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Rwanda Case Law

Search judgments by proposition, citation, court, judge or legal topic, then move directly into the source-grounded case analysis.

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Criminal law RPAA/GEN 00001/2022/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUNYAKAYANZA

The Court of Appeal dismissed Munyakayanza’s genocide appeal, holding that a credible single witness may suffice and that minor inconsistencies did not defeat the testimony.

  • Genocide
  • Evidentiary law
  • Testimonial evidence
  • Appeals
  • Witness credibility
  • Criminal-appeal
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Criminal law RPA 00103/2021/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUTIGANDA N’ABANDI

The Court found that RNC is a terrorist group as established by prior judgments and its conduct. The accused's actions constituted full membership in a terrorist group, not mere attempt, as they had accepted and taken steps to join. Procedural objections regarding prosecution authority were dismissed as inapplicable to terrorist group charges. The evidence, including investigative confessions and corroborating statements, was sufficient. The offences of joining an unlawful armed group and a terrorist group cannot be cumulated; only the terrorist group offence stands. The sentence of 15 years'…

  • Terrorism
  • Membership in terrorist organization
  • Procedural law
  • Evidentiary law
  • Sentencing
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Criminal law RP/GEN 00011/2021/HC/HCCIC

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RUTUNGA

Dr. Rutunga Venant was found criminally liable as an accomplice (icyitso) in genocide and extermination as a crime against humanity for knowingly requesting and bringing gendarmes who, together with interahamwe, killed Tutsi refugees and employees at ISAR-Rubona. The court found that his actions—requesting the gendarmes, facilitating their arrival, and failing to oppose or prevent the killings—constituted essential assistance, even though he did not personally kill or directly order the killings. The court rejected defenses based on non-retroactivity, absence from prior cases, and lack of dir…

  • Genocide
  • Complicity in genocide
  • Crimes against humanity
  • Extradition
  • Evidentiary law
  • Command responsibility
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Criminal law RLR V.1-2025

UBUSHINJACYAHA v TWAGIRAYEZU

The Court of Appeal found that the High Court erred in its assessment of the alibi and witness credibility. The prosecution met its burden to prove beyond reasonable doubt that Twagirayezu Wenceslas was present in Rwanda and participated in multiple attacks constituting genocide and crimes against humanity. Minor inconsistencies in witness testimony did not undermine the core evidence. The absence of his name in Gacaca records was not determinative. The Court convicted Twagirayezu of genocide and crimes against humanity and imposed a 20-year prison sentence, finding no sufficient aggravating…

  • Genocide
  • Crimes against humanity
  • Evidentiary law
  • Alibi defence
  • Assessment of witness credibility
  • Appeal procedure
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Criminal law RPAA 00309/2021/CA

IRADUKUNDA

The court held that the legally recognized birth certificate established U.V.'s birth date as 01/01/2003, making her 15 at the time of the offence. The defendant's arguments and alternative documents were found unconvincing or unreliable. However, due to mitigating factors including the defendant's youth, admission of guilt, and lack of prior misconduct, the sentence was reduced from 20 to 10 years' imprisonment.

  • Defilement
  • Evidentiary law
  • Sentencing
  • Mitigating circumstances
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Criminal law RPAA 00257/2020/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BARUTWANAYO

The Court of Appeal upheld Barutwanayo’s conviction for attempted murder and aggravated robbery, but reduced the sentence from life imprisonment to 15 years.

  • Attempted murder
  • Aggravated robbery
  • Sentencing
  • Evidentiary law
  • Appeals
  • Attempted-murder
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Criminal law RP 00001/2017/HC/HCCIC

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. IYAMUREMYE

The High Court of Rwanda convicted Iyamuremye Jean Claude alias Nzinga of genocide for participating in attacks against Tutsi civilians in Kicukiro and Nyanza.

  • Genocide
  • Crimes against humanity
  • Evidentiary law
  • Criminal procedure
  • Sentencing
  • Criminal-law
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Criminal law RPA GEN 00002/2016/HCCI

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. HABYARIMANA

The High Court partly allowed Habyarimana Jean’s appeal, affirming convictions for conspiracy to commit genocide and accessory liability but overturning the roadblock conviction.

  • Genocide
  • Conspiracy to commit genocide
  • Accessory to genocide
  • Criminal procedure
  • Evidentiary law
  • Conspiracy-to-commit-genocide
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Criminal law RPA GEN 00002/2016/HCCI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v HABYARIMANA

The High Court partially allowed Habyarimana Jean’s appeal, upholding convictions for conspiracy to commit genocide, incitement, and accessory liability.

  • Genocide
  • Conspiracy to commit genocide
  • Incitement to genocide
  • Accessory liability
  • Criminal procedure
  • Evidentiary law
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Criminal law [2016] 4 RLR

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TURATSINZE

The Supreme Court upheld Turatsinze Pierre’s conviction for genocide denial, but reduced the sentence to nine years because the prosecution had not appealed for a harsher penalty.

  • Genocide denial
  • Evidentiary law
  • Appeals
  • Sentencing
  • Genocide-denial
  • Criminal-appeals
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About this LexChat collection

Rwanda decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.