urukiko rwongere ruhamagaze ababuranyi mu nama ntegurarubanza, kuko byari bimaze kugaragara ko kugeza icyo gihe inama ntegurarubanza yari yarakozwe mu izina ry’uregwa n’abatabifitiye ububasha. [9] Nyuma y’inama ntegurarubanza yabaye ku wa 25/04/2022, iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 01/06/2022. Uwo munsi ababuranyi baritabye, Niyivuga Mansula ahagarariwe na Me Kagabo Vénuste naho UNESCOM ihagaraririwe na Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent, urubanza rurasubikwa kugira ngo ababuranyi bahabwe umwanya wo kugerageza gukemura mu bwumvikane impaka bafitanye. Nyuma y’uko iyo nzira y’ubwumvikane inaniranye, iburanisha ryongeye gusubukurwa ku wa 06/07/2022, ababuranyi bombi bahari kandi bahagarariwe nka mbere. Isomwa ry’urubanza rishyirwa ku wa 26/07/2022, ryimurirwa ku wa 29/07/2022.

II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO Gusuzuma niba hari amafaranga angana na 31.380.624 Frw UNESCOM igomba gusubiza Niyivuga Mansula kuko yayarengeje ku bwishyu yayigombaga

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[10] Me Kagabo Venuste, uhagarariye Niyivuga Mansula, ashingiye ku masezerano y’ubugure bw’imodoka RAC 513K, RAC 514 K na RAC 515 K yagiranye na UNESCOM ku kiguzi cyose hamwe kingana na 159.000.000 Frw, aho ku munsi wo kuyashyiraho umukono yishyuye 25% y’agaciro k’imodoka imwe kuri buri modoka uko ari eshatu, bihwanye na 13 250 000 Frw kuri buri imwe, imodoka imwe ikaba yari ifite agaciro 100% kangana na 53.000.000Frw nk’uko bigargara mu ngingo ya 6 y’ayo masezerano, avuga ko yari asigaje kwishyura amafaranga angana na 75% y’agaciro k’imodoka, akaba nayo yaraje kuyishyura ahubwo akarenza amafaranga yagombaga kwishyura, abitewe no guhora asaba gukorerwa mutation ariko UNESCOM ikagenda imubwira ko atararangiza kwishyura, nyuma bikaza kugaragara ko UNESCOM yirengagije 25% yatanzwe mbere yo guhabwa imodoka. Avuga ko Niyivuga Mansula amaze gukora imibare no kwegeranya aho yagiye atangira amafaranga yasanze yararengejeho amafaranga angana na 30 274 000 Frw [imibare yakozwe mu gihe cy’iburanisha yagaragaje ko ari 31.380.624 Frw], akaba asaba ko yayasubizwa kubera ko kuba UNESCOM iyagumana ibizi neza ari ikosa ryo kwigwizaho umuntungo nta mpamvu (enrichissement sans cause). Asaba urukiko kuyitegeka kumusubiza amafaranga ye yose kubera ko ari amafaranga y’ubucuruzi. [11] Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko rw'Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko nta kigaragaza ko yari yararangije kwishyura, ko na 25% yatanzwe mbere yo gusinya amasezerano atahabwa agaciro, ariko ko Urukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi rwagaragaje ko 25% yatanzwe mbere ahabwa agaciro, rukanabona ko yishyuye amafaranga arenga ku yo yasabwaga ariko nyuma rukabirengaho ruvuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Agasobanura ko ibi ari byo bigaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwamurenganyije aho nyuma yo kubona ko yishyuye amafaranga aruta ayo yagombaga kwishyura rutategetse ko ayasubizwa kandi UNESCOM itagaragaza ikindi baguraga. Avuga kandi ko ayo mafaranga yari yayahawe nk'inguzanyo muri Bank of Kigali, aho yahise akorerwa transfer agahabwa Akagera Business Group ari nabyo mu rundi rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko akorerwa mutation akandikwaho imodoka rumaze kubona ko umwenda wose wishyuwe, ariko ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutabibonye, Banki ikaba ikomeje kumwishyuza mu gihe UNESCOM yo yamaze kwishyurwa. [12] Avuga kandi ko akarengane kagaragara mu rubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC, cyane cyane mu gika cya 12 cy’urwo rubanza, aho nyuma yo kubona ko Niyivuga Mansula yishyuye amafaranga 190.380.624 Frw aruta 159 000 000 Frw yagombaga kwishyura Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutategetse ko asubizwa 31.380.624 Frw arengaho kandi UNESCOM itagaragaza ikindi baguraga. Agasaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumurenganura maze rugategeka ko asubizwa ayo mafaranga yarenze ku bwishyu yagombaga gutanga. [13] Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent, uhagarariye Union de l'Espérance des Coopératives des Motards (UNESCOM) avuga ko hariho UNESCOM ebyiri, iyitwa Union de l'Espérance des Coopératives des Motards (UNESCOM) nka koperative n’indi yitwa UNESCOM MULTIPURPOSE Ltd nka sosiyeti. Avuga ko ku wa 06/03/2013 Akagera Business Group Ltd kagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’imodoka esheshatu (6) na UNESCOM MULTIPURPOSE Ltd, iyi na yo nka Sosiyete y’ubucuruzi ikaza kuzigurisha umunyamigabane wayo Union de l'Espérance des Coopératives des Motards (UNESCOM) ku mwenda, ikajya yishyura mu byiciro babaga bumvikanyeho, ko iyi na yo yaje kugurisha imodoka eshatu Umunyamuryango wayo witwa Ubumwe Motar-Kigabiro na yo iza kuzigurisha NIYIVUGA Mansula nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano yo ku wa 18/03/2013. Asobanura ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y’ayo masezerano, Niyivuga Mansula nk’uwari uhawe imodoka yagombaga kwishyura UNESCOM

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MULTIPURPOSE Ltd nka Société imwe yabanje kugura n’Akagera, ko Union de l'Espérance des Coopératives des Motards (UNESCOM) nta faranga na rimwe yigeze ihabwa, bityo ko niba Niyivuga Mansula yarishuye amafaranga arenze ayo yagombaga kwishyura akwiye kujya kuyabaza UNESCOM MULTIPURPOSE Ltd yayahaye nk’uko bigaragara muri iyo ngingo ya 3 y’ayo masezerano. [14] Avuga kandi ko Urukiko nirusanga amafaranga Niyivuga Mansula asaba yarayishuye Union de L'Espérance des Coopératives des Motards (UNESCOM) rukwiye kuzategeka ko yayasubizwa, rwasanga atari yo yayishyuye agatsindwa, kuko yagombaga kwishyura UNESCOM MULTIPURPOSE Ltd, ko ibyo kwishyura Akagera Business Group batabizi. [15] Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent akomeza asobanura ko n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaba rwarabonye ko hari amafaranga yarenze ku bwishyu, ikibazo gishingiye ku masezerano, ko Umucamanza atari gutegeka ko ayo mafaranga avaho kuko atigeze ayaha UNESCOM, akaba yumva ikibazo ari uko ayo mafaranga atari UNESCOM yagombaga kuyasubiza, akavuga kandi ko hari urundi rubanza rureba izo modoka rwaburanwe hagati yabo ubu rwabaye itegeko, rugaragaramo 40.000.000 Frw y’ubwishyu bwa nyuma Niyivuga yihereye Akagera Business Group UNESCOM itabimutumye nk’uko bigaragazwa na A qui de droit ya Banque, UNESCOM ikaba atari yo igomba kuyamusubiza. [16] Ku kibazo UNESCOM yabajijwe n’Urukiko cyo kumenya ingano y’amafaranga arebana n’imodoka zaguzwe na Niyivuga yaba yarishyuye Akagera Business Group mbere y’uko Niyivuga Mansula na we ayishyura 40.194.624 Frw, Me Ndihokuryayo Innocent avuga ko kuri bo, calculation (imibare) y’ayo bahaye Akagera bayifite, kandi ko itigeze ivugwa mu rubanza rwa mutation. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Ingingo ya 55, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko mu byo iteganya harimo ibikurikira: ʺUrubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma rushobora gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kubera ko mu icibwa ryarwo ... hirengagijwe amategeko cyangwa ibimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese”. [18] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko: “Buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana”. Naho ingingo ya 12, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “uvuga ko atagitegetswe gukora icyo yategekwaga gukora cyagaragajwe n’ibimenyetso agomba kugaragaza impamvu zakimukuyeho”. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga dosiye y’uru rubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi ku wa 15/05/2018 Niyivuga Mansula yasabye ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane igaragaramo inyandiko z’ubwishyu (Bordéreaux) zifite agaciro kagera kuri 190.380.624 Frw habariwemo na transfert ya BK ya 40.194.624 Frw UNESCOM itashoboye kuvuguruza, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwagaragaje mu gika cya 15 cy’urwo rubanza ko ari bwo bwishyu Niyivuga Mansula yatanze agura imodoka RAC 513 K, RAC 514 K na RAC 515 K zavuzwe haruguru.

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[20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga iyo dosiye irimo kandi inyandiko yo ku wa 17/08/2015 UNESCOM yandikiye Niyivuga Mansula imusaba kwihangana no kuba ategereje ko izindi modoka zaje mu itsinda rimwe n’izo yasabiraga mutation nazo zibanza kurangiza kwishyurwa mu kwezi kwa cumi k’uwo mwaka kugira ngo zose zikorerwe mutation icyarimwe, ndetse n’urubanza RCOM 1795/15/TC/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 11/07/2016 hagati ya Niyivuga Mansula, UNESCOM na Akagera Business Group (ABG), rukaba rwaremeje ko Niyivuga Mansula afite uburenganzira bwo gukorerwa mutation na ABG kuko yarangije kwishyura. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibi rukaba rusanga ibivugwa n’uhagarariye UNESCOM ko Niyivuga Mansula atayimenyesheje ko hari amafaranga yishyuye ayanyujije kuri Akagera Business Group bitagomba guhabwa ishingiro, mu gihe na yo itagaragarije Urukiko ko yari yararangije gushyikiriza ABG amafaranga yose yarebanaga n’ubwo bwishyu akanyuzwa na Niyivuga Mansula kuri konti yayo, nk’uko byari bikubiye mu ngingo ya 3 y’amasezerano bagiranye. Urukiko rukaba rusanga kandi UNESCOM yaburanye mu rubanza RCOM 1795/15/TC/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 11/07/2016 rwavuzwe haruguru aho yagishaga impaka Niyivuga Mansula ko ngo asabira mutation imodoka atararangiza kwishyura ariko ikabitsindirwa, ari nayo UNESCOM iburana muri uru rubanza ndetse no mu rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ku buryo ibyo uyiburanira avuga ko itarebwa n’ubwo bwishyu nta shingiro bigomba guhabwa. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 55, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko, ingingo ya 12 igika cya 2, y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, zose zibukijwe haruguru, hari ibimenyetso n’amategeko abigenga Niyivuga Mansula yagaragarije Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ko yishyuye amafaranga arenze ayari ateganyijwe mu masezerano yagiranye na UNESCOM, urwo Rukiko rurabibona ariko ku mpamvu rutatangiye ibisobanuiro ntirwategeka ko asubizwa ikinyuranyo kirenga ku bwishyu yagombaga gutanga. Uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga iyi mpamvu y’akarengane yagaragajwe na Niyivuga Mansula ifite ishingiro, UNESCOM ikaba igomba gutegekwa kumusubiza 31.380.624 Frw kuko ari cyo kinyuranyo kiri hagati ya 190.380.624 Frw yishyuye na 159.000.000 Frw yagombaga kwishyura.  Gusuzuma niba UNESCOM yategekwa kwishyura niyivuga Mansula 18.000.000Frw y'igihombo gituruka ku gihe imodoka yari yaraguze zamaze zifatiriwe n’Akagera Business Group. [22] Ku bijyanye n’ amafaranga angana na 18 000 000Frw kubera gufatirwa byakozwe ku modoka RAC 513K, 514 K na RAC 515 K bigatuma zihagarika akazi mu gihe kingana n’iminsi 75, Me Kagabo Venuste, uhagarariye Niyivuga Mansula asaba ko UNESOM iyishyura hashingiwe ku nyandiko ifatira izo modoka yakozwe n’umuhesha w’inkiko witwa Kanyana Bibiane ku wa 23/02/2015 asaba polisi ishami rishinzwe umutekano wo mu muhanda gufata imodoka za Niyivuga Mansula aho yavugaga ko izo modoka zitishyura, agashingira no ku masezerano Akagera Business Group Ltd yari ifitanye na UNESCOM kandi ayo masezerano atari azwi na Niyivuga Mansula wari warishyuye ibyo yasabwaga byose kuri izo modoka, ndetse no ku nyandikomvugo yo kurekura izo modoka yo ku itariki ya 9/6/2015 zimaze iminsi 75 zidakora ngo zinjirize amafaranga nyirazo.

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[23] Me Kagabo Venuste avuga kandi ko izi ndishyi azisaba ashingiye ku masezerano yari hagati ya UNESCOM na Niyivuga Mansula, cyane cyane ingingo ya 11 n’iya 12 zigaragaza ko UNESCOM igomba kwirengera igihombo, ndetse no ku nyandiko yo kurekura imodoka yakozwe tariki ya 9/6/2015 aho bemeje ko ibyangijwe bigomba gusubizwa. Naho ku birebana n’imibarire y’izo ndishyi agasobanura ko amafaranga Niyivuga Mansula asaba yabazwe hashingiwe ku kuba imodoka ya Coaster imwe yinjiza (versement) 80. 000 Frw ku munsi, kuva tariki ya 23/2/2015 kugeza tariki ya 9/6/2015 hakaba harimo iminsi 75, amafaranga 18.000.000 Frw asabwa akaba ari 80.000 Frw x iminsi 75 x imodoka . [24] Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent, uhagarariye UNESCOM, avuga ko kuba izo modoka zarafashwe atari ku bw’amakosa ya UNESCOM, bityo ko atariyo yabyishyurira indishyi. Asobanura ko mu ibaruwa ya Niyivuga Mansula igaragara mu rubanza rw’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi yavugaga ko atishyuye amafaranga agera kuri 2.100.000Frw.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo (J.O no spécial du 19/07/2004) iteganya ibikurikira: “Buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana”. [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga dosiye y’urubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi ku wa 15/05/2018 rwasabiwe gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane igaragaramo inyandiko y’ifatira ry’imodoka RAC 513 K, 514 K na RAC 515 K za Niyivuga Mansula icyo gihe zari zicyanditse kuri UNESCOM, iryo fatira rikaba ryarakozwe na huissier Kanyana Bibiane ku wa 23/02/2015 kubera umwenda w’ikiguzi cyazo wari utararangiza kwishyurwa Akagera Business Group, mu gihe bigaragara ko ubwishyu bubanziriza iryo fatira Niyivuga Mansula yaherukaga kubutanga ku wa 22/01/2015, ubundi bwishyu bugera kuri 40.194.624 Frw akaba yarabwihereye Akagera Business Group ku wa 27/05/2015, byumvikanisha ko imodoka zifatirwa hari uruhare rwe atari yakujuje, mu gihe yerekana ko ku bwishyu bwazo yarengejeho agera kuri 31.380.624 Frw gusa, naho mu nyandiko ye yo ku wa 02/06/2015 yandikiye UNESCOM ayisaba kumubarira neza akaba yaremeraga ko yari ayifitiye umwenda ugera kuri 2.100.000 Frw, kandi ibi akaba yarabikoze iryo fatira ryaramaze gukorwa. Uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga rero Niyivuga Mansula nawe hari uruhare rwo kutishyurira igihe yagize bigatuma imodoka ze zifatirwa, ku buryo Urukiko rutakwirengagiza urwo ruhare rwe mu gihombo avuga ko yagize ngo rutegeke UNESCOM kwirengera yonyine indishyi z’igihombo gishingiye kuri iryo fatirwa. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku bisobanuro n’ingingo y’Itegeko byagaragajwe haruguru, rukaba rusanga nta karengane Niyivuga Mansula yatewe no kuba mu rubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi ku wa 15/05/2018 rwasabiwe gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko rwaremeje ko imodoka zafatiriwe ku makosa ya Niyivuga utaratanze ubwishyu bwose mu buryo bwumvikanyweho mu masezerano, bityo iyi mpamvu y’akarengane ikaba nta shingiro igomba guhabwa.  Gusuzuma niba Niyivuga Mansula yahabwa indishyi mu mafaranga cyangwa agasubizwa ibyangijwe ku modoka bivugwa mu nyandikomvugo yo kuzirekura yo ku wa 09/06/2015

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[28] Me Kagabo Vénuste, uhagarariye Niyivuga Mansula, asaba kwishyurwa ibyangijwe ku modoka mu gihe imodoka zafatirwaga nk’uko bigaragara kuri raporo yo ku wa 09/06/2015 yakozwe harekurwa izo modoka, ibyo bikaba ari igisahani cya Filtre cyo hasi, mazutu ku modoka zose, imikono y’amajeke, Pensage bitewe no kuba imodoka RAC 514 K yaragonzwe, amatapi 4, filtre yo hejuru ku modoka RAC 515 K. Asaba ko UNESCOM yakwishyura 5.000.000 Frw kubera ko ubwo Niyivuga Mansula yasubizwaga imodoka byose byakorewe inyandiko maze bakemeranya kuzabimusubiza, ariko ko kugeza uyu munsi Inkiko zabanje zitagaragaje impamvu zitabimugeneye kandi amasezerano yaragaragazaga ugomba kwishyura igihombo cyavutse. [29] Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwagaragarijwe ibyangiritse ku modoka mu gihe zari zarafatiriwe bifite agaciro kangana na miliyoni eshanu, rukanagaragarizwa n’inyandiko UNESCOM yemereyeho ko izabyishyura, ariko ko rutategetse ko abyishyurwa. Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gusuzuma ako karengane yakorewe maze rugategeka ko abyishyurwa. [30] Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent, uhagarariye Union de l'Espérance des Cooperatives des Motards (UNESCOM), yiregura avuga ko indishyi zijyanye no kwangirika kw’ibinyabiziga Niyivuga Mansula asaba ntazo yahabwa, kuko uwakiriye izo modoka ari we wakagombye kuzisubiza zimeze nk’uko zari zimeze ubwo yazakiraga. [31] Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent akomeza avuga ko atari UNESCOM yafatiriye izo modoka, atari na yo yazangije, bityo ko atari yo yaryozwa ibijyanye n’isanwa ryazo. Avuga ko mu nyandikomvugo yo ku wa 09/06/2015 UNESCOM yasinyiye ko yabonye ibyangijwe ariko atari yo yabyangije, ko isanwa ryazo ryabazwa uwazangije cyangwa se uwatumye zifatwa kubera kutishyura. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [32] Dossier y’urubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi ku wa 15/05/2018 rwasabiwe gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane igaragaza inyandikomvugo yo ku wa 09/06/2015 y’uko imodoka zirekuwe irimo n’urutonde rw’ibyangiritse ndetse n’inyandiko ya Me Kagabo Venuste yo ku wa 20/03/2017 asaba ko UNESCOM yishyura uwo ahagarariye agaciro k’ibyangiritse kangana na 5.000.000 Frw, ariko akemeza ko Inkiko zabanje zitagaragaje impamvu zitabimugeneye kandi amasezerano yaragaragazaga ugomba kwishyura igihombo cyavutse. [33] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukaba rusanga nk’uko rwasobanuye mu bika bibanziriza iki ko UNESCOM atari yo yakwirengera indishyi zingana na 18.000.000 FRW z’igihombo cyaturutse ku gihe imodoka zamaze zifatiriwe zidakora, nta n’impamvu ihari yatuma yirengera indishyi zikomoka ku byangiritse kuri izo modoka muri icyo gihe cy’ifatirwa ryazo kuko Niyivuga Mansula atigeze abasha kugaragaza ko UNESCOM ari yo yazangije muri icyo gihe.  Gusuzuma niba Niyivuga Mansula yasubizwa amafaranga yamaze kwishyura y’indishyi yari yarategetswe kwishyura mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane [34] Me Kagabo Vénuste, uhagarariye Niyivuga Mansula, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka UNESCOM kumusubiza amafaranga yategetswe kuyishyura mu rubanza RCOM

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00923/2017/TC/NYGE no mu rubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC yose angana na 1.150.000 Frw kuko yari yararangije gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo by’Inkiko birebana nayo. [35] Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent uhagarariye UNESCOM yiregura avuga ko amafaranga NIYIVUGA Mansula yategetswe kwishyura adakwiye kuyasubizwa, ko akwiye kugumaho.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [36] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko amafaranga NIYIVUGA Mansula asaba gusubizwa na UNESCOM ari ayo yari yarategetswe kuyishyura arebana n’ibyagiye ku rubanza kuko ari we wabaga yarutsinzwe. [37] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga uretse gusa ku bijyanye n’amafaranga Niyivuga Mansula agomba gusubizwa na UNESCOM kuko ari ubwishyu burenga kuyo yagombaga kwishyura nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ku zindi ngingo zose yaburanye mu rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane akomeje gutsindwa nka mbere. Bityo Urukiko rukaba rusanga ibisabwa na Niyivuga Mansula ko yasubizwa amafaranga yategetswe kwishyura UNESCOM mu rubanza RCOM 00923/2017/TC/NYGE no mu rubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC angana na 1.150.000 Frw bitagomba guhabwa ishingiro kuko hari ibyo yari yatsindiwe byatumye ayacibwa na n’ubu akaba akomeje kubitsindirwa muri uru rubanza.  Gusuzuma ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi [38] Me Kagabo Vénuste, uhagarariye Niyivuga Mansula, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka UNESCOM kwishyura Niyivuga Mansula 1.500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego, kubera kumusiragiza mu manza yanga kubahiriza amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye. [39] Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent, uhagarariye UNESCOM, yiregura avuga ko ntayo yahabwa kuko yareze Union De L'Espérance des Coopératives des Motards (UNESCOM) kandi atari yo yagombaga kuregwa. [40] Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent, uhagarariye UNESCOM, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’Imanza z’Imbonezamubano, iz’Ubucuruzi, iz’Umurimo n’iz’Ubutegetsi, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ahubwo gutegeka Niyivuga Mansula kwishyura UNESCOM 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yiyongera ku yategetswe mu rubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC, mu gihe Urukiko rwazasanga ikirego cye cyo kurusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane nta shingiro gifite. [41] Me Kagabo Venuste uhagarariye Niyivuga Mansula avuga ko izi ndishyi UNESCOM isaba nta shingiro zifite, kuko Me Ndihokubwayo Innocent uyihagarariye uyu munsi yazisabye ku wa 02/11/2021 atarahabwa uburenganzira bwo kuyihagararira nk’uko bigaragazwa n’umwanzuro cyane ko yivugiye ko icyo gihe atari ayihagarariye. Bityo ko ibyakozwe muri icyo gihe bitahabwa ishingiro, ko ahubwo ibikwiye guhabwa ishingiro ari ibyo yavugiye mu nama ntegurarubanza. Yongeraho ko gutanga indishyi ari ingaruka ku cyemezo Urukiko rwazafata, ko UNESCOM iramutse itsinze urubanza yazahabwa indishyi ariko zitandukanye n’izo yari yarayisabiye atarabyemererwa.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [42] Nk’uko bisanzwe bimenyerewe kandi mu buryo butakigibwaho impaka, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka acibwa umuburanyi watsinzwe urubanza akishyurwa umuburanyi warutsinze. [43] Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, muri uru rubanza Niyivuga Mansula wareze aratsinda kuri bimwe agatsindwa ku bindi kandi bikaba ari n’uko bimeze kuri UNESCOM yarurezwemo. Bityo, uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga nta muburanyi muri uru rubanza ugomba gutegekwa kwishyura undi amafaranga y’ibyagenze ku rubanza arimo asabwa na buri wese y’ikuririkiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, ahubwo buri wese akaba agomba kwirengera ibyo yarutanzeho.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [44] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Niyivuga Mansula cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane urubanza RCOMA 00091/2018/CHC/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 15/05/2018 gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [44] Rutegetse Union de l'Espérance des Coopératives des Motards (UNESCOM) gusubiza Niyivuga Mansula amafaranga miliyoni mirongo itatu n’imwe, ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo inani na magana atandatu na makumyabiri n’ane (31.380.624 Frw); [46] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.