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Rwanda decisions
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The conviction was upheld because the combination of the victim's testimony, corroborating witness statements, the accused's own admissions, and the medical report provided sufficient and admissible evidence of defilement. However, the sentence was reduced due to the accused being a first-time offender, aligning with precedent for similar cases.
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The Court of Appeal established binding principles on calculation of appeal deadlines, mandatory payment of withholding tax, distinction between civil and commercial acts, contract classification, recusal standards, sentencing discretion and mitigation, procedural limits on appellate arguments, modification of charges, proportionality in drug sentencing, and retroactive application of interpretive ministerial orders.
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The Court of Appeal established binding principles on criminal responsibility and mental illness, the definition of contradictory judgments, the limits of procedural error as grounds for second appeal, the requirements for recusal, evidentiary standards for property division among unmarried cohabitants, the scope of mitigating circumstances in sentencing, the validity of confessions, the appellate court's power to reduce sentences, the corroboration requirement for child testimony, and the rule that doubt must benefit the accused.
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The Court of Appeal established that procedural fairness requires appeal periods to be calculated from the date judgment reading minutes are entered into the official system if there is a delay, not from the oral pronouncement. Withholding tax obligations apply regardless of explicit mention in judgments. The distinction between commercial and civil acts depends on the nature and purpose of the act, not the status of the actor. Recusal of judges requires objective evidence of bias existing before the case. Sentencing must consider proportionality and mitigating factors, allowing for reduction…
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The Court of Appeal established that mitigating circumstances can justify reducing sentences below statutory minimums, clarified the distinction between murder and assault causing death, set evidentiary standards for group crime and infanticide, and confirmed the burden of proof in illicit enrichment. The court also affirmed the correction of clerical errors, the limited effect of late admissions of guilt, the need for corroboration of child testimony, and the retroactive application of interpretive ministerial orders.
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The Court of Appeal found Kabilima Jean Damascène’s alibi unsupported, upheld key witness evidence and CNLG records, and convicted him of genocide and complicity.
The Supreme Court held that sentence reduction for minority is separate from reduction for admission of guilt, and reduced Dusabeyezu’s sentence to seven years.
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