The Court of Appeal refused to admit an application to correct a prior criminal judgment, holding that only parties to the original case may seek correction.
The Court of Appeal established that mitigating circumstances can justify reducing sentences below statutory minimums, clarified the distinction between murder and assault causing death, set evidentiary standards for group crime and infanticide, and confirmed the burden of proof in illicit enrichment. The court also affirmed the correction of clerical errors, the limited effect of late admissions of guilt, the need for corroboration of child testimony, and the retroactive application of interpretive ministerial orders.
The Court of Appeal held that the High Commercial Court was justified in correcting the property number in the judgment because the judge had repeated a party's error that was evident from the case file. This exception is recognized in both Rwandan law and Supreme Court precedent. The correction did not constitute a new decision on an unlitigated property but rectified a clerical error that the judge should have noticed. The appeal by MUGENI Josiane was dismissed as unfounded.
The High Court dismissed an application to correct a judgment, holding that omitted claims and parties cannot be added through correction because that would change the substance.